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    HUGNG DAN GIAI Dé THI TOAN CHUYEN VAO LOP 10 CHUYEN KHTN NAM HOC 2021 - 2022 A. DE THI Cau 1 aig) 1) Voi b,c lishing sb hye thia mina +b +62 Ova (a+ (6+ ole+a (Ching minh ig a o Late + aia +0+0) a a CT Wr bree 2) Gi be pvc ih Ay? doy t Ooty? = Sy (x-+ 2y) +31 = Or + 18y + 13zy, (Cw TL 2.4m) 41) Tim x,y nguyén duemg théa min 3° + 29 = 2» 2) Véia,b,c Bede sé thue dung théa man du kign 2(0-+ 6-46) +ab-+ be + ea = ‘Tam gid Wn abit a bid thie: at ° Fy +l | etl _ Fees * Fiera (Cu IL. (3 dim) Cho hinh thoi ABCD (BAD < 90°) c6 dudng won noi tgp (2). Cac diéwn MY, 0 ta luge thuge eae cant CB, CD sao cho MN tiép xic vi (0) ti P, vatam gide CMV non, khong cn, Puding thing MIN ldn luo eit cde dung thing AB, AD tai E, F. Goi KL theo th ty 1a true tim ede tam sie BME, DNF. 1) Chhtug minh ring OP di qua tung digm Fei KL. 2) Goi H lau im tam ge CAI. Ching minh ing or CH” 2MN~ “L vei BD lan lut la S,T. Goi giao diém cia NS va MT a Q. Duding tron di tigp ota tam gide CMN tigp sabe MN tai G. Chitng mink ring hai dug thing PQ va GIT song song (Ch TV. (dim) Gist 0,05 +++ ony Bing the tha in Tea tea? * Tea ‘Ching minh ring tin tai s6 nguyén k (1 < k < 2021) sa0 cho a 2 in teat * T+ T+q Trang! “Hitdng din gid dé ti vio lap 10 chucyén KHTN 2021-2022 - Tosa churén B. HUONG DAN GIAI VA BINH LUAN (Can aidmy 1) V6ia beh ahing 8 duc thin mina + be 04a (a-+ (b+ ofe-+ 0) (Ching minh ding a 4 1+ abe ballet b+ 0) w Fares yi vake * Haroryei tae (erie? 2) Gili bé phuong tinh dy? ey 4 20%? = 1 Bary (2-+2y) +31 = Or + 18y + 13ry Li gis 1) Sit dung ding the: (a +0-+ c)(ab-+be+ ca) = (a +0)(0+e)(e-+ 0) + abe = 1 + abe, tacs: a o @atb+c)+1+abe * Matb+e)+1+abe a b ~ BUFO sate abt ier) Parbray tarot aber ea) « ‘ @+b+j@ +abthe+ca) @Fb+q +b + hte) a b ~ Get ard * rhe arora _ ald +e) + be+4) * GFb+ at HO+ CFA) _2ab+ teen arbre _ ab + be+ ca)(a+b-+0) arb _ lab+be+ calla +b+6) + abla +b+e) rT _ Liebe t alla h+e) ety VIy Fay Bai toxin duge ching minh, “Huting dn gi dé thi vo lép 10 chusyén KHTIN 2021-2022 - Ton hun “Trang? 2) He phuting trinh da cho twoing ding wi: (w+ 2y)? + 2a4y? = Bay (w+ 2y) +31 = 9(e +2y) + Ley Dit +2y = wry = v.Vi (e + 2y)? > Sry & (x 2y)? > 0 Cuba ding), nén ta 06 diéu ign: u? > 8 Hg phuong tinh t9 than: +202 = 11 qy Bun +31 = 9u+ 130 @ ‘Ta (1) suy rau? + 20* +20= 31. Thay vao phuldng tinh (2) t 66: a? 4 20? 420-4 3un = 9u-+ 130 (ut d)ut20— ~~ Néu wv — 4 =O hay w= 4— v, Thay vao phutang tinh (1), ta duge: (oP eae =v? 8045 = v= hoje a2 rtQy=3 + Véiv= 15 u=3.Suyra47* = ¥ ay=1 andy =2 nnén x va 2y la 2 nghigm cia phuong trinh X?— 3X +2 = 0. = 1,X = 2nén tit diy (x,y) = (1,1) (2 3) B= nat pit imine = 2 + Voiv=3 3 ~~ Néu w+ 20—5 = Ohay w= 5 —2n, Thay vio phuting trinh (1), ta duce Phuong tinh nay ¢6 2 ngbigm 3 yuo tng pny King thn mini = <8 ‘Vay, hg phung trinh c6 2 nghiém (2y) = (I, 1); (2 5): Trang “Hitdng din gid dé ti vio lap 10 chucyén KHTN 2021-2022 - Tosa churén Cau IL. (2 diem) 1) Tim x,y nguyén duong thoa man 3* +29 = 2. 2) Voi a,b,e Wi ede sb thye ducing théa man digu kign 2(0 + b-+ 0) +-ab-+ be + ea ‘Tim gid tr lon nhit eta bigu thie: 4 atl bet etl Peas a Fea” Fy era Lai gis 1) Vie = 1 thi y = 5, ta66 nghiém (2, y) = (1, Voix 2 2thiy 2 6,tae6 e429 nén 2 = 2 (mod 9),hay 2°"! = 1 (mod 9). Mit khic, vi2" = 1 (mod 9) némy = n+ I,m € 8 Xét theo mod 32, tae6 (mod 9) 2-32 =0 (mod 32) nén 3° = 3 (mod 82) hay 3°! Mat khaic, vi 3 XEt theo mod 7, ta 6 (mod 22) 1 (tod 32) nén 2 = 8+ Lm eN, oy = 91 — 264" = 2 (mod 7). Taday suy ra 314 29=2 (mod 7), hay 31 =1 (mod 7). Nhung vi 3° = 1 (mod 7) nén 8m + 1 phi la bOi cia 6, rO rang digu nay Khong thé xiy ra, ‘Vg, phn trinh c6 nghigm duy nt (2) = (1,5). 2) Dit Khi do, Hot Ly = b+ 1.s= c+ I thi gid thidt 6 cho ti thnks ny + ye + : w +er+ ! Prey+R F+esD surgeon < ss 3 z eit wei + ‘aching minh Sig™ aa Syt2 © 324 ® “That vay, quy ding va nit gon, st dung digu kign 2y + ye + 20 = 12, bat ding thie (+) wong ry: “Hucing din sii dé thi vo lép 10 chun KHTIN 2021-2022 - Ton chun Trang ‘Theo bit ding thie AM-GM, ta e6: Wary bys $222 BY suy mays <8 Va (x+y +2)? 2 Sry + ys +21) = 36nénr ty +226 Tidy 20(e + y + 2) +96 > 20.6 +96 = 216 > 27ry= (ludn ding). Diu bing xiy ra khi r= y hay @ at ki 6) én nd eta MR : ¥ 6 (Cau IIL. @ diém) Cho binh thoi ABCD (BAD < 90°) cé dung ton nbi tiép (0). Cée dim) M,N lin higt thuée cic canh C'B,C'D sao cho MN ti€p xtc vai (O) tai P, va tam giée CMN nhon, khdng cfn. During thing N lin lugt cét cfc duimg thing AB, AD tai EF. Goi K, L theo} thn ttre tim cfc tam gide BME, DNF. 1) Ching minh rng OP di qua trung digm I cia FL. 2) Goi HF 1a tre tam tam gite CM. Ching minh ring Or BF cH MN 2 3) Goi giao diém cia BK, FL wi BD lin hut li 8,7. Goi giao diém cia NS vii MT Ta @. Duding tron ndi tgp eta tam gitie CAN tgp xiie MN tai G. Ching minh ring hai duting| thing PQ va GHT song song. Ld gi: 1) Tacé BK, DL, OP déu wuong géc v6i EF nén BKC || DL | OP. Mi OB = OD nén OP 1a dating trung binh cia hinh thang BK'LD. Suy ra OP i qua trung digi cia KL, “Hucing dn gii dé thi vo lép 10 chun KHIEN 2021-2022 - Toain chen ‘Trang 6 2) Titcau 1) tacé OF = 58K + DL). Suy ra BK+DL_ EP IMN > “20H IMN BM | DN EF 2MC +3NG~ MN ak 3) Dung hinh binh hanh MVNH. FT cit ES wai U, Goi pi, po lin lugt la nia chu vi ciia tam gide FD va EBM. és AFDN onén Mt = NF _ MONE gy. PF _ PN Tae APDN ~ AM BB nin = ME = BOE Sy PE = FO , V. NN _ PM _VM Dod Tp = PF = PE TE" Hién nhién VP || HG do NP = MG. ‘Vay ta cin chting minh Q,U, V thing hang. Goi Z 1 giao diém eda DB va EF, Suy mV, P hing hing Ia giao cia TF va QN, Y la gio cia QM va SE. ax _@ XN YM Ap dung dinb ly Menelaus cho tam giée QV M véi ba diém T,X, XQ FN TM FM TQ ‘Ta sé ching minh XY || MLN, didu nay tweing ding Pta.06 anzos X2 _ Tong wiacingos: PS EMSS sina FN TM EN sQ Viy welnching ion EX. TM. EN, Sa L Lai ép dng dinh by Menelaus cho tam gic QMIN vai T, S, Z tathu duge 5 PN EN ZM Tad (1) rong dong > ZM_EN FN “ru ZN EM = * ZB DB PN ZB . Twang doing 22 PB EN ay wong duons wei 22 ® ZB_ BM . BM _ EM ros 28 — BM hi coal tam gide PDN va MBE ding dang nén 2 — Tao SE = SMa oo al tam gic FDN va MBE ding dang nén 53 Say ra (2) ding ‘Mat khic, hai tam gide UXY’ va VM 06 canb twong ting song song nén NX, MY,VU ding auy iQ Vay QP || HQ. Trang “Hitdng din gid dé ti vio lap 10 chucyén KHTN 2021-2022 - Tosa churén ‘Cu IIL (3 dig) Cho binh thoi ABCD (BAD < 90°) e6 dutimg win noi tip (O). Cae digm M,N Hin huge thude ede eanh CB,CD sao cho MN tiép xie voi (O) tai P, va tam ge CMIN ‘nhon, khong cin, Dudng thing /MIV lin ligt eft ede dudng thing AB, AD ti B, F. Goi KL theo thi ty 1 tre tim ee tam giée BALE, DNF. 1) Chiing minh ring OP di qua trung diém J cite KL, 2) Goi H 1a trye tim tam giée CAN. Ching minh ring ol BE CH” 2MN” 2 3) Goi giao diém cia EK, FL voi BD tin luot a S.T. Goi giao diém cia NS va MT Ia Q. ing tron ndi tgp eta tam gic CAN tip xc MIN tai C. Ching minh ring hai ding thing PQ va GH song song. ‘Liti git: R 1) Tacé BK, DL, OP déu ving gée voi EF nén BK || DL || OP. Ma OB = OD nén OP ta dating trung binh eda hinh thang BALD. Suy ra OP di qua trung diém eta KL. “Hung dn gid d2 thi vio lop 10 chuyén KHTN 2021-2022 - Ton chuyen Trang 6 2) Tei 1) tas OF (BK + DL). Suy Ol EF _BK+DL__EF CH 2MN 2CH B '3) Ta phat biéu va ehimg minh mot b6 sau 186 8. Cho hai tam giée ABC’ va A'B'C' e6 AA’, BB',CC' dng quy, Khi ds giao diém ca fe diting thing AB va A'B', AC va A'C’, BC va BIC! thing hang. Ching mink, Goi $ la giao ella AA’, BB',CC'. AB giao A'B! tai Z, AC giao AIC! tai ¥, BC giao BICT wiZ. Ap dung din ty Menetaus, ta thu duge X,Y; Z thing hing Khi va chi kh Trang? ‘ung din gi d2 thi vo lop 10 chuyén KHTN 2021-2022 - Ton chuyen Ap dung dinh ly Menelaus cho tam giée SBC véi ba diém BY,C’, X ta c6 XB CC BS Xo OS BB sicieue 22 XA Tung ty vi oe ve Fa ‘Tro ai bai toain, Dung hinh binh hanh MVIVH, PT cit BS tai U, . nbn v6i nhau ta 6 digu phai chiing minh. Co tn a ch wi cia tam ge FD a ni NF _ ps Tues AFDN ~ AMBE nin = TT = B= mone PN_PM_VM U PF PE UE Hin nbién UP || HG do NP = MC. ‘Tasé chimg minh Q, VP thing hing ‘That vay, g0i X,Y Han hagt Ia gio digm eta MV voi UL, NV voi UK. Goi giao dim cia DB va BP la R. Ap dung bé d8 wen eho hai tam gide SYN va IXM. Tacd SW giao TM tai Q, SY giao TX tai U. YN giao XM tai V thing hing khi va chi khi ST.XY,.NM déng guy tai R. PR _ NF PE” NM Suy a 5 uy ra U,V; P thing hang Ap dang dinh ly Menelass cho tam ge UE, di ny tng dong XU RF YE XP RE YU XF ; ‘Ap dung dinh iy Menelaus cho tam gide AF wi ba dim 2, D.B tac6 RE BE DA RE BA’ DF suym BE DE " RE” BE Does, XU RF YE XP RE YO o DF pM _ MF Tae Sp = yy me thay vio (1) ta cén ching BENE (Qua D, B Ad tng song song voi EF, eit BC, DC ti DY Tacé DD’ = MF, BB = NB vin ME _ DD on NE = B - cD ‘Ta. du phi chidng minh, “Huaing din gid d2 thi vito lip 10 chuyén KHTN 2021-2022 - Ton chuyen Trang (Cau IV. (1 digm) Gi sito1,02.-+> am ing sb thu tha min T+ Taka, +a ‘Chimag minh eng tbn tai sé nguyén k (1 < k < 2021) sao cho 2021 va nyta te tan =O ‘Ta phi cing minh tn ti sb nguyén & voi 1 SK < 2021 tha man 2k Infante thn] s Néu ry = O thi chon & = 1, cn néu 1 < O thi thay vi xét B8 (ri. (Cay. -en + np), do d6 chi ela xét xy > 0. ‘Voi mi k + 2021, dit ye = Si (vi quy wdc yo = 0), thi 2» = “ es za vm wm & > 3022 dey von oo * Lager 7" ze) ta.66 thé net bO ue ‘Titding thie wen lau § ring ~y = 1y > nén goi k > 1 1a chi sb abo nhit sso cho yp <0 acd lye — yeaa! = [heel < &. Vie

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