A Group of Late Helladic IIIV 2 Pottery From Within The Citadel at Mycenae

A Group of Late Helladic IIIB 2 Pottery from within the Citadel at Mycenae: 'The
Causeway Deposit'
Author(s): K. A. Wardle, Joost Crouwel and Elizabeth French
Source: The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 68 (1973), pp. 297-348
Published by: British School at Athens
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30103281
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A GROUP OF LATE HELLADIC IIIB 2 POTTERY
FROM WITHIN THE CITADEL AT MYCENAE
'THE CAUSEWAY DEPOSIT'
(PLATES 57-62)
IN this article, the second in the series dealing with pottery found in the Citadel House excava-
tions at Mycenae,' I shall describe the nature and contents of the destruction deposit found imme-
diately outside the South House (Citadel House area) on the north.2 The mass of broken pottery
which lay on the built stone causeway leading from the Ramp House upwards to the northern
corner of the South House confirms the division into two periods of the Late Helladic IIIB
pottery from the Argolid.3 I have described and illustrated this in detail and compared it with
other groups of L.H. IIIB pottery which have been published from Mycenae and from Tiryns.
Although quantities of pottery have been recovered from the debris throughout the whole area
of excavation, much of this is undecorated and there is a considerable admixture of earlier
pottery which had, perhaps, been included in the mud-brick structure of the buildings or
derived from the collapse of the series of terraces on which these buildings stood. In these
circumstances the discovery of a single group of material, albeit limited in size, without any
significant quantity of earlier sherd material, is of especial importance. Despite the fact that
this pottery was not found within the buildings and had clearly fallen from above during the
conflagration, it is inextricably linked with the destruction by its position under the debris.
Stratigraphically, this pottery is later than the L.H. IIIB I group which I have already pub-
lished,4 which was connected with an earlier stage of use of these buildings. In character it
differs significantly from this, but corresponds to the West Wall deposit at Tiryns and to the
pottery from the Perseia Trench L at Mycenae.s Deep bowls comprise the majority of the
decorated pottery and include two types which have not been found in L.H. IIIB I contexts.
In addition to the open-style deep bowls of Group A,6 which occur throughout the L.H. IIIB
Acknowledgements. I am very grateful to Lord William
'EriXcoais Eco0Ev troi AUTtrKoG TEIXOUis -rs AKpoTr6MOS',
Taylour for the opportunity to work on this second group ADelt xx (1965) 137 ff.
of material from his excavations at Mycenae, and to the I See BSA 1xiv (1969) 259 for an introductory note on
Mediterranean Archaeological Trust for financial support. this series by Lord William Taylour, and 261 ff. for a L.H.
Both Dr. Elizabeth French and Lord William Taylour have
IIIB I group from the same area. In this article I shall use
given me help in interpreting the difficult stratigraphy of the phrase 'Citadel House area' to refer to the excavations
this part of the Citadel House site from their personal which took place between 1959 and 1969; that part of the
experience of the excavation. Mr. Joost Crouwel has kindly structures in this area which form part of the South House
undertaken the specialist discussion of an important set of will be called 'the South House'. The southern part of the
krater sherds decorated with a chariot scene (this forms an Citadel House complex will be referred to as 'the House
appendix to the present article). Finally, I have to thank with the Idols'.
my wife, Diana, without whose help this article could not 2 Preliminary reports on the excavation of this area have
have been written and who has prepared all the illustra- been published in ILN 23 Sept. 1961, 490 and in MT iii.
tions.
35 ff. Dr. French has indicated the position of the pottery
Abbreviations additional to those in standard use: from this area in her discussion of the sequence of groups
FM = Furumark Motive Number: A. Furumark, The from Mycenae: BSA Iviii (1963) 5I.
Mycenaean Pottery. 3 Originally suggested by Schachermeyr, AA 1962, 222,
FS = Furumark Shape Number: ibid. and based on studies of material from Tiryns and Mycenae,
MT iii = J. Chadwick et al., 'The Mycenae Tablets iii', see n. 5 and n. 31. 4 BSA lxiv (1g96) 261 ff.
Transactions of the American Philosophical Society lii (1962) s Tiryns and BSA Ixiv (1969) 71 if.
pt. 7. 6 Deep bowls of Group A and Group B were originally
Tiryns = N. Verdelis, E. and D. French, 'Tipwvvs: MvKlvaGTKfi defined in BSA lii (1957) 218 and Tiryns 139.
298 K. A. WARDLE
period, there are the larger bowls of Group B with monochrome interiors and a deep band at
the rim outside, and the smaller type which I shall call for convenience 'rosette' bowls, which are
distinguished by their dotted rim and isolated sea-anemone pattern. The few painted kylix
fragments present in the deposit may be assigned to L.H. IIIA 2, or even earlier, and serve to
confirm the hypothesis that decorated kylikes were not in use in L.H. IIIB 2. No sherd was
found from any of the vessels which have been suggested as criteria for the earliest stage of
L.H. IIIC: e.g. the Group A deep bowl with monochrome interior, the medium-band deep
bowl, or the shallow angular bowl with linear decoration.7
The pottery from the levels overlying this deposit on the causeway includes earlier material as
well as sherds which are of those types characteristic of L.H. IIIB 2. I have attempted to show
the mixed character of these levels and illustrate sherds which complement the picture given by
the pure causeway deposit.8 The uppermost level with which I am concerned contains L.H.
IIIC pottery and contrasts with the destruction debris beneath it. In addition I have listed all
the small objects found in the debris and described a number of the more interesting pieces,
particularly those made of bronze or ivory.9 One clay sealing with a Linear B inscription was
found in the destruction debris and has been published together with a number of inscribed
tablets which were found in a neighbouring area and for which this pottery provides a secure
date.xo A haematite weight (6o-x8) and a 'Canaanite' amphora fragment (194) point to con-
nections with the eastern Mediterranean, while three fragments of a figured krater showing
a chariot scene with parasol are of especial interest and are the subject of an appendix to this
article by Joost Crouwel, pp. 343 f.
It must be emphasized that the distinction between the pottery styles of L.H. IIIB I and 2
has been established on the basis of the numerical analysis of total groups of material; but in the
Argolid, at least, these styles can be identified by the criteria mentioned above. It is to be hoped
that this distinction can be applied over a much wider area, but in the absence of detailed
evidence from other settlement sites the criteria should be used with caution." In particular, it
is likely that the use of monochrome paint on the interior of open shapes will depend as much on
the colour and quality of the local clays as on fashions set in the Argolid. The division between
L.H. IIIB i and 2 does not indicate an equal length of time for each period, for there are as yet
no absolute dates which could be used to determine this. In fact, if the quantities of material of
each type are any guide, L.H. IIIB I pottery may have been in fashion twice as long as that of
L.H. IIIB 2, and a certain internal development within L.H. IIIB I can be detected by com-
paring the proportions of deep bowls with those of kylikes.I2 With many sherds, taken in iso-
lation, it is not possible to say more than that they are of L.H. IIIB types, though in some cases
a subjective judgement can be made on the basis of the execution and arrangement of the
decoration. L.H. IIIB 2 seems more formalized than L.H. IIIB I and less adventurous.'3 The
aim of these articles is to provide objective criteria which can be tested against material from
other sites and modified accordingly. It is my experience in sorting sherd material from My-
cenae that these criteria are readily applicable at that site without giving rise to contradictions
or inconsistencies. I believe the same to be true at Tiryns.
THE STRATIFICATION OF THE DEPOSITS TO THE NORTH OF THE SOUTH HOUSE
With the resumption of the excavation in the Citadel House area under the joint direction of
the late Dr. John Papadimitriou and Lord William Taylour in I959, one of the first areas
investigated was that around the 'Mycenaean Storeroom' discovered by Professor Wace in
7 AA 1969, I33 ff. 8 PP. 324 ft. " PP. 336 ff. 0o MT iii. 57 ff., Oi 70I-7 and CMS v no. 594-
"z See n. 31. 12 BSA lxiv (1969) 265 f. za Cf. BSA lxiv (x969) 87-
A GROUP OF LATE HELLADIC IIIB 2 POTTERY FROM MYCENAE 299
FIGURE 1 Mycenae : Citadel House:

Causeway and North Corner
of South House
1960
b't
C
di
AB
a
CD
1960
X, room 7 rm rm
6 1
room
Scale 1:100 4
1954.14 In earlier campaigns the area of the Ramp House and of part of the South House had
been cleared,s5 leaving a strip some 13 m. long from north-east to south-west and 5 m. wide
between the 'storeroom' and these excavated areas, bounded at the north-east by the Hellenistic
terrace walls which proved to be built on an earlier Mycenaean wall, a (see plan FIG. i). The
Hellenistic levels at the north-east end of this strip had largely been removed in 1954 but had
not been disturbed in the south-west. The location and shape of the trenches used to excavate
this area were determined by the position of the overlying Hellenistic walls and by the steep
slope from the terrace wall down to the South House area.'6 For the convenience of this account
'4 ILN 21 May 1955. 16 This area was designated xI and excavated with
's The Ramp House was excavated by Professor Wace in trenches A, B, C, D, and E in 1959, while the following
192 1/2, BSA xxv (1921-3) 74; the western part of the South year trenches A, CD, F, and area 02 were used.
House was cleared in 1921, ibid. 86.
300 K. A. WARDLE
I shall refer to two areas: A/B in the north-east and C/D in the south-west, as indicated on the
plan. In 1959 the Mycenaean floor level was reached in area A/B and the Hellenistic levels were
removed from area C/D; in the following year area A/B was opened to north and south, while
C/D was carried down to the Mycenaean floor level, with the exception of a small area which
was finally removed in 1962. Small tests were made below the floor level but no attempt was
made to strip the area to bed-rock.'7 The area cleared proved to be the southern part of an open
space or courtyard between the Ramp House and the north end of a group of rooms which can
FIGURE 2 Mycenae : Citadel House.

Section at North Corner
L of South House
\oomm
Room
1 Room
6 Room 7
NE SW
D"
Scale 1:100 1959 South Face F1 Trenches A&E
now be seen to be an integral part of the South House complex.'8 For this reason the two sec-
tions (FIGs. 2 and 3) show very different kinds of stratigraphy.'9 To the south-east can be seen
the mass of calcined destruction debris packed between the mud-brick walls of the South
House (FIG. 2, PLATE 57a, also MT iii fig. 70), while the opposite view shows the mass of debris
overlain by levels which seem to have accumulated more gradually (FIG. 3, PLATE 57b). Exca-
vation of these levels was further complicated by the character of the destruction debris itself,
which was in places reduced to a concreted mass by the fire which destroyed the building. It was
not possible to separate the overlying levels accurately, and so no detailed statistical analysis of
their content is possible. The nature and date of each stratum is, nevertheless, clear and I have
indicated this below and illustrated a sample of the pottery later in this article.zo On the other
'7 In this article I shall deal with the finds of 1959 and E. Levelling: B3ii, B4, E5, E7, 26, 31-3. Contaminated:
I96o with the exception of those from trench F (a L.H. IIIC E3.
floor at a higher level to the south-west of the 'storeroom'), F. L.H. IIIC: BI, B2, B3i. Contaminated with earlier:
and those from the Hellenistic levels. CD 13-17, 27, 29, 3o; with later: EI, E2.
18 BSA lxiv (1969) 259. G. Hellenistic: AI, A2, A4, C 1-12.
'o These sections are somewhat simplified versions of the
1960
drawings published in MT iii. figs. 64 and 65.
A. Pre-destruction deposit: 16, 17, 43, 44, 46, 48.
20 pp. 324 ff. The baskets which I have assigned to each
stratum are as follows: C. Causeway deposit: 8-11.
D. Destruction debris: 7, 12, I9, 21, 24, 25, 27, 39, 47-
1959 Contaminated: 2, 3, 5, 6, 13, I8, 2o.
A. Pre-destruction deposit: 34/36, 37, 39, 40o, 43. E. Levelling: 29-33, 45.
D. Destruction debris: A5, A8, Aio, 35, 38, 42. Con- F. L.H. IIIC: 37, 41, 42.
taminated: S. ext. I, S. ext. 2, A3, A6a, A7, A9, E6. G. Hellenistic: 4, 22, 23, 26, 34, 35, 36.
hand, the mass of sherd material which lay below the destruction debris on the stone causeway,
b, is free from any contamination and is discussed in detail.2,
Seven strata can be distinguished, and these are indicated on the sections by the appropriate
letters.
FIGURE 3 Mycenae: Citadel House:

Section of North Baulk
CD IAB (
G
EXCAVATED IN 1954
w
..,.
G ...
1F''
SW 'D NE
~3f4
!wj
i, ... -
b
NOT EXCAVATED
Scale 1:100 1959/1960 North Face of Area Fl1
A. Pre-destruction Deposit
Tests were made below the floor levels on which the destruction debris lay,and some depth of
earth was revealed without reaching bed-rock. In one place, outside the doorway to the 'store-
room' (Room I), a quantity of sherd material formed the packing for the threshold. There is no
indication whether these levels antedate the construction of this part of the South House, nor is
their date absolutely secure. A few sherds must be assigned to L.H. IIIB 2, but these could have
been trodden into the floors during the period of use.
B. Structures in Use at the Time of the Destruction

The north-west end of the South House is formed by an irregular series of rooms whose mud-
brick walls are set on stone foundations. Three long, narrow rooms open from the courtyard to
the north of the building. On the east, Room 4 appears to be a corridor leading to the House
with the Idols and the Tsountas' House complex, between the rooms which form part of the
South House and the terrace wall to the east. Beside this is the 'storeroom' in which several large
jars were found by Professor Wace. A further narrow room (Room 6) leads to the interior of the
building, while a large L-shaped room (Room 7) on the west seems to have its sole entrance
from the courtyard. The walls have all been affected by the fire which destroyed these buildings
and are distorted or lean because of the weight of rubble which has fallen on them.
21 PP. 304 f.
302 K. A. WARDLE
In the courtyard there is a length of finely constructed pathway, b, leading upwards from the
Ramp House to the corridor, Room 4 (PLATES 57a, c, d).22 It is 7 m. long and has a gradient of
about I in 6. The surface is formed partly by a double row of well-fitting poros blocks, and
partly by a single row extended by trodden earth and white plaster to level the irregular
surface of the bed-rock. A further ramp, c, led upwards again to the north from its south-east
end, along the face of the terrace wall, a, which bounds the area on the north-east. This pathway
was constructed with less care and made use of outcrops of rock, while the spaces were filled in
with stones of different sizes. The main causeway led to the corridor and thence to the Shrine in
Tsountas' House, while the subsidiary pathway must have led to buildings on the terrace above
which have not been preserved. A drain was provided from the entrance of the 'storeroom'
down the slope into, and through, the South House. Otherwise the surface of the courtyard is
rather irregular.
Two 'Zygouries' kylikes (I45, 146) found in the packing of sherds below the threshold of
Room I and below the causeway itself suggest that this part of the building was constructed
shortly after the beginning of L.H. IIIB I, a date which is confirmed by evidence from other
parts of the Citadel House area.23 It is clear from the pottery found on the causeway that the
building was destroyed when pottery of the L.H. IIIB 2 style was already in use.
C. Late Helladic IIIB 2 Destruction Deposit (The Causeway Deposit)

Under the north baulk of area A/B, which was removed in I960, was discovered a level of
burnt earth lying immediately on the poros causeway. The level varied in thickness from o. Io
to 0-20 m. and probably extended over the whole area from the entrance to Room I down to the
Ramp House. It was not, however, separately observed in 1959, and the area to the north-west
may have been contaminated to some extent during the excavation of the Ramp House area;
but in the uncontaminated part alone were over 4,500 fragments of pottery together with
quantities of animal bone and a number of small objects of other materials. It is this group of
pottery which forms the basis of this article. More than ten restorable vessels were included in
the material.
Although the origin of this deposit of pottery cannot be precisely determined,24 its position
below the destruction debris and its character show that it was in use not long before the
destruction, and may thus be used to date it.
D. Destruction Debris
A mass of rubble, including calcined stone, burnt mud-brick, patches of ash, and carbonized
beams, covered the deposit on the causeway, blocked the doorways of the rooms to the south-
east, and lay nearly 2 m. deep against the terrace wall to the north-east. This was contorted by
the intense heat generated by the destruction fire, and in many places had achieved the con-
sistency of concrete. It is probable that this rubble derived from timber-laced mud-brick walls
of buildings on the terrace above, and collapsed in a blazing mass on to the open space below.
The nature of the debris seemed to the excavators to preclude the possibility that it derived from
levelling operations after the catastrophe which destroyed these buildings.
There was not very much pottery amongst this rubble, and only a few sherds were distinc-
tively L.H. IIIB 2. There was a proportion of earlier pottery which was perhaps included in the
mud-brick at the time of construction.
22 See also MT iii fig. 70. BSA lxiv (1969) 265 n. 18. A L.H. IIIB I group from the
23 I have previously suggested that the 'Zygouries' kylix terracing material below the building complex is shortly to
may be a feature of the beginning of the L.H. IIIB period: be published by Miss P. Mountjoy. 24 p. 303.
E. Levelling and Wash

FIG. 3 shows the next stratum clearly. The lower part is rubble which may have derived from
levelling and clearing after the destruction, although traces of burnt material were infrequent.
Above are levels of soil and pebbles which suggest that the area was unoccupied while earth
gradually washed down the slope from the terrace above.
This material contained rather more pottery than the destruction debris below it, but the
proportion of earlier sherds was greater. No pottery of L.H. IIIC date can be assigned with
confidence to these levels.
F. Deposit of L.H. IIIC Date

Evidently a further aggradation took place on this part of the Citadel House site during the
early part of L.H. IIIC, while new structures further to the south were in use. It was, however,
terraced into in Hellenistic times, and only a small pocket remained.
G. Hellenistic Walls
No levels intervene between the Mycenaean and the Hellenistic strata in this area to indicate
the extent of occupation between these periods; but a number of Late Geometric sherds, for
example the small monochrome cup, 267, indicate that there was occupation in the vicinity.
A number of walls were constructed in the Hellenistic period, (d), but even from these levels
the majority of the pottery is Mycenaean. The Mycenaean terrace wall was twice rebuilt, prob-
ably at this time.
THE CONDITION AND NATURE OF THE CAUSEWAY DEPOSIT
Although it is clear that twenty or thirty whole pots could have been restored if the deposit
had been recovered entire and had not partially been removed in excavating the Ramp House
and its courtyard, this sherd material does not derive solely from a group of whole vessels
shattered in the destruction. Some sherds are considerably worn, for example the jug shoulders
7 and 8. Many sherds are blackened by fire, but burnt and unburnt sherds join, showing that
the vessels were broken before the fire had properly taken hold. Part, at least, of the deposit
must be household rubbish, e.g. the animal bones and figurine fragments. Some of the finds, on
the other hand, are quite unusual. The deposit itself contained a pair of bronze tweezers and an
uncommon haematite weight, while neighbouring levels associated with the destruction pro-
duced a sword pommel, a figure-of-eight button or toggle, fragment of a box, and an un-
decorated plaque, all in ivory.
Unless the South House and the House with the Idols had fallen out of use some time before
the destruction, it is most improbable that rubbish would have been allowed to accumulate on
the fine stone causeway. I know of no evidence to support this hypothesis. It must be assumed
that this pottery fell on to the ramp at the time of the catastrophe, for the condition of the over-
lying rubble could hardly have been produced by levelling after the fire. The possibility that
this is material which was swept out of less badly damaged buildings after the fire may thus be
ruled out.
It is possible that some of the pottery was complete at the time of the fire, falling down from
upper storeys of timber construction which fell outwards before the collapse of the mud-brick
lower storey. The same could be true of the various small objects, but this would account
neither for the element of rubbish nor for the few earlier sherds which were present. There was,
perhaps, a tip of household refuse, including pottery, against a wooden fence or paling along the
304 K. A. WARDLE
edge of the terrace above the causeway which collapsed in the fire and allowed the tip to fall
down the slope. There was probably also a certain amount of combustible material, such as
straw, mixed in with the refuse, which accounts for the burnt earth which surrounded it.
Such a refuse-tip could not have been in use for very long, to judge by the homogeneity of the
pottery. Many fragments are large, and the proportion of earlier material is insignificant.
Despite the difficulties attending any hypothesis about its origin, there is no doubt that this
accumulation of pottery represents a very short time span, and cannot antedate the destruction
by more than a year or two.
THE PAINTED POTTERY FROM THE CAUSEWAY DEPOSIT AND ITS DATE
Despite the comparatively small number of patterned sherds in this group,25 it relates very
well to two larger deposits which have already been published which are both connected with
the destructions towards the end of Late Helladic IIIB. These are the West Wall deposit from
Tiryns, of which a preliminary account has already appeared,26 and the material from My-
cenae, Perseia Trench L, which has been published in full.27 Although the range of patterns
represented is smaller than from either of these areas, because of the smaller size of the sample,
the main features are the same and, in particular, the proportions of different shapes of vessel
are very closely comparable. The comparison with two published groups of Late Helladic
IIIB I pottery from Mycenae is also instructive.28 This information is tabulated in FIG. 4.
In the groups which are typical of Late Helladic IIIB 2, deep bowls form the greater part of
the material: 70 per cent of patterned sherds and more than 6o per cent of all painted sherds.
Even in the later of the two L.H. IIIB I groups, from Room 3, deep bowls form less than 30
per cent of the pottery. Taken alone, this would be a sufficient criterion to distinguish groups of
pottery of the two periods. In all three of the later groups deep bowls of Group A are more
frequent than they are in the earlier ones and there are, in addition, significant proportions of
two new forms of deep bowl, the Group B type and the 'rosette' bowl. The proportions of these
forms vary somewhat, but the order of frequency remains the same. The present group seems to
have a relatively high proportion of both 'rosette' bowls and bowls of Group B, while the West
Wall deposit has a comparatively small proportion of bowls of Group B.
Kylikes are the dominant feature of any early L.H. IIIB I group, forming, for example, over
45 per cent of the total number of patterned sherds in the deposit from the Prehistoric Cemetery,
Central. In the Causeway deposit, however, such kylix fragments as were found with the group
belong to types which had already gone out of fashion by L.H. IIIB I, and the same is true for
the other two groups dating to L.H. IIIB 2. Stemmed bowls seem to be much more frequent
than they were in L.H. IIIB 1,29 while the proportion of krater sherds from each of the three
deposits belonging to the later period is consistent. The proportions of the main types of closed
vessels, e.g. stirrup jars and jugs, are similar in these three deposits. Handmade vessels, on the
other hand, seem to be present in much the same numbers throughout L.H. IIIB.
The consistency in the figures for the three groups of L.H. IIIB 2 date contrasts with the
25 There are 174 decorated sherds, 651 with linear shapes in that deposit on a different basis from that used in
decoration or painted monochrome, and 3,604 unpainted the preliminary account (Tiryns 138), to allow direct com-
sherds. parison with the data from the other deposits. See FIG. 4.
26 AE 1956, Chronika 5; Tiryns. Dr. French has kindly 27 BSA 1 (1955); BSA lxiv (1969) 71 ff.
supplied me with her detailed figures for the different types 28 From the Prehistoric Cemetery, Central, BSA lxi
of vessels in each of the four strata identified in the West (1966) 216 ff., and from the House with the Idols, BSA lxiv
Wall deposit and I have tabulated these figures together (1969) 261 ff. Cf. also the diagram published by Dr. French
with those for the present deposit in FIG. 13. I should point in AJA lxxv (1971) 329.
out that I have calculated the percentages of the vessel 29 Cf. BSA lxiv (1969) 265 n. 19.
wide variation between the two sets for L.H. IIIB I. I have elsewhere suggested that the marked
difference in the proportions of kylikes and deep bowls in these two groups indicates a later date
for the Room 3 deposit, at a stage in the L.H. IIIB I period when the popularity of the kylix
had declined.30 The discrepancy between the figures for kraters and for stirrup jars is harder to
explain, but might be attributable to the form of activity in the area. The very high proportion
of stirrup jars in the deposit from the Prehistoric Cemetery, Central, suggests that there was
a storeroom in the vicinity when the deposit accumulated.
The differences between the two sets of figures are sufficient to justify the division of L.H.
IIIB pottery from the Argolid into an earlier and a later stage, independently of evidence
provided by style or by the different use of patterns in each stage. When further groups of these
periods, either from Mycenae or from other sites, can be analysed in this detail, it should be
possible to say with greater certainty which features are chronologically significant and which
depend on regional preference or local activity.3x
FIG. 4. TABLE TO SHOW THE DIFFERENT PERCENTAGES OF THE CHIEF VESSEL TYPES IN
LATE HELLADIC IIIB DEPOSITS IN THE ARGOLID
L.H. IIIB I L.H. IIIB 2

Mycenae, Mycenae, Tiryns,t Mycenae, Mycenae,
Prehistoric Room 3 West Wall Perseia, Causeway
Cemetery deposit Trench L deposit
Central
Deep Bowl A 140o -* 29'5 22'5 57-6 49-o 42"o 35"3 38-2 31'7
Deep Bowl B o*o - o0o o 8-6 8-2 23-6 24-8 I9-8 17-5
'Rosette' Bowl o0o - o0o o 4'7 4-6 3'5 3'9 11.7 I.*4
All Deep Bowls 14-o - 29'5 22'5 7I-1 6I'7 69-I 64-0 69'7 60-6
Stemmed Bowl 2-3 - 2I *1 1-5 93 7"1 9'7 14-8 6-2 3'7
Krater 0 - I6-2 .1-6 3'2 4'5 2'3 2'5 6-2 4'3
Kylix 46-o 23'2 30-0o oo o00 00 00 0.0 o
Jugs o0o - 14 I5'5 3"4 I3'0 2-8 5'7 3'2 7-I
Stirrup Jar 33o0 - 5-6 3'9 4'4 4'9 9'5 6-7 5-6 Io-8
Hand-made 3'9 - 5-6 2-8 3-6 1-3 3-2 I'4 2'5 3-I
Other shapes 0.7 - I7-8 I2.2 5-0 7*4 6.2 4'9 9-8 Io04
For each group the first column of figures is that based on identifiable patterned sherds, while the second gives the
figure for all identifiable painted sherds.
* Most of the linear sherds had been discarded from this material before the final study.
t These figures are based on those provided by Dr. French and tabulated by me in FIG. 13b. They are calculated on
a different basis from those given in Tiryns 138.
In the diagram, FIG. 5, I have made a first attempt to illustrate graphically the distinctive
features of Late Helladic IIIB I and 2 and to place each of the deposits on this, as on a time
scale. In the upper half of the diagram the thickness of the line indicates the frequency of the
feature mentioned, while the length suggests its duration. In the lower half of the diagram the
arrows suggest the date at which a deposit began to accumulate (whether in the place in which
it was found, or elsewhere) and the date at which it was effectively closed. The area of the arrow
gives some idea of the size of the body of material in question. I have indicated some features for
30 Ibid. 266. if it proves that this division cannot be applied to pottery
31 There is still insufficient evidence from areas outside made elsewhere, imports of pottery from the Argolid will
the Argolid to determine whether the division of L.H. still help to date local products and styles.
IIIB pottery into two stages has a wider application. Even
D 384 X
306 K. A. WARDLE
FIGURE 5 DIAGRAM TO ILLUSTRATE THE

DEVELOPMENT OF LH III B POTTERY
IN THE ARGOLID
LH IIIA 2j IIIB 1 IIIB 2 IIIC

Kylix I
with sloping whorl
with vertical whorl
"Zygouries" type
Deep Bowl A
monochrome in
Deep Bowl B
"Rosette" Bowl
"Medium Band" Bowl
Linear SAB (FS 295)
Stemmed Bowl
Krater
Stirrup Jar
Linear Jug
Miniature Hand-made
ICaus eway
Deposits studied West W all

in detail
IP.C.C.
Pers eia L
Room 3
L.H. IIIA 2 and for early L.H. IIIC, but these are not complete definitions of those periods.
The information given on this diagram is purely illustrative, and no absolute units are implied,
whether of time or number.
As I have noted above, deep bowls outnumber all other types in this group, but their decora-
tion is confined to various forms of panelling, a type of decoration which also appears on kraters,
stemmed bowls, and some closed shapes. The elements in the panelled patterns are restricted:
horizontal and vertical zigzags, vertical lines, chevrons, and joining semicircle fringe are com-
bined in different ways to produce the triglyphs. Spiral patterns are poorly represented, in
contrast to the succeeding period,32 although more examples of this decoration were found in
overlying levels.
Closed vessels are, as usual in settlement deposits, few in number. There are some fragments
of stirrup jars and some tantalizing pieces from the shoulders of globular jugs. Open vessels
other than deep bowls are present, but in such small numbers as to give little idea of variety or
decoration. Kraters and stemmed bowls are equally represented, and there are fragments of
a small mug and a dipper. Linear types include amphorae or globular jugs, cups or bowls, and
spouted cups. The small hand-made vessels which are present in all deposits of this period are
varied and include two askos fragments. The pieces of kylix found with this material are all of
types normally assigned to L.H. IIIA I and 2, e.g. small ringed stems, monochrome bases and
rim pieces, and flower patterns.
In line with the other articles on pottery from Mycenae I have charted in FIG. 13 the number
of fragments of each shape identified and the patterns used on them, together with numbers of
purely linear or monochrome fragments. Earlier pottery included in the deposit is listed at the
end of the section on the unpainted pottery, p. 323-
The wares are of the usual type, employing well-levigated buff clay with a smooth, or some-
times glossy, surface which has been hard-fired to give a buff or pinkish-buff colour. Examples of
slipped wares are perhaps more frequent than in the group of L.H. IIIB I pottery which I have
already published, and there is a certain proportion of sherds in a greenish fabric which is more
typical of L.H. IIIC. The paint is most frequently dark red or black, though browns and
oranges do occur, while the quality of the painting varies considerably.
THE PAINTED POTTERY

Piriform Jar FS 48
Only a few sherds could be identified from this shape, including monochrome rims. One
sherd showed the simple joining semicircle fringe, but no example of a linear piriform jar could
be identified.33
Alabastron FS 80, etc.

This shape is infrequently represented in settlement deposits after L.H. IIIA I, and it is not
possible to tell whether the two fragments in this assemblage are contemporary with it, or
whether they are survivals.
Globular Jug, Linear FS 105 (or Amphora FS 69) (FIG. 6)

Many of the linear body sherds from closed vessels must belong to these jar types, but it was
not possible to reconstruct any large fragments from them. The small number of rim fragments,
i-6, show a wide variety of shape and are rather more elaborate than those in L.H. IIIB I
deposits.
I. Jug neck, fragment; pale greenish fabric. D. rim. 00o9 m. Thickened rim. Brown-black paint, band on rim out.
2. Jug neck, fragment; buff fabric. Thickened rim. Brown paint, band on rim out.
3. Jug neck, fragment; buff sandy fabric. D. rim o I6 m. Heavy, thickened rim. Black paint, band at rim out.
32 AA 1969, 135. circle fringe above and below the pattern in the shoulder
33 Dr. French has noted two features which may indicate zone, and the reserved shoulder zone. Tiryns 145; BSA lxiv
piriform jars of L.H. IIIB 2 date: the use of joining semi- (1969) 73 and 77.
308 K. A. WARDLE
4. Jug neck, fragment; buff fabric. D. rim o 14 m. Heavy, thickened rim. Red-brown paint, band at rim out.
5. Jug neck, fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim o.I4 m. Angular rim. Red paint, band at rim out.
6. Jug neck, fragment; polished pale buff fabric. D. rim o.I2 m. Angular rim. Black paint, band at rim out.
Globular Jugs, Decorated, FS I IO, 120, 136, etc. (FIG. 6)

Some decorated sherds can be assigned to these types because of the position of the motif, but
large fragments survive from two or perhaps three jugs of this shape. One, 7, is decorated with
1 2 1 3 \ 4 \ 5 \\ 6
7 8
0 5 lOcms
9
FIGURE 6: Amphora and Jug
groups of multiple stem, while sherds in identical fabric are decorated with chevrons in a tri-
glyph and with an antithetic spiral composition, 8. If these two are from the same vessel, then
the chevrons would be very crowded beside the handle. Both sets of fragments are very worn and
affected by fire.
7. Globular jug, fragmentary; buff fabric, worn surface. D. neck 0-o6 m. Globular body with ridge at base of neck. Red-
brown paint; FM 19: 29, multiple stem in shoulder zone.
8. Globular jug(s?), fragmentary; pinkish-buff fabric, worn and burnt. D. neck o-o6 m. Globular body with ridge at base of
neck. Orange-brown paint; FM 50, antithetic spirals and FM 75:8, triglyph of chevrons between pair vertical lines.
9. Raised base from ?globular jug; buff fabric. D. base 0-05 m. Pale brown paint, wide band on base with narrow bands
above.
Stirrup Jar (FIG. 7)

The small number of pieces from this shape in the deposit add to our knowledge of the range
for L.H. IIIB 2 although dating of individual fragments is hazardous. All the fragments seem
13
10 11 12
14
15 16
17 M 118 19 9 20 27 22
23 24V 25 26 27
FIGURE 7 Stirrup Jar 0 5 l0cms
to be from the small globular shape exemplified by io (FS 171). The three larger pieces each
have a flower pattern on the shoulder and a simple form of body zone, 1o-I2. No other type of
shoulder pattern is represented, but there are a few types of body zone such as the disintegrated
quirk, 14. Four out of six identifiable ring bases have concentric circles on the base, 17-2o.
I have also illustrated the false-neck discs to show the types in use, 23-7.
Io. Stirrup jar, fragmentary; reddish fabric with pale buff slip and polished surface. D. max. o0 Io4 m., D. base 0-042 m.
?FS 171, small globular body and ring base. Brown paint, alternate bands and zones of fine lines with body zone of single
fine line, circles on base; FM 18: o09, flower in shoulder zone. 60-334-
x i. Stirrup jar, fragmentary; pinkish-buff fabric, burnt in places. D. max. c. o0-I4 m. Small globular shape. Brown paint,
alternate bands and fine lines; body zone of broken horizontal zigzag over fine line; cf. FM 18: 117, flower with solid
circle fill in shoulder zone.
12. Stirrup jar, shattered fragments; burnt grey fabric with polished surface. Red-brown paint, alternate bands and zones of
fine lines; body zone of vertical zigzag between lines; FM 18: 114, flower in shoulder zone.
310 K. A. WARDLE
13. Stirrup jar, fragment; grey-buff fabric. Dull red paint; FM I8; flower in shoulder zone.
z4. Stirrup jar, body fragment; greenish-buff fabric. Black-brown paint, alternate bands and zones of fine lines; FM 48: 16,
disintegrated quirk above single line in body zone.
15. Stirrup jar, body fragment; thick pale buff fabric. Red paint, alternate bands and zones of fine lines; body zone FM 53,
wavy line.
x6. Stirrup jar, body fragment; buff fabric slipped cream. Black paint, alternate bands and zones of fine lines; body zone of
horizontal zigzag between lines.
17. Stirrup jar, base fragment; pale buff fabric. D. base 0-053 m. Ring base. Black paint, band on base and body, four neat
circles below base.
x8. Stirrup jar, base fragment; polished cream-buff fabric. D. base 0-075 m. Ring base. Brown paint, band on base, fine lines
above, three circles below base.
xg. Stirrup jar, base fragment; polished buff fabric. D. base o0o5I m. Ring base. Dark brown paint, band on base and zone
of fine lines above, two circles on base below.
2o. Stirrup jar, base fragment; burnt buff fabric. D. base 0-052 m. Ring base. Black paint, band on base with ? fine line
above, single circle preserved on base.
2z. Stirrup jar, base fragment; buff fabric. D. base 0-042 m. Ring base. Brown paint, alternate bands and zones of fine lines.
22. Stirrup jar, base fragment; worn buff fabric. D. base 0-052 m. Ring base. Black-brown paint, band on base, fine line
above.
23. False neck, fragment; pinkish-buff fabric. D. disc 0-032 m. Domed disc. Red-brown paint, spiral on disc.
24. False neck, fragment; pinkish-buff fabric. D. disc 0o032 m. Domed disc. Black-brown paint, irregular fine spiral on disc.
25. False neck, fragment; pinkish-buff fabric. D. disc. 0-037 m. Hollow disc. Orange-brown paint, ? spiral on disc.
26. False neck, fragment; burnt grey fabric. D. disc. 0-034 m. Slightly domed disc. Brown paint, spiral on disc.
27. False neck, fragment; burnt grey fabric. D. disc oo03 m. Domed disc. Black-brown paint, spiral on disc.
Krater FS 9, 281, 282 (FIG. 8)

The decorated fragments of these shapes in the group are not very informative. Six use whorl-
shell motifs and could equally well be of L.H. IIIB I date, as, for example, the elaborate frag-
ment, 29. The complex panelling of 31, on the other hand, is surely to be assigned to L.H.
IIIB 2. The shape with vertical handle and that with horizontal are both represented, but the
rims are too few to suggest which shapes belong to this period. There are two unusual pieces,
the rim, 32, and the ring base with painted interior, 33, which should perhaps be classed as
kraters on account of their size, although this is not definite.34
28. Krater, rim fragment; pale buff fabric. D. rim 0-32 m. Closing shape with thickened everted rim. Yellow-brown paint,
band at rim in and out; FM 23, circumcurrent whorl-shells.
29. Krater, rim fragment; polished pale buff fabric. Everted rim. Yellow-brown paint, band at rim in and out; FM 23,
elaborate paired whorl-shells.
30. Krater, body fragment; buff fabric. Dark brown paint, band below panel and within; FM 73, lozenge as ? fill ornament.
31. Krater, rim and body fragments; polished buff fabric. D. rim 0o'35 m. Heavy everted rim. Black paint, two bands at rim
in and out, band below in; FM 75, complex panelled pattern with triglyph of vertical zigzag flanked by lines and joining
semicircle fringe; the main pattern consists of loops and lines outlined with dots and circles: there is also an elaborate sea
anemone.
32. ? Krater, fragment; greenish-buff fabric. D. rim 0-20 m. Rounded shape with everted rim. Black paint, band at rim out
and ?pattern (or handle) below.
33. ? Krater, base fragment; polished buff-fabric. D. base o0 Io m. Rough ring base. Red paint, band at base out and mono-
chrome interior.
Mug FS 226 (FIG. 8)

Two small pieces may be from the same mug, 34 and 35. They are decorated with triglyphs
of horizontal zigzags between vertical lines.
34 I have normally classed rims larger than 0-25 m. as from kraters rather than from deep bowls. Bases of Group B
deep bowls are rarely more than 0-075 m. in diameter.
28 \ 29 30
32
mono in
31 33
0 5 l0cms
34 35 FIGURE 8: Krater and Mug
34. Mug, body fragment; polished pale buff fabric. D. at handle c. o-o6 m. Waisted shape with vertical handle. Black paint,
band at handle level; FM 75, panelling with triglyph of horizontal zigzag between vertical lines.
35. ? Mug, rim fragment; pale buff fabric. D. rim o Io m. Brown paint, band at rim in and below out; ?FM 75, panelled
with triglyph of horizontal zigzag (or chevron?) between vertical lines.
Kylix FS 258, 259

Seventeen kylix sherds were found with the deposit, all of types antedating L.H. IIIB. They
have been included in the table, FIG. 4, for reference. They are short, ringed stems as in use in
L.H. IIIA I; L.H. IIIA 2 monochrome bases; monochrome goblet rims; a horizontal flower
typical of L.H. IIIA 2, and a rather crude voluted flower. These serve only to emphasize the
absence of decorated kylikes in L.H. IIIB 2.
Deep Bowl FS 284

Seventy per cent of all the patterned sherds in the deposit can be assigned to deep bowls of
three different types. This figure is typical of deposits of L.H. IIIB 2 date. Several deep bowls of
each type can be reconstructed in drawings, and the information these provide is especially
important.
Group A Deep Bowl (FIG. 9, PLATE 58a)
Over one hundred patterned and linear sherds can be assigned to deep bowls of Group A:
that is to say, to deep bowls with a thin band at the rim and a single thicker band or group of
312 K. A. WARDLE
fine lines below the decorated panel.3s There may be an extra band below the rim inside, and
the ring base with a group of fine lines on the interior is typical. These bowls usually have a
simple globular body with flaring rim, and most have rim diameters of about o- I6 m. It must be
emphasized that many of these deep bowls are indistinguishable from those in use in L.H.
IIIB I. Almost all of the pieces identified are decorated with some form of panelled pattern,
usually in a fairly simple form. Larger deposits from Tiryns and from Mycenae show a greater
variety of patterns, but the panelled type is again dominant.36 This deposit contains only a
single example of an antithetic spiral pattern and no example of either wide or narrow circum-
current patterns such as running spiral or quirk, although these are present in small numbers in
the overlying levels.37
The simplest form of decoration on these deep bowls is represented by a single example, 36,
where the triglyphs consist of identical vertical zigzags. More common are the fragments
where the central triglyph is composed of vertical lines with joining semicircles along the inside
of each group, 37-40, 47. Several rim sherds show chevron patterns such as 55: these are prob-
ably the accessory triglyphs for such complex patterns as 41-3. Half-rosettes flanking the central
triglyph occur, 44 and 45, as in the other groups of L.H. IIIB 2 date, in contrast to their in-
frequency in L.H. IIIB i material.38 Elaboration of the central triglyph, as in the fine example,
42, with lozenges, is unusual in this material but there are a few fragments which should be of
this type, 48-52. Some accessorial triglyphs have chevron fill in place of the normal vertical
zigzag, 53 and 54. The only fill pattern I could identify was the opposed U-pattern placed,
presumably, in the centre of the panel.39
The over-all impression given by all these pieces is of increasing standardization, especially by
comparison with material of L.H. IIIB I date. The absence of the whorl-shell motif is another
indicator of the tendency towards linear and geometric patterns in L.H. IIIB 2.
36. Deep bowl, fragmentary; pinkish-buff fabric. D. rim o-x6 m. FS 284, globular bowl with splaying rim, horizontal loop
handle. Orange-red paint, band over rim and below rim in, broad band below panel, three blobs on handle; FM 75: Io,
panelled pattern with triglyphs of vertical lines and zigzag. 60-333.
37. Deep
with bowl, fragmentary;
splaying pinkish-buff
rim, small ring fabric band
base. Red paint, withover
polished surface.
rim and belowH.in,o.I24
fivem., D. at
lines rim o-I6
base of m. FS and
panel 284,atglobular
base in, bowl
band
at base out. Central triglyph FM 75:3, two pairs vertical lines with joining semicircle fringe and accessorial triglyph
FM 75: 10, vertical zigzag between vertical lines. 60-314.
38. Deep
rim.bowl,
Dark fragmentary;
brown paint, pinkish-buff
band over rimfabric with polished
and below surface.
in, broad D. rimpanel
band below o" I6 and
m. FS
at 284,
base,globular bowllines
seven fine withatsplaying
base in.
Central triglyph FM 75: 3, two pairs vertical lines with joining semicircle fringe, accessorial triglyph FM 75: Io, vertical
zigzag between vertical lines. 6o-312.
39. Deep
and bowl, fragmentary;
horizontal pinkish-buff
loop handle. fabric,
Dark' brown polished
paint, surface.
band over D. rim
rim and 0o.14
below in,m.
sixFSfine
284,lines
globular
belowbowl with
panel andsplaying
nine at rim
base
in, band at base out with fine line above. Central triglyph FM 75: 3, two pairs vertical lines with joining semicircle fringe,
accessorial panel FM 75: Io, vertical zigzag between vertical lines. 60-311 .
40. Deep bowl, fragmentary; pinkish-buff fabric with polished surface. H. 0-12 m., D. rim o'13-o-I6 (distorted). FS 284,
globular bowl with slightly splaying rim, ring base, horizontal loop handles. Orange-red paint, band over rim and below
in, four lines below panel and band at base, two groups fine lines at base in, three blobs on handle; central triglyph FM
75:3, pair vertical lines with joining semicircle fringe, accessorial triglyph FM 75: 1o, vertical zigzag between vertical
lines. 60-332.
41. Deep bowl, fragmentary; pinkish-buff fabric with polished surface. H. oI i8 m., D. rim c. 0o14 m. (irregular). FS 284,
globular bowl with splaying rim, ring base, horizontal loop handle. Dark brown paint, band over rim and below in,
35 It has been suggested that the use of a single band as 36 e.g. Tiryns figs. I and 2; BSA lxiv (1969) 80 fig. 5, 81
opposed to a group of fine lines on Group A deep bowls fig. 6. 37 e.g. 153, 154, 199--20x.
may be a chronological criterion. As far as I can tell, both 38 BSA lxi (1966) 233; BSA lxiv (1969) 81.
types are equally represented in the groups of L.H. IIIB 39 As FM 29: io but vertically. Cf. BSA lxii (1967) 167
pottery so far studied from Mycenae. fig. 12:45.
36 37
38 39
40 41
S
0I5
I Ic0cms
I I Oc
42 43, 44 45 46
47 48 49 50 51 52
FIGURE 9: Deep Bowl A 53 55 54
314 K. A. WARDLE
seven fine lines below panel and ten at base in, band over base, three blobs on handle; central triglyph FM 75:4, hori-
zontal zigzags between two vertical lines flanked by half-rosettes, accessorial triglyph FM 58: I8, parallel chevrons.
6o-317.
42. Deep bowl, fragmentary; fine buff fabric. D. rim o- I6 -n. FS 284, globular bowl with splaying rim. Dark brown paint,
band over rim and below in; central triglyph FM 75: 14, lozenges between pair vertical lines flanked by half-rosette,
accessorial triglyph FM 58: I8, parallel chevrons. 60-3 18.
43. Deep bowl, fragment; pinkish-buff fabric with polished surface. Red-brown paint, eight fine lines below panel; central
triglyph FM 75: 3, two pairs vertical lines with joining semicircle fringe flanked by half rosettes, accessorial triglyph FM
58: 18, parallel chevrons. 60-316.
44. Deep bowl, fragment; soft pinkish-buff fabric. Splaying rim. Dull red paint, band over rim and below in; central tri-
glyph FM 75:4, horizontal zigzag between two vertical lines with half rosette.
45. Deep bowl, fragment; cream-buff fabric with polished surface. Splaying rim. Black paint, band over rim and below in;
central triglyph of FM 75:3, two pairs vertical lines, with joining semicircle fringe, flanked by half-rosette.
46. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. D. rim o014 m. Splaying rim. Dark brown paint, band over rim and below in; central
triglyph FM 75:4, horizontal zigzags between two pairs vertical lines, accessorial triglyph FM 75: Io, vertical zigzag
between vertical lines. 6o-315-
47. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric with polished surface. D. rim o 18 m. Splaying rim. Red-brown paint, band over rim
and below in; central triglyph FM 75:3, two vertical lines with joining semicircle fill, accessorial triglyph, FM 75: 1o,
vertical zigzag between vertical lines. 6o-3 I3.
48. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. Splaying rim. Dull black paint, band over rim and broad band below in; central
triglyph cf. FM 74:2, scale between two vertical lines.
49. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. Pale brown paint, central triglyph FM 75:9, chevrons with four vertical lines
to left.
50. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. Red-brown paint; wide central triglyph FM 75:5, horizontal zigzags with
seven or more vertical lines to left.
51. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. Red-brown paint, broad band below panel; wide central panel FM 75:5,
horizontal zigzags with five vertical lines to right flanked by multiple half-rosettes.
52. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. Red paint; central triglyph FM 75:8, chevrons with two vertical lines and
multiple half-rosettes either side.
53. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim 0 I17 m. Splaying rim. Dark brown paint, band over rim and below
inside; accessorial triglyph FM 75:9, inverted chevrons between two vertical lines.
54. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. Splaying rim. Brown paint, band over rim and below in; ? accessorial
triglyph FM 75:8, chevrons with pair vertical lines either side.
55. Deep bowl, fragment; polished pinkish-buff fabric. D. rim o 16 m. Splaying rim. Black paint, band over rim and below
in; ? accessorial triglyph FM 58: 18, parallel chevrons.
'Rosette' Bowl (FIG. IO, PLATE 58a)

A small but significant number of deep bowl sherds belong to the type which I have called
the 'rosette' bowl. These, with rim diameters between o- I2 m. and o0 14 m., are rather smaller
than the bowls of Group A and are characterized by the single sea anemone motif (FM 27)
placed in the centre of each face. The dotted rim and handles with five or six blobs (in place of
the three splashes used on bowls of Group A) are typical, while the base is left unpainted. The
dotted rim sherds can be distinguished from those of dippers by their greater size. The fragments
preserved suggest that the vessel shape is very similar to that of Group A bowls. Apart from the
sea anemone, 56-6o, other patterns such as lozenge, 6I and 62, and hatched circle, 63, are
used in the same manner. I could not identify any base with certainty from this type of bowl.
A similar decoration is used on linear bowls of Group A found in the levelling deposits, 195-8,
but these are possibly a later development.
56. Deep bowl, fragment; pink-buff fabric. D. rim o0 I45 m. FS 284, globular body with splaying rim and horizontal loop
handle. Red-brown paint, dots on rim and on handle; cf. FM 27:40, sea anemone.
57. Deep bowl, fragment; polished pinkish-buff fabric. D. rim o014 m. FS 284, globular body, splaying rim, horizontal loop
handle. Red paint, dots on rim and on handle; cf. FM 27:40, sea anemone.
58. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim o.15 m. Splaying rim. Dull black paint, dots on rim; cf. FM 27:42, sea
anemone.
59. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. D. rim o-15 m. Slightly splaying rim. Brown paint, dots on rim; cf. FM 27:39, sea
anemone.
6o. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim o'15 m. Black paint, dots on rim; cf. FM 27:42, sea anemone.
6x. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. Dull black paint, dots on rim; FM 73: 1, lozenge.
62. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric; brown-black paint; cf. FM 73, lozenge.
63. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. Dull black paint; cf. FM 43: I 1, hatched circle.
56 57
58 59 60 " 61 62 63
FIGURE 10 : "Rosette" Bowl
0 5 0lcms
Group B Deep Bowl (FIG. I I, PLATE 58b)

Fifty-seven patterned and linear sherds are from deep bowls of Group B. These are rather
larger and deeper with rim diameters of o 18 m. or greater. The interior is entirely coated with
paint and there is a deep band of paint at the rim on the exterior, 0o03 m. or more in width.
There are two broad bands below the panel and one or two similar bands around the base. The
handles have three splashes of paint on the outer surface. The shape of these bowls is difficult to
reconstruct from the fragments in the deposit, but they seem to have closing globular bodies
with splaying rims, 64-6. Two schemes of decoration are present: panelling as on 64, and
continuous patterns such as 65 and 66. The panelled patterns all use a wide central triglyph
with horizontal, 64, 69, and 70, or vertical, 67 and 68, zigzags flanked by vertical lines. One
example has a central motif of intersecting diagonals with the usual vertical lines on either side,
71. The accessorial triglyphs are varied and include vertical zigzags, 64,72, and 73, or different
types of chevrons, 71, 74, and 75. Two more pieces show rather irregular triglyphs, 76 and 77.
There is one certain example of the type with opposed concentric semicircles on either side of
a central triglyph, 78, and a possible fragment with chevrons, 79. Continuous patterns include
tricurved arch with half-rosette fill, 65 and 66, or with cross fill, 8o, and an elaborate quirk, 81.
There was no identifiable example from a narrow continuous pattern.40 I have also illustrated
two bases from this type of deep bowl, 82 and 83.
40 Tiryns fig. 3: 3; BSA lxiv (1969) 82 fig. 7: 3 and io.
67 68
69 70
64
71 72
73 74 75'
65 76 77 78
79 80 81
82 83
o 5 lOcms
66
FIGURE 11 : Deep Bowl B : Monochrome Interiors
64. Deep bowl, fragmentary; cream-buff fabric. D. rim o020 m., H. c. o'174 m. FS 284, deep globular body, splaying rim,
ring base. Yellow-brown paint, monochrome interior, deep band at rim, two broad bands below panel and at base;
central triglyph FM 75:5, horizontal zigzags between vertical lines flanked by joining semicircle fringe, accessorial
triglyph FM 75: 10, vertical zigzag between two pairs vertical lines.
65. Deep bowl, fragments; polished buff fabric. H. c. o0 17 m., D. rim o0I 7 m. FS 284, deep globular bowl with splaying rim
and ring base. Brown-black paint, monochrome interior with reserved circle at base, deep band at rim, two broad bands
below panel and one at base; FM 62:20, tricurved arch with half-rosette fill in panel.
66. Deep bowl, fragmentary; polished buff fabric. D. rim oI 18 m. FS 284, deep globular body, slightly splaying rim, hori-
zontal loop handle. Red-brown paint, monochrome interior, deep band at rim, two broad bands below panel and one at
lower body, three blobs on handle; FM 62:20, tricurved arch with half-rosette fill in panel. 6o-3I o.
67. Deep bowl, fragments; cream-buff fabric. Black paint, monochrome interior, deep band at rim; FM 75, part of triglyph
of vertical zigzags.
68. Deep bowl, fragment; pale buff fabric. D. rim o- 18 m. Splaying rim. Black paint, monochrome interior, deep band at
rim out; FM 75, part of triglyph of vertical zigzags.
69. Deep bowl, fragment; polished cream-buff fabric. Black paint, monochrome interior, two broad bands below pattern;
central triglyph FM 75:5, horizontal zigzags with vertical lines to right, flanked by joining semicircles.
70. Deep bowl, fragment; pinkish-buff fabric. Worn red paint, monochrome interior, two broad bands below panel; central
triglyph FM 75:5, horizontal zigzags with vertical lines to right.
71. Deep bowl, fragment; worn pinkish-buff fabric. Red paint, monochrome interior, two broad bands below panel; central
triglyph FM 55:2, cross motif between vertical lines, accessorial triglyph FM 75:9, chevrons between two pairs vertical
lines.
72. Deep bowl, fragment; polished pale buff fabric. D. rim 0o20 m. Splaying rim, horizontal loop handle. Red-black paint,
monochrome interior, deep band at rim, splash on handle root; accessorial triglyph, FM 75: 10, vertical zigzag between
six vertical lines.
73. Deep bowl, fragment; cream-buff fabric. Dull brown paint, monochrome interior; accessorial triglyph FM 75: 1o, verti-
cal zigzag between two pairs vertical lines.
74. Deep bowl, fragment; polished pale buff fabric. Red-brown paint, monochrome interior; accessorial triglyph FM 75:9,
chevrons between two pairs vertical lines.
75. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. Yellow-brown paint, monochrome interior; accessorial triglyph FM 75:9, chevrons
between two pairs vertical lines.
76. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. D. rim o 18 m. Splaying rim. Brown-black paint, monochrome interior, deep band at
rim; ? triglyph FM 75, group vertical lines with slanting lines to left.
77. Deep bowl, fragment; pale buff fabric. Black paint, monochrome interior; triglyph FM 74, group vertical lines with
joining semicircle fringe to right.
78. Deep bowl, fragment; pale cream-buff fabric. Yellow-brown paint, monochrome interior; panelled with FM 43:38,
isolated semicircles, beside central triglyph of chevrons between groups vertical lines.
79. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. Yellow-brown paint, monochrome interior; triglyph cf. 78 above, chevrons
between groups vertical lines.
8o. Deep bowl, fragment; pale cream-buff fabric. Dull black paint, monochrome interior, two broad bands below panel;
FM 62:20, tricurved arch with fill of crosses FM 54:7.
8x. Deep bowl, fragment; cream-buff fabric. Brown paint, monochrome interior; FM 48: 12, broad circumcurrent quirk
pattern.
82. Deep
out. bowl, base fragment; yellow-buff fabric. D. base 0.064 m. Ring base. Black paint, monochrome interior, two bands
83. Deep bowl, base fragment; pinkish-buff fabric. D. base 0o071 m. Ring base. Red paint, monochrome interior, perhaps
with a reserved circle, single band at base out.
No fragment could be identified from either of the types of deep bowl which mark the earliest
phase ofL.H. IIIC in the Argolid.4' These are the medium-band deep bowl, with monochrome
interior and unpainted exterior with the exception of a band some 1.5-2 cm. in width at the
rim, and the open-style deep bowl with monochrome interior but in other respects similar to the
Group A bowls described above.
41 AA 1969, 134 ff.
318 K. A. WARDLE
In view of the importance of the deep bowl shape for any study of L.H. IIIB pottery it will
be useful to summarize its history through this period. See also FIG. 5.
A few deep bowls are found in later L.H. IIIA 2 contexts, and seem to use patterns more
familiar on kylikes. Open-style deep bowls of Group A are typical of L.H. IIIB I and tend to
become standardized as they increase in popularity throughout this period. Early examples
have whorl-shell and flower compositions, while the circumcurrent whorl-shell is frequent.
Triglyphs in panelled patterns are often elaborate and relate to the stems of flowers on 'Zy-
gouries' kylikes. Group B and 'rosette' bowls are criteria for the identification of a L.H. IIIB 2
group, but are never as common as the Group A bowls which continue in use. The patterns are
mostly forms of panelling and even more standardized than previously, although new types of
pattern are introduced, particularly continuous patterns of the wide and narrow types. Half-
rosettes are frequent additions to central triglyphs, but whorl-shells are rare. Much work has
still to be carried out on the earliest stage of L.H. IIIC, but it seems probable that Group A
bowls continue in use together with varieties with monochrome interiors, and that Group B
bowls continue for at least a short time. 'Rosette' bowls may disappear, to be replaced by the
medium-band bowl. The monochrome deep bowl is probably a later addition to the series.42
Stemmed Bowl FS 305 (FIG. 12)

Twelve sherds from this shape could be identified on the following criteria: lipped rim,
additional band below the rim outside, two bands below the decorated zone. This small number
of fragments indicate that the patterns used are the same as those on the deep bowls. There are
wide central triglyphs, 84 and 85, spirals and isolated semicircles on a sherd which has a wider
band at the rim in place of the usual two, 86.
84. Stemmed bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. Black paint, band over rim and below outside; central triglyph FM 75:5,
horizontal zigzags with vertical lines to left.
85. Stemmed bowl, fragment; polished pale buff fabric. Black paint, two bands below panel; central triglyph FM 75, group
vertical lines with joining semicircle fringe to right.
86. ? Stemmed bowl, fragment; polished cream-buff fabric. Brown paint, broad band over rim out and below in; FM 43,
isolated semicircles ? opposed in panelled pattern.
Cups, Bowls, Dippers, etc. (FIG. 12)

There are a small number of fragments from linear cups or bowls, but no profile is complete,
nor can any particular class be identified, 87-9g. One of these has a monochrome interior.
Dippers are represented by a single dotted rim and a dimpled base fragment. There is a tiny
piece from a lid, and two from some form of spouted bowl, 93 and 94. Finally there are a large
part of the lower body of a small conical krater, 95, and two painted handles of the type that
belong to shallow rounded or angular bowls.
87. Bowl, fragment; orange-buff fabric. D. rim o 135 m. Globular bowl with flaring rim. Orange-red paint, two bands at rim
in and two irregular broad bands on the body out.
88. Bowl, fragment; pale buff fabric. D. rim o- 8 m. Shallow bowl with splaying rim. Orange-red paint, broad band out at
and over rim.
89. Bowl, fragment; polished pale buff fabric. D. rim o0 54 m. Upright bowl with splaying rim. Orange-red paint, monochrome
interior and broad band at rim out.
go. Bowl, fragment; buff fabric. D. rim o.I8 m. Rounded bowl with lipped rim. Dull red paint, band at rim out.
42 Monochrome stemmed bowls occur, though infre- difficult to distinguish sherds from this shape from those of
quently, from L.H. IIIA 2 onwards, and it is sometimes deep bowls.
gz. Cup, fragment; pale buff fabric. Rounded bowl with vertical strap handle. Glossy brown paint, band at level of handle
in.
92. Dipper, fragment; red buff fabric. D. rim 0oo085 m. FS 209, globular bowl with flaring rim. Red paint, dots along rim.
93. Spouted bowl, fragment; greenish-buff fabric. Long slender spout at rim. Brown paint, two lines on rim, band on either
side of spout.
94. Bowl,
below. rim fragment, ? cf. spouted bowl. D. rim o. Ix m. Lipped rim. Brown paint, chevrons on rim and irregular band
95. Conical krater, fragmentary; buff fabric. D. base 0-04 m. Small conical body with flat base. Orange-red paint, linear in
and out.
84 85 86 87 88
89 90 91 92 93 94 ]95
96 97 98 99 100 101
0 5 lOcms
FIGURE 12 : Stemmed Bowl, Cup/Bowl, Miniature Hand-made
Miniature Hand-made Vessels (FIG. 12)

Closed shapes are best represented and include a small globular jug shoulder with vertical
quirk pattern, 96, which imitates the large wheel-made jug (FS 136), and two linear jar necks,
97 and 98. There are two askoi decorated with irregular vertical lines, 99 and Ioo, and the stem
of a tiny goblet, ioI.
96. Miniature jug, fragmentary; grey-buff fabric. D. max. c. o-og m. cf. FS 136, globular shape with vertical handle from
shoulder. Dark brown paint, band below shoulder and panelled shoulder with vertical lines and FM 48:15, vertical
quirk.
97. Miniature jar, fragment; orange-buff fabric. D. rim o0o6 m. Globular body with collar neck. Red paint, band on neck
and shoulder.
98. Miniature jar, fragment; orange-buff fabric. Globular body, splaying neck. Red paint, band on neck and shoulder.
99. ? Miniature askos, fragment; pale buff fabric. D. rim o1I2 m. Cf. FS 194, irregular closing shape. Black paint, band
along rim, irregular vertical lines below. (Section reversed in drawing.)
zoo. Miniature askos, fragment; buff fabric. Cf. FS 194, sack askos. Red-brown paint, band round spout and irregular
vertical lines on upper body.
zox. Miniature goblet, fragment; pale buff fabric. D. base 0-024 m. Pedestal foot. Brown paint, line on foot and at base of
bowl.
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THE UNPAINTED POTTERY FROM THE CAUSEWAY DEPOSIT
Over 3,500 unpainted feature and body sherds were recovered during the excavation of the
deposit. These were recorded in the pottery notebooks and a large part of the material was then
discarded. No profiles were reconstructed at that time, and it was not possible with the sample
remaining at the time of my detailed study to determine if whole vessels had originally been
present or not. For these reasons little can be added to the information about the unpainted
pottery in L.H. IIIB provided by the group that I have already published.43 I have charted the
occurrence of the different types in FIG. 14, and illustrated some fragments in FIG. 15.
FIG. 14. TABLE TO SHOW NUMBERS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF UNPAINTED WARE
Rims Handles Bases Body sherds
Cooking-pot 31 22 7
Ladle I
Coarse jar 6
Dish or vat I 3 J-278
Piriform jar FS 35 I lug I
Amphorae, jugs etc. 8 20 42
Lipless bowl FS 204 20
Mug FS 226 I 3
Dipper FS 236 2 I
Kylix [ rounded-conical FS 265 212~ x151 05
carinated FS 267 xo06 +6 high
Shallow cup FS 222 L
Shallow angular bowl FS 295 3 5 39
Shallow bowl or basin FS 295 3 4
Deep bowl FS 284 2 ?6
Spouted bowl 3
Lid I
Miscellaneous I - 2544
Totals 395 179 208 2822

Total number of sherds 3604
NOTE Possible sources of confusion between:

(a) Rims of rounded kylix and of shallow cup.
(b) Rims of carinated kylix and shallow angular bowl.
(c) Handles of kylix and of shallow cup.
(d) Bases of shallow angular bowl and shallow cup.
There is a striking difference in the proportions of painted and unpainted wares between the
present group and that already published. In the earlier group there were nine unpainted sherds
for every painted one, while in the later group there are only half this number for each painted
sherd.44 This may be of chronological significance, for a first impression of early L.H. IIIC
levels at Mycenae suggests that these contain an even greater proportion of painted sherds.
Presumably painted pottery was becoming more popular during this period.
The three qualities of fabric noted for the L.H. IIIB I group are all present, but I have no
information about their relative frequency.4S In the sample available to me it seemed that the
rather rougher greenish fabric which is common in L.H. IIIC was more frequent than in the
L.H. IIIB I group. The kylix is still by far the most common shape and accounts for nearly
43 BSA lxiv (g969) 280 ff. 44 Loc. cit. 28o n. 37; above p. 304 n. 25. 45 Loc. cit. 281.
three-quarters of the feature sherds and half the bases. Twice as many sherds can be attributed
to the rounded-conical kylix as to the carinated form, but no example of a true conical kylix
was noted or preserved. Six fragments are from high kylix handles. Examination of bases other
than those of the kylix showed that closed shapes were not quite as common as open ones. There
are a fair number of sherds from amphorae and cooking-pots, but this need not indicate a very
great number of these big vessels. Surprisingly, no example of the shallow semi-globular cup was
recorded, though several bases could be from this shape. There are a number of fragments from
the other shape which was common in the L.H. IIIB I deposit, the shallow angular bowl. Other
vessel forms represented in the causeway deposit were the ladle and the vat in coarser fabric, and
examples of dipper, lipless bowl, mug, piriform jar, and shallow bowl or basin in the fine ware.
S0m 4m 09m m .14m 13m 18m r 12m .4Om .,, /' -/
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110

.14m 1L4m
c 30m
.18m
111 115 114 112 113
FIGURE 15 : Unpainted Pottery 0 5 lOcms
The ring bases are probably from deep bowls and might well be from the 'rosette' bowl discussed
above. No goblet rims were recorded in this material, which is another indication of the purity
of the deposit.
I have illustrated a variety of amphora rims, usually in buff or greenish-buff fabric, Io2-7,
two different forms of cooking-pit rim, io8 and Iog, a vat rim with horizontal handle, 11o, and
a coarse ware hole-mouth jar with large finger-impressed cordon below the rim, Ix z. There are
two different spouts from some kind of bowl, II2 and 113, a deep bowl base in polished fabric,
I:14, and a straight-sided lid, i 15.
EARLIER SHERD MIATERIAL PRESENT IN THE CAUSEWAY DEPOSIT46
This deposit contains a remarkably small proportion of sherds assignable to L.H. IIIA 2 or
earlier, especially in comparison with the overlying levels which have two or three times this
quantity of early material.47 Kylikes are not included here but have been discussed with the
deposit proper (p. 311). There is no material which is unquestionably L.H. IIIB I in date,
although many of the fragments in the deposit could be found in a L.H. IIIB I group.
Middle Helladic Four Grey Minyan sherds and one matt-painted.
Late Helladic I and II Vapheio cup with foliate band, cups with spirals.
Late Helladic IIIA Stippled cup, stemmed spiral, and grooved mug. Also, probably,
linear rhyton fragments.
46 This account is partly based on notes made at the time of the original sorting, when obviously early sherds were
discarded; and partly based on my own identification of earlier sherds amongst the kept material. 47 See ino. 16.
324 K. A. WARDLE
FIG. 16. TABLE TO SHOW THE DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF SHERDS EARLIER THAN L.H. IIIB IN
EACH STRATUM
Predestruction Causeway Destruction Levelling

deposit deposit debris
Total number of patterned and 425 854 188 535

linear sherds counted
Sherds earlier than J As number 42 29 13 6o
L.H. IIIB J As % 9'9 3'4 6-9 I1.2
Kylix
ncluding
fragments As number 46 19 19 36
2) As % 10o8 2"2 10o1 6-7
Percentages of main vessel types,
based on patterned sherds only:
Kylix 15'5 I I 5'4 8-3
Deep bowl A 1o'4 35'4 320o 25'o
Deep bowl B o0o x8-3 5'4 o09
Rosette bowl I'3 o'9 2"7 5'5
POTTERY FROM THE STRATA TO THE NORTH OF THE SOUTH HOUSE
I have attempted, in the account that follows, to illustrate the character of the pottery found
in each of the strata related to the Causeway deposit. In PLATES 58-60 and in FIGS. 17-21 I have
illustrated sherds which show the date at which each level was deposited or show the nature of
the earlier pottery present in each level.48 Surprisingly, the number of earlier sherds is greatest
in the later levels, as demonstrated in the table, FIG. 16, where I have also shown the frequencies
of kylikes and the different types of deep bowl in each level.49
Pottery from Levels Antedating the Destruction (A)50 (PLATE 58c, d, FIG. 17)
The levels below the destruction debris were explored in both 1959 and 1960, but were only
accurately separated in the latter year. It is possible that some of the pottery from 1959 which
I have treated as antedating the destruction should properly belong to the destruction debris.
For this reason I have illustrated selected sherds from each year separately (1959, PLATE 58c;
1960, PLATE 58d).
This pottery gives the impression of a wide range covering the whole of the Late Helladic
period up to the middle of L.H. IIIB. Nearly Io per cent of the sherds can be assigned to L.H.
IIIA 2 or earlier. In the levels which are sufficiently pure to justify analysis, kylikes form over
15 per cent of the patterned sherds, while deep bowls account for about 12 per cent. The levels
include two fragments of rosette bowls and one from a Group B deep bowl, out of a total of 385
identifiable patterned or linear sherds. Rather more Group B fragments were recovered from the
levels excavated in 1959, but this may indicate their contamination (II6-i9).
Group A deep bowls include those with simple panel patterns, or with more elaborate types,
such as 20o and 132, and also examples with whorl-shell patterns, 121. Whorl-shells are also
prominent on kylikes, 137-9, and kraters, 124, 125, 143, and 144. An elaborate spiral pattern
on a krater fragment, 126, is perhaps of L.H. IIIA 2 date, as are also several kylix fragments,
48 Most of the sherds are illustrated in the PLATES and A. Pre-destruction deposit: 16, 17, 43, 44, 46, 48.
have their profiles, where these are informative, shown in C. Causeway deposit: 8-11 .
the FIGURES. D. Destruction debris: 7, 21, 24, 25, 27, 39, 47.
49 The following levels were considered pure enough to E. Levelling: 29-33, 45.
ustify the figures given in this table (all from I96o): so Cf. the account of each stratum given above, pp. 301 f.
mono(mono
in (/ in I
116 119 120 121 122 125 128 132 133 135 136 143
14 8
145 14 6 147
a
149
a b
b a
0 5 10 cms
FIGURE 17 :
Profiles from
Predestruction Levels
see PLATES
b a
326 K. A. WARDLE
127 and I28. Two large pieces of Zygouries kylikes, 145 and 146, were found in a level of sherds
which underlay the threshold to Room I, and were well below the foundations of the causeway.
These suggest that this part of the South House was constructed after the beginning of L.H.
IIIB 1.51 Two unpainted profiles were also recovered from this mass of pottery: a carinated
kylix, 147, and a shallow cup, x48. I have also illustrated fragments of an open-ended tray,
149, similar to that mentioned in the L.H. IIIB i group from Room 3, and to pieces from
Pylos.52
Catalogue of Pottery Illustrated in PLATE 58c and FIG. 17

x16. Deep bowl, fragment; pale buff fabric. D. rim o-2I m. FS 284, deep globular body, splaying rim, horizontal loop
handle. Brown paint, monochrome interior, deep band over rim and below panel; FM 58: 18, parallel chevrons.
117. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. Orange-brown paint, monochrome interior; two bands below panel; central tri-
glyph FM 75: 5, horizontal zigzag between groups vertical lines and joining semicircle fringe.
Ix8. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. Yellow-brown paint, monochrome interior; part of central triglyph FM 75,
group vertical lines with joining semicircle fringe.
xg9. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. D. rim o02o m. FS 284, with splaying rim. Dull red paint, monochrome interior, deep
band over rim; ? part of central triglyph with fill of FM 42, joining semicircles.
120. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim o'I5 m. Splaying rim. Dark-brown paint, band over rim and one
below in; central triglyph FM 75: 14, lozenges between two pairs vertical lines with half-rosette to one side.
121. Deep bowl, fragment; pinkish-buff fabric. D. rim o.I6 m. Splaying rim. Dull red paint, band over rim and one below
in; FM 23, fat whorl-shell.
122. Bowl fragment; buff fabric. Black paint, band at rim out; spiraliform motif.
123. ?Bowl fragment; pinkish-buff fabric. Red paint, FM 61, neat vertical zigzag with ?lines above.
124. Krater fragment; buff fabric. Everted rim. Dull red paint, band over rim and below; FM 23, pair antithetic whorl-
shells.
125. Krater fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim c. o'3o m. Everted rim. Dark brown paint, band over rim; FM 23, single
whorl-shell.
126. Krater fragment; buff fabric. Orange-brown paint, band below panel; FM 46, elaborate running spiral with fill.
127. ? Kylix fragment, polished pale buff fabric. Dark brown paint, four lines below pattern; ? derivative of FM 24, linked
whorl-shells.
128. Kylix fragment, pinkish-buff fabric. D. rim o.I8 m. Upright bowl with slightly everted rim. Red paint, band over rim;
FM 62, tricurved arch with circle fill.
x29. Piriform jar, shoulder fragment; buff fabric. Black paint, broad band above and below handle zone, fine lines below;
FM 61, zigzag, in handle zone.
130. Stirrup jar, shoulder fragment; buff fabric. Black paint, broad band below shoulder zone; FM 27, sea anemone.
131. ? Closed vessel, shoulder fragment; polished pale buff fabric. Black paint, FM 18, elaborate flower.
Catalogue of Pottery Illustrated in PLATE 58d and FIG. 17

132. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim o-2o m. Globular body, splaying rim. Orange-red paint, band over
rim and below in; central triglyph FM 75, irregular horizontal lines in groups between pair vertical lines and similarly
grouped joining semicircle fringe, accessory triglyph FM 58: i8, parallel chevrons.
133. Stemmed
over and bowl,
inside fragment; reddish
rim, one hand fabric
below out. slipped buff. D. rim o022 m. Lipped rim. Orange-brown paint, broad band
134. ?Deep bowl, fragment; pinkish-buff fabric. Red paint, triglyph FM 75:8, chevrons between vertical lines. (Shown
upside down in photograph.)
135. Bowl fragment; pale buff fabric. Brown paint, band at rim; FM 43, isolated semicircles pendent from rim.
136. ? Krater fragment; buff fabric. Everted rim. Red-brown paint, band and reserved line above pattern and band in;
?FM 52, isolated spirals with fill of FM 73, lozenge.
137. Kylix, body fragment; pale buff fabric. Orange-red paint; FM 23, circumcurrent whorl-shells with fill ornament FM
27: 17, sea anemone.
51 See n. 23. s2 BSA lxiv (1969) 293; C. W. Blegen and M. Rawson, The Palace ofNestor i. 418 figs. 397, 398.
138. Kylix fragment; polished buff fabric. Orange-red paint; FM 23, whorl-shell.
139. Kylix fragment; polished buff fabric. Orange-red paint; FM 23, whorl-shell.
x4o. Stirrup jar, fragment; polished pale buff fabric. Black paint, alternate zones of bands and fine lines; body zone of vertical
zigzag with line above, shoulder zone of FM 18, flower.
141. ? Closed vessel, shoulder fragment; grey-buff fabric. Red paint, spiraliform pattern with fill FM 25, bivalve shell.
x42. ? Krater fragment; polished buff fabric. Orange-brown paint; ?FM 3:12, bull, with circle fill.
x43. Krater fragment; pale buff fabric. D. rim c. o-28 m. Everted rim. Dull red-brown paint, broad band over rim in and
out; FM 23, whorl-shell.
x44. Krater fragment; pinkish-buff fabric. Dull red paint, band by handle; FM 23, whorl-shell.
Pottery Illustrated in FIG. I7 only

145. Kylix, 'Zygouries' type, fragmentary; polished greenish-buff fabric. H. o-185 m., D. rim o01g m. FS 258A, shallow
rounded bowl with slight lip, vertical loop handle, long stem, concave disc base with central hollow. Dark brown paint;
free-fill decoration in middle of one side; FM 18:15, voluted flower. 60-307-
146. Kylix, 'Zygouries' type, fragmentary; polished buff fabric. D. base o-og m. Tall stem, concave disc base with central
hollow. Brown paint, free-fill decoration in middle of each side; FM 18, stem of voluted flower. 60-308.
147. Kylix, carinated, fragmentary; polished pink-buff fabric. H. o0127 m., D. rim o012 m. FS 267, conical bowl with
carination and lipped rim, vertical loop handle, short stem concave disc base with central hollow. 60-3o4.
.48. Cup, shallow, fragmentary; pinkish-buff fabric. H. o0o33 m., D. rim o0I 7 m. FS 22o, semiglobular bowl, vertical loop
handle, concave raised base. 60-405.
x49. Rectangular tray, fragments; pale buff clay with grit and straw filler, poorly fired. H. with legs oIxa2 m., without
0o07 m. Flat tray with three sides and one open end; flat rectangular legs at ?each corner, slight grooves on upper
edges. 60-406.
The following pieces were also registered in 1959, but are not illustrated by me.
59-1Ix Fragment of large domestic stirrup jar; gritty pink fabric with smooth buff slip. Ovoid shape. Orange paint, bands
on body, star on false-neck disc.
59-25o Fragment of large receptacle; gritty buff fabric. Angular upright rim.
Pottery from the Destruction Debris (D) (PLATE 59, FIGS. 18 and I9)
Despite the large quantities of burnt stone, mud-brick, and rubble removed from the area to
the north of the South House in 1959 and 1960, the amount of pottery recovered was com-
paratively small. This confirms the impression that all this rubble derives from the collapse of
a building on the terrace above with no significant admixture of household rubbish.
The character of the pottery is, in general, L.H. IIIB, with the addition of some 7 per cent of
earlier material, but a number of sherds datable to L.H. IIIB 2. Deep bowls account for 40 per
cent of patterned sherds in the pure levels, while only 6 per cent of the sherds are from kylikes.
Group B deep bowls are reasonably frequent, 166-9, and 'rosette' bowl fragments are present,
x6x and A62.
Group A deep bowls are the most frequent class and include whorl-shell, i57 and x63, and
panelled patterns, 151, 158-6o, 165. There are also a number of spiral and antithetic spiral
patterns, hardly represented in the causeway deposit, 15o, 155, 164. The narrow patterns found
on 153 and 154 are not represented in that deposit, but there is good reason to believe that these
are also of L.H. IIIB 2 date.s3 The vertical quirk on the small deep bowl, 152, and the elabora-
tion of 156 are both unusual.
Stemmed bowls are comparatively common and include the types of decoration normal for
L.H. IIIB: spirals 171, 172, 176; triglyphs 173-5; isolated semicircles I77; while the elaborate
s3 These patterns have not been found on deep bowls in i56 fig. 7. The pattern is, however, found on Group B deep
L.H. IIIB i deposits, though a very similar decoration is bowls (see n. 40 above) and on stemmed bowls of L.H.
found on two hybrid shallow cups with horizontal loop IIIB 2 date: Tiryns i44 fig. 4. 4; BSA lxiv (x969) 81 pl.
handles from the House of the Sphinxes: BSA lxii (1967) Igb. I.
328 K. A. WARDLE
spirals of 170 perhaps date to L.H. IIIA 2. Kylikes are chiefly ornamented with whorl-shells,
i8o and i8i, but include an example of the 'Zygouries' type, 179, and some that are clearly
L.H. IIIA 2, I78. The two mug fragments are interesting but need not be contemporary with
the destruction. One sherd from a 'medium band' deep bowl, I86, was apparently found towards
the bottom of the destruction debris. This is the only sign of a type which seems to come into
fashion at the beginning of the L.H. IIIC period.
The closed shapes from the destruction debris are not particularly informative, but I have
included fragments from a stirrup-jar shoulder, I89, and a straight-sided alabastron, 19go, as
well as two small fragments from closed vessels, 184 and 185. A small hand-made jug conforms
to a type well known in L.H. IIIB contexts, IgI.
Kraters are rare throughout this area, but the destruction debris included five scattered
fragments of a single figured krater which is of especial importance, 192 (PLATE 59c). Unfortu-
nately, these fragments were not recognized during the excavation, and their position is known
only roughly. It is possible that one fragment came from a level corresponding to the material
lying on the causeway, but this is not sufficiently certain to justify dating the sherds by their
context to L.H. IIIB 2. As with the rest of the pottery from the destruction debris, and indeed
with that from the later levelling, we can say no more than that this was deposited in L.H.
IIIB 2 but could date to L.H. IIIB i or even earlier.
These fragments depict a chariot scene and can be attributed to a well-known painter. The
inclusion of a parasol, a feature which is very unusual in Mycenaean art, adds greatly to its
interest. These pieces are fully discussed byJoost Crouwel in his appendix to this article, p. 343.
These sherds were previously illustrated by Lord William Taylour in a preliminary report of
the Citadel House excavation.54 Included in that illustration is a piece from a double handle
decorated with irregular vertical lines, I93. At that time it was thought to belong to the krater,
but the fragment is somewhat coarser, and the treatment of the inner surface totally unlike that
of the other pieces; although this type of handle is possible on such a krater, I do not believe
that it is from this vessel.
Another interesting find from this debris, which can be set beside the evidence for writing
obtained from this part of the Citadel House excavations,ss is the handle of a 'Canaanite'
amphora which was inscribed with a linear sign, 194, PLATE 59d.56
Catalogue of Pottery Illustrated in PLATE 59a and FIG. 8

150o. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim o014 m. FS 284, globular bowl with splaying rim. Orange-brown
paint, band on rim and below inside, band below panel; cf. FM 46:57, running spiral.
15x. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim o-i8 m. Splaying rim. Orange-red paint, band over rim and below
inside; half triglyph FM 75:3, two pairs vertical lines with joining semicircle fringe inside.
152. Deep
bandbowl,
over fragment; polished
rim and below in, buff
band fabric. D. rimtriglyphs
below panel; o. I I m. FS
FM284,
48:globular bowlquirk
I5, vertical with chain.
splaying rim. Dark brown paint,
153. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. D. rim oI 16 m. Splaying rim, horizontal loop handle. Dark brown paint, irregular
band over rim, splash on handle root; narrow horizontal band of ?FM 45, U-pattern.
154. Deep bowl, fragment; greenish-buff fabric. D. rim o0I4 m. Splaying rim. Black paint, band over rim and below in;
narrow horizontal band FM 73:k, cross-hatched lozenge. (FIG. I8 only.)
155. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. Orange-brown paint, band below panel; cf. FM 50:6, antithetic spiral with central
triglyph of horizontal zigzag between two pairs vertical lines.
156. Deep-bowl, fragment; pale polished buff fabric. Brown paint, group fine lines below panel; FM 75, elaborate panel
pattern with wavy border FM 65.
54 MT iii fig. 78. 55 n. IO.

56 A. Furumark, The Mycenaean Pottery, Classification and Analysis 74.
/150 151 152 153 154 158 160 161 163 164 167
170 172 173
162 17 1 174 V 175
189
178 179 183 188 0 5 llcms 190
191 193 194
FIGURE 18 : Profiles etc. from Destruction

Debris : see PLATES
157. Deep bowl, fragment; polished pinkish-buff fabric. Red paint, group fine lines below panel; circumcurrent pattern
FM 23, whorl-shells with zigzag fill.
:58. Deep bowl, fragment; greyish-buff fabric. Splaying rim. Dark brown paint, band over rim, and below in; accessorial
triglyph FM 75:9, chevrons between pair vertical lines.
159. Deep bowl, fragment; grey fabric. Black paint, shading to yellow, band below panel; accessorial triglyph FM 75: 10o,
vertical zigzag between two pairs vertical lines.
x6o. Deep bowl, fragment; grey-buff fabric. D. rim 0o14 m. Splaying rim. Brown paint, band over rim and below in; central
triglyph cf. FM 75:3, joining semicircle fringe between pair vertical lines.
i6i. Deep bowl, fragment; smoothed pink-buff fabric. D. rim o 12 m. Splaying rim. Red paint, dots on rim; single motif
FM 27, sea anemone.
262. Deep bowl, fragment; polished slightly greenish-buff fabric. D. rim o013 m. FS 284, small globular bowl with splaying
rim and horizontal loop handle. Dark brown paint, dots on rim and on handle; single motif FM 27, cf. FM I17, sea
anemone. (FIG. 18 only.)
x63. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. D. rim o-15 m. Splaying rim. Orange-red paint, band over rim; FM 23, elaborate
whorl-shell.
330 K. A. WARDLE
x64. ? Deep bowl, fragment; pink-buff fabric. Slightly splaying rim. Red paint, band at rim out; FM 5o, antithetic spiral
pattern.
x65. Deep bowl, fragment; polished cream-buff fabric. Orange-brown paint, group fine lines below panel; central triglyph
cf. FM 75:14, lozenges between two pairs vertical lines with joining semicircle fringe.
i66. Deep bowl, fragment; yellow-buff fabric. Brown paint, monochrome interior; FM 75: 1, group vertical lines with added
half-rosette.
i67. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. Splaying rim. Dark brown paint, monochrome interior, deep band at rim out; part of
central triglyph with FM 42, joining semicircle fill, cf. FM 70, scale.
368. Deep bowl, fragment; cream-buff fabric. Orange-red paint, monochrome interior, band at rim out and two below
panel; FM 43, opposed isolated semicircles.
x69. Deep bowl, fragment; grey-buff fabric. Red-brown paint, monochrome interior, band above and two below panel;
FM 62, tricurved arch with isolated semicircle fill.
Catalogue of Pottery Illustrated in PLATE 59b and FIG. 18
70o. Stemmed
below in, bowl, fragment;
band below red FM
rim out; fabric, polished buff
46, elaborated slip. spiral.
running D. rim o. i8 m. Lipped rim. Brown paint, band over rim and
171. Stemmed bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim o-22 m. Slightly lipped rim. Yellow-brown paint, band over rim
and below in, band below rim out; ?FM 46, running spiral.
172. Stemmed bowl, fragment; greenish-buff fabric. Lipped rim. Dull brown paint, band over rim and below out; FM 46,
running spiral. (PIG. 18 only.)
173. Stemmed bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. Lipped rim. Orange-red paint, band over rim and below out; central
triglyph FM 75, group vertical lines with joining semicircle fringe. (FIG. 18 only.)
174. Stemmed bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim o'I3 m. Lipped rim. Orange-brown paint, band over rim and
below out; central triglyph FM 75:5, horizontal zigzag between groups vertical lines. (FIG. I8 only.)
175. Stemmed bowl, fragment; grey-buff fabric. D. rim o 16 m. Lipped rim. Dull brown paint, band over rim and below in,
band at rim out; central triglyph FM 75:3, joining semicircle fringe between two pairs vertical lines. (FIG. I8 only.)
176. Stemmed bowl, fragment; buff fabric. Dark brown paint, two bands below panel; FM 5o, antithetic spiral pattern.
177. Stemmed bowl, fragment; buff fabric. Brown paint, two bands below panel; FM 43: 38, isolated semicircles in panelled
pattern.
178. Kylix fragment; pale buff fabric. D. rim o-I8 m. Deep bowl with slightly everted rim. Orange-red paint; band at rim
out and below panel; FM I9, groups multiple stem.
179. 'Zygouries' kylix fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim oix8 m. Shallow bowl with lipped rim. Orange-red paint;
? part of FM 18, hybrid flower.
x8o. Kylix fragment; polished pale buff fabric. Black paint, FM 23, pair antithetic whorl-shells with fill FM 27, sea anemone.
x8x. Kylix fragment; pinkish-buff fabric. Orange-red paint; FM 23, tails of whorl shells.
x82. Kylix fragment; polished pale buff fabric. Brown paint, FM 23, fat whorl-shell.
x83. Bowl fragment; pale buff fabric. Orange-brown paint, band over rim and at belly; FM 53, horizontal wavy line.
x84. Fragment closed vessel; burnt-grey fabric. Black paint; elaborate scale pattern.
x85. Fragment closed vessel; grey-buff fabric. Orange-brown paint, unidentifiable pattern.
x86. Bowl fragment; buff fabric. Orange-red paint, monochrome interior and medium band at rim out.
x87. Mug fragment; polished buff fabric. Brown paint, two bands above panel and one below; FM 46: 19, running spiral.
i88. Mug fragment; red-buff fabric with pale-buff slip. Concave sides, rounded base. Brown paint, two bands below panel;
panelled pattern with repeated triglyph FM 75:9, chevrons between two pairs vertical lines, fill FM 27, sea anemone.
x8g. Stirrup jar, shoulder fragment; polished buff fabric. Orange-red paint, group of nine fine lines on shoulder; body zone
of broken horizontal zigzag between lines, shoulder zone, FM 18, flower. (FIG. I8 only.)
xgo. Square-sided alabastron, body fragment; pale buff fabric. D. max. o I I5 m. Slightly concave sides with angle above
and below, loop handle. Black paint, alternate bands and lines on base of neck, upper and lower body; unidentifiable
pattern on shoulder. (FIG. 18 only.)
igI. Miniature hand-made jug; buff fabric. D. rim o0o3I m., D. max. o0o53 m. Globular body, cylindrical neck, basket
handle. Black paint, band at rim, base of neck and belly; FM 42, joining semicircles at neck and dotting above belly
band. (FIG. I8 only.)
A GROUP OF LATE HELLADIC IIIB 2 POTTERY FROM MYCENAE 33I
Krater Fragments Illustrated in PLATE 59c and Reconstructed in FIG. 19. See appendix to this article,
P. 343.
z92. Krater fragment; fine buff fabric with lightly polished surface. D. rim c. 0o52 m. FS 281, upright body with large everted
rim and groove below rim. Brown paint, band over rim and below in, band below rim out. Chariot scene painted
over the linear decoration; (a) hindquarters and tail of horse facing right, with small part of chariot-pole system; (b)
heads of two men facing right with trace of third; between the first two there is the shaft of a parasol with shade painted
la
0 5 10cms
ii
iii
...
FIGURE 19: Fragments of Chariot Krater with Parasol 192

Drawings to illustrate reconstructions discussed by
Joost Crouwel
on the banding above; (c) traces of two curls with horizontal feature below. The whole design is embellished with
zigzag lines and dots in added white paint. 59-11I.
193. ? Krater, handle fragment; greenish-buff fabric. Roots of double horizontal loop handle, grooving on interior surface of
sherd. Brown paint, line below handles, short line between; irregular vertical lines below, on and between handles.
59-11 . (IoG. I8 only.)
194. 'Canaanite' amphora, handle fragment; gritty brick-red fabric. FS 13a, cylindrical body with angular shoulder, heavy
vertical handle. The handle was incised after firing with a linear sign k. 60-21-4. (PLATE 59d and rIG. 18.)
332 K. A. WARDLE
Pottery from the Levelling Material and Later Wash (E) (PLATE 60oa, b, FIG. 20)
Pottery is more frequent in these levels than in the destruction debris proper, and earlier
sherds are even more frequent than in the deposits which antedated the destruction. This
suggests that levelling material was brought from a part of the site where L.H. IIIA deposits were
still preserved, or that a terrace higher up the slope had collapsed, releasing material of this
date. L.H. IIIB pottery is common, and a reasonable number of sherds can be assigned to the
later part of this period. No clear boundary was observed during the excavation between this
stratum and the levels of L.H. IIIC date which overlay it, but the character of the pottery from
each of these two deposits is sufficiently different to imply a break in the sequence, or, at least,
that there was not a steady accumulation lasting into L.H. IIIC. No unmistakable L.H. IIIC
sherds were included in the levels considered here.
195 196 197 //199 200 202 204 205 206 209 210 211
1213 21z 215 217 218 "'219 221 222 223

I I 0 I I I I cm
0 5 10cms
FIGURE 20: Profiles from
225 226
Levelling : see PLATES
Two types of deep bowl occur in these levels which were not found in the Causeway deposit.
Group A deep bowls with a narrow horizontal motif, such as 199-20, were also found in the
destruction debris and are probably of L.H. IIIB 2 date, while there are normal linear Group A
bowls which have adopted the sea-anemone motif used on 'rosette' bowls, x95-8. These may
only have come into use after the destruction. There are a small number of Group B deep bowls,
205-8, as well as a few examples of the 'rosette' bowl proper. Group A deep bowls are, as usual,
decorated with panelled or antithetic spiral patterns, 209-16, which could be as well assigned
to L.H. IIIB i as to L.H. IIIB 2. The linked whorl-shell pattern, 214, on the other hand, should
be early, while the irregular panelling on 203 is probably from the later part of the period. Early
kylix fragments are numerous, 218-19, 221-3. Fragments of vessels less frequent than the deep
bowl or the kylix add little to our knowledge of types current in this period.
Catalogue of Pottery Illustrated in PLATE 4a and FIG. 20

195. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim o014 m. Brown paint, band over rim; central motif FM 27:48, sea
anemone.
396. Deep bowl, fragment; polished greenish-buff fabric. D. rim o0I5 m. Splaying rim. Black paint, band over rim and
below in; central motif FM 27, sea anemone.
197. Deep bowl, fragment; polished greenish-buff fabric. Splaying rim. Brown paint, band over rim and below in; central
motif FM 27:48, sea anemone.
x98. Deep bowl, fragment; polished greenish-buff fabric. Black paint, band below panel; central motif FM 27:48, sea
anemone.
x99. Deep bowl, fragment; orange-buff fabric. D. rim o"014 m. Splaying rim. Brown paint, band over rim and below in, band
below panel; narrow zone FM 61, zigzag.
200. Deep bowl, fragments; greenish-buff fabric. D. rim o i m. Orange-brown paint, band over rim; narrow zone FM 6o
N-pattern.
2ox. Deep bowl, fragment; orange-buff fabric. Brown paint, group fine lines below panel; narrow zone FM 61, zigzag.
20o2. Bowl fragment; pinkish-buff fabric. Splaying rim, horizontal loop handle. Brown paint, band over rim and below
panel, band on handle; narrow zone vertical zigzags.
203. Deep bowl, fragment; polished cream-buff fabric. Orange-red paint; central triglyph FM 75: 12, vertical lozenge chain
between three vertical lines on either side; accessory motif in panel FM 73, lozenge.
204. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim o-15 m. Splaying rim. Brown paint, band over rim and below in; FM
46, running spirals.
205. Deep bowl, fragment; red fabric, slipped yellow-buff. Brown-black paint, monochrome interior, deep band at rim out;
part of central triglyph with fill of FM 42, joining semicircles.
2o6. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. Splaying rim. Dark brown paint, monochrome interior, deep band at rim out; part
of central triglyph with fill of FM 42, joining semicircles.
207. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. Black paint, monochrome interior, band above and below panel; FM 62, tricurved
arch with fill of FM 43, isolated semicircles.
20o8. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. Orange-brown paint, monochrome interior, band below panel; FM 62, tricurved
arch with fill FM 29:1 o, disintegrated form of trefoil rock-work.
Catalogue of Pottery Illustrated in PLATE 6ob and FIG. 20

2og. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim o-16 m. Splaying rim. Black paint, band over rim and below in;
half of central triglyph FM 75:3, joining semicircle fringe between two pairs vertical lines, accessorial triglyph FM 58,
parallel chevrons.
21o. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. Brown paint, band over rim and below in; elaborated form FM 50, antithetic
spiral with central triglyph of group vertical lines and joining semicircle fringe with fill ornament.
2xx. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. D. rim o.I6 m. Black paint, band over rim; FM 50, antithetic spiral pattern with
central triglyph of horizontal zigzag between vertical lines.
2x2. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. Dull black paint, FM 50, antithetic spiral.
213. Deep bowl, fragment; orange-buff fabric. D. rim o017 m. Splaying rim. Black paint, band over rim and below in;
accessorial triglyph FM 75: Io, vertical zigzag between pair vertical lines.
214. Deep bowl, fragment; polished pale buff fabric. Brown paint, band over rim and below in; FM 23, pair of antithetic
whorl-shells.
215. Deep bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim o0 14 m. Brown paint, band over rim and below in; central triglyph
FM 75:4, horizontal zigzag between two pairs vertical lines.
216. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. Brown paint; FM 53: 12, isolated vertical wavy line as triglyph.
2117. Kylix fragment; polished pink-buff fabric. Lipped rim. Red paint, band over rim; FM 18, flower pendent from rim.
2x8. Kylix fragment; pink-buff fabric. Lipped rim. Orange-red paint, band over rim and below in; top of motif as FM 15,
palm.
21g. Kylix fragment; buff fabric. Lipped rim. Black paint, band over rim; FM 24, linked whorl-shell.
220. Bowl fragment; pink-buff fabric. Orange-red paint, two bands below panel; form of FM 75, panelling with triglyphs of
vertical lines.
22o. Kylix fragment; polished cream-bufffabric. D. rim o0 14 m. Lipped rim. Orange-red paint, band over rim and below in;
FM 23, diagonal whorl-shells with fill of FM 27, sea anemone.
222. Kylix fragment; polished pink-buff fabric. Everted rim. Orange-red paint, band over rim; ?FM 46, running spiral.
223. Kylix fragment; polished cream-buff fabric. D. rim oi 6 m. Everted rim. Black paint, band over rim; ?FM I2, sacral
ivy.
224. Fragment from open vessel; buff fabric. Bulge of handle-root to left of sherd. Orange-brown paint, two bands below
decoration; ? central triglyph filled with FM 42, joining semicircles and framed by vertical lines.
225. Shallow bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. Red paint: exterior, band above, triglyph FM 75: 1o, vertical zigzag
between pair vertical lines; interior, group lines with trace of triglyph above. (FIG. 20 only.)
334 K. A. WARDLE
226. Miniature hand-made bowl; buff fabric. H. o-o26 m., D. rim o-o52 m. Shallow open shape. Black paint, band at rim,
irregular vertical zigzags over bowl. (FIG. 20 only.)
Pottery from the Late Helladic IIIC Levels. (F) (PLATE 6oc, d and FIG. 2 I)
A further accumulation of earth on the slope over the destruction debris took place during
L.H. IIIC. This was, however, terraced in Hellenistic times, leaving a pocket to the east of wall
d (FIG. 3) and a thin stratum westwards from this below the Hellenistic levels. When this area
was excavated in 1959, only the level to the east of wall d was successfully separated from the
underlying levels of wash which date from the end of the L.H. IIIB period (E above), resulting
in one batch of pottery which is remarkably free from sherds earlier than L.H. IIIC,s7 and
several others where typical L.H. IIIC pottery is mixed with quantities of L.H. IIIB sherds.ss8
At present the features which mark the earliest stage of L.H. IIIC are poorly known, al-
though Dr. Elizabeth French has made a provisional list.s9 In these circumstances the pure
level referred to above is of especial interest since it contains several examples of these early
features, together with some that mark a more developed stage of L.H. IIIC. For this reason
I have illustrated almost every sherd from this batch of pottery (PLATE 6oc, d, FIG. 2 I) and
described material found in the others.
No fewer than twelve fragments from this basket of pottery belong to the 'medium band' deep
bowl, 227-38. This has a rim diameter of about o0-I5 m. and is entirely painted inside, while
the sole decoration on the exterior is a paint band about 0o.2 m. wide at the rim. The ware of
these pieces, as well as that of several other vessel shapes, is different from that usual in
L.H. IIIB. The core of the sherd is often brick-buff in colour and slightly gritty, but has a thick
cream or yellowish slip through which the grits show. Rims and decorated sherds from the
Group A deep bowl with monochrome interior are also present, 241-5. Decoration on deep
bowls of all types is predominantly spiraliform, 241-3, 248-50. Deep bowls seem to be less
standardized in shape than in L.H. IIIB. One large example with a monochrome interior has
two paint bands at the rim and is decorated with very irregular spirals, 251.60 Other baskets of
pottery contained examples of 'rosette' bowls, Group B deep bowls, and Group A bowls with
narrow horizontal patterns, but it is not certain if these were made any later than L.H. IIIB 2.
The two carinated bowl fragments, 239 and 240 (FS 240), belong to a class which is common in
the earliest phase at Lefkandi, which may be later than the earliest L.H. IIIC in the Argolid,
or at least does not have the same features.6' A fragment which seems to be somewhat later in
date is from the shoulder of a stand, 264, with heavy paint bands and an irregular zigzag in the
zone above the shoulder. The ledge-lug in cooking-pot fabric with finger-impressed band to one
side may be connected with the hand-made pottery which reappears in L.H. IIIC, although the
fabric is different.62
There is one sherd which seems to be from a kylix with a monochrome interior, 256; and
there are a variety of small bowls, 253, 254, 259, and 26o, as well as a handle fragment from a
shallow bowl with paint band along the rim, 255. Krater rims are angular and include a mono-
chrome example, 257 and 258. I have also illustrated two open bases, 261 and 262, together
with one which is probably from a stirrup jar, 263. A small miniature cup was found in a level
containing later contamination, 265, and the same level produced the profile ofa small mono-
chrome cup of late Geometric or early Archaic date, 267. In general, the fabric of all these
sherds is rather sandier and more porous than in earlier levels.
57 Bi. ss e.g. CD15, CD17 etc. and was stated in error to have come from the destruction
s9 AA xq69,, I33 f. debris.
61 BSA lxvi (I97I) 338 ff.
60 This sherd was originally illustrated in MT iii fig. 77 62 Of. AA 1969, 136.
/227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237
238 239 240 241 244 245 246 247 11 251 252
253 254 255 256 257 258 259
260
261 262 % 263 264
266 265
FIGURE 21: Profiles etc. from LH IIIC 267

Levels : see PLATES
Catalogue of Pottery Illustrated in PLATE 6oC, d, and FIG. 2 I

227-38. Deep bowl, fragments with monochrome interiors and a band of paint at the rim outside: 227, d. rim o 18 m., buff
fabric, orange-brown paint; 228, d. rim o 16 m., cream-slipped buff fabric, orange-brown paint; 229, d. rim o 18 m.,
buff fabric brown paint; 230, d. rim ozi8 m., greenish-buff fabric, black paint; 231, d. rim o-18 m., pale buff fabric,
black paint; 232, d. rim o0 I5 m., buff fabric, orange-red paint; 233, d. rim o. 15 m., cream-slipped buff fabric, orange-
red paint; 234, d. rim c. o 15 im., cream-slipped buff fabric, orange-red paint; 235, d. rim c. oI 15 m., pink-buff fabric,
red paint; 236, d. rim c. o 15 m., buff fabric, orange-red paint; 237, d. rim c. 0o*9 m., greenish-buff fabric, dull black
paint; 238, pinkish-buff fabric, red paint.
239. Carinated bowl, fragment; buff fabric. D. rim o-x8 m. FS 24o. Red-black paint, monochrome.
24o. Carinated bowl, fragment; reddish buff fabric. D. rim 0"22 m. FS 240. Streaky black paint, monochrome.
24x. Deep bowl, fragment; pale buff fabric. D. rim oi16 m. Splaying rim. Dark red paint, monochrome interior, band at
rim out; FM 46, running spiral.
242. Deep bowl, fragment; grey-buff fabric. Dull brown paint, monochrome interior, band below panel; FM 46, running
spiral.
243. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. Dull brown paint, monochrome interior, band below panel; ?FM 46, running spiral.
336 K. A. WARDLE
244. Deep
out. bowl, fragment; cream-slipped, brick-red fabric. D. rim o.I6 m. Brown paint, monochrome interior, line at rim
245. Deep bowl, fragment; pale buff fabric. D. o0 I7 m. Black paint, monochrome interior, line at rim out.
246. Deep bowl, fragment; brick-red fabric, buff slip. D. rim o'I7 m. Orange paint, band over rim and below in.
247. Deep bowl, fragment; brick-red fabric, buff slip. D. rim oI15 m. Orange-brown paint, band over rim and below in.
248. Deep bowl, fragment; grey-buff fabric. Dark-brown paint; FM 46, running spiral.
249. Deep bowl, fragment; grey fabric, slipped buff. Yellow-brown paint; FM 46, running spiral.
250o. Deep bowl, fragment; buff fabric. Orange-brown paint, triglyph FM 75: 10, vertical zigzag between two pairs vertical
lines.
25x. Deep bowl, fragment; greenish sandy fabric. D. rim o022 m. FS 284, deep globular body, thickened rim, horizontal loop
handle. Brown paint, monochrome interior, two bands at rim out and below panel; FM 46, running spiral shakily
executed.
252. Stemmed bowl, fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim c. 0o28 m. Slightly lipped rim. Orange paint, band over rim and
below out; FM 43, isolated semicircles.
253. Bowl fragment; gritty buff fabric, slipped. D. rim 020o m. Brown paint, line at rim and band below inside, wide band
at rim out.
254. Bowl fragment; gritty red-buff fabric, cream slip. D. rim 0-24 m. Slightly lipped rim, brown paint, band over rim and
on lower part of interior.
255. Shallow bowl, handle fragment; pale buff fabric. D. rim 0-14 m. Lipped rim, horizontal loop handle. Brown paint,
band over rim, and along handle.
256. ? at
Kylix or conical-bowl fragment; slipped buff fabric. D. rim o.014 m. Orange-brown paint, monochrome interior, line
rim out.
257. Krater fragment; buff fabric. D. rim c. 0-34 m. Everted rim. Black paint, broad band below rim inside and at rim out;
trace FM 75, panelled pattern.
258. Fragment from ? large bowl; greenish-buff fabric. D. rim 0-20 m. Heavy squared rim above conical body. Black paint,
entirely monochrome.
259. Cup or bowl, fragmentary; pinkish-buff fabric. H. 0o038 m., D. rim 0-o6 m. Concave side and splaying rim, raised base.
Red paint, band over rim, two bands and circle below inside, two bands on body outside, one at base and circle
below.
26o. Bowl with incurving rim, fragment; polished buff fabric. D. rim 0o13 m. Conical shape with incurving rim. Black
paint, wide band at rim inside, fine lines with band below outside.
261. Base fragment; buff fabric, cream slip. D. o-037 m. Raised base. Orange-red paint, circle on base inside, band above.
262. Base fragment; pale buff fabric. D. base o-o42 m. Raised concave base. Brown paint, two circles on base inside.
263. Stirrup jar, base fragment; grey-buff fabric. D. base 0-045 m. Ring base. Black paint, zones of bands and fine lines on
lower body, circle below base.
264. Stand fragment; greenish sandy fabric, firing buff at surface; D. rim 0o22 m. ? FS 336, concave neck and splaying rim.
Dull brownish paint, wide paint band at rim out and another on shoulder; reserved zone with FM 6 I, irregular zigzag.
265. Miniature cup, handmade, fragmentary; polished buff fabric. H. o-o28 m., D. rim 0o034 m. Cylindrical shape with
rounded base, ? basket handle. Brown paint, band on rim, three irregular bands on base; FM 43, isolated semicircles
pendent from rim.
266. Ledge-lug; red-black cooking-pot fabric. Long flat lug on belly of globular vase with finger-impressed cordon from end.
267. Late Geometric or early Archaic cup; porous brick-red fabric. H. 0-073 m., D. rim o-o8 m. Globular body, everted
neck, flat base. Streaky brown paint, monochrome interior, painted exterior with reserved base.
OBJECTS OF TERRACOTTA, IVORY, BRONZE, ETC. FOUND IN THE AREA TO THE NORTH
OF THE SOUTH HOUSE IN 1959 AND 1960.63
(FIGS. 22, 23, PLATES 6I, 62a)
Well over Ioo small objects were recovered from the deposits to the north of the South House
during the first two seasons' excavation, and many of these have secure contexts. Some, to
63 I have included this account in order to complete the Citadel House area. They may well be discussed again with
description of the stratigraphy and finds in the courtyard other finds of these classes from the whole Citadel House
area to the north-west of the buildings excavated in the excavation as these are published, class by class. The
judge by their nature and condition, are likely to have been lost during the destruction fire, and
either fell into this area with the debris or were brought here during later levelling operations.
Others, for example the fragments of terracotta figurines, are part of the normal household
refuse which accumulates on any Mycenaean site. Several of these objects are of particular
interest because they are unusual, or because, like the haematite weight (6o-i8), they have good
parallels in other parts of the Aegean.
Terracottas-Female Figurines (PLATE 62a)

There are four examples of the T-type figurine which seems to come into fashion during the
later part of L.H. IIIB.64 These include one with hollow stem and folded arms modelled in the
clay (6o-z2), while on another the arms are only indicated by a band of paint (60-207). One of
the remaining two pieces6s has a hollow stem. Four more fragments are from Psi-figurines,66 of
which one has a hollow stem (59-213) and two have applied plastic breasts (6o-205). Three
fragments are from Phi-types of which two have applied breasts, and the other has a plait indi-
cated by rows of dots.67 I have illustrated two columnar stems out of a total of nine examples
(6o-Io6, 6o-218),68 and one hollow stem out of three which cannot be assigned to any specific
type (59-252). 69 There are also two fragments of'Polos' heads,70 and an unusual modelled leg
with foot.7x The decoration on these figurines is confined to vertical lines or bands on the stems
and irregular vertical or diagonal lines on the bodies, with occasionally the addition of lines to
indicate the plait or arms.
Terracottas-Animal Figurines
The number of fragments which come from animal figurines is almost as great as those from
female types, and most are typical examples. There are three body fragments,7Z four fore-
quarter pieces,73 and three hindquarter pieces.74 Three small pieces are from the head or horns75
and five from the legs.76 Three interesting fragments are part of a plough-ox group,77 the head
of a horse78 and a piece from a chariot group.79 Four animal bodies have 'Linear I' decoration,
two have 'Spine I', and one has 'Wavy 2'.8o
One fragment was from a throne with arms.8'
Bronze Objects (FIG. 22)

There are twelve objects or parts of objects in bronze including a fine pair of tweezers of the
type normal in the Late Bronze Age in the Aegean (6o-x9), two small chisels (6o-z3b, 6o-Iog),
and three objects which could be arrowheads or the points of darts (59-253, 6o-13a). The
latter example could, alternatively, be some form of ornamental nail or stud. The purpose and
nature of a small bronze casting (6o-120) is obscure, while it is unfortunate that a small ring-
handled knife (6o-o) cannot be given a context. It was found on the dump during preliminary
cleaning operations in this area in 1960 and perhaps originated in the north baulk which had
catalogue on p. 341 gives a complete list of finds for each 68 59-Io6, 59-108, 59-113, 59-202, 59-214, 59-248,
stratum. Objects referred to in the text by their registered 60-513.
number have been illustrated by me, while those to which 69 59-243, 60-2. 70 59-o09, 60-204. 71 60-4.
reference is made in the footnotes have not seemed worth 72 59-241, 59-245, 6o-ii6.
illustration. Some of the terracottas are included by Miss 7 59-1o5, 59-1zo, 59-244, 59-256.
A. Tamvaki in her article in this volume, pp. 207 ff. 74 60-15, 6o-1zo, 60-215.
64 BSA lxvi (1971) 125. 75 59-219, 60- x18, 6o-211.
65 59-2x8, 60-6. 76 6o-9, 60-213, 60-507, 60-5o0, 60-512.
77 60-2 6. 78 59-220o. 79 6o-Io5.
66 59-213, 6o--25, 60-219, 6o-5o9.
67 59-249, 6o-2o6, 59-217. 81 6o-212.
80so BSA lxvi (1971) 15i ff.
D 384 Z
338 K. A. WARDLE
60 -19
60 -120
60-0
60 -13a
59-253 60 -18
60-13b
60-109 60-08
0 5cms
FIGURE 22
collapsed during the previous winter. Although this is not a usual Mycenaean type, it has a
parallel in the material found in the Dictaean cave which seems to be of Late Bronze Age date.sz
Ivory Objects (FIG. 23, PLATE 6I)

Four interesting objects of ivory were discovered from this area, but it is hard to tell if there is
any connection between them. Two were clearly complete before the destruction, and one of
these is badly burnt. One is a fragment of a much larger object whose context may antedate the
59-254
60-407
0 10 20cms
60-108
0 5cms
FIGURE 23
destruction, and one is a prepared piece which could be a 'blank' for further work. They were
found scattered over the area and lay roughly on the ground surface in use at the time of the
destruction. They might be connected with a small ivory workshop in the vicinity, or they may
have no connection with each other. All the fragments would repay further study from a techni-
cal viewpoint.
A very fine sword pommel (59-247) was found outside the entrance to Room 6 just above the
floor level. It was lying at the tail of the destruction debris and could have reached this position
during the destruction or during later levelling. It is badly burnt and split and approximately
one-third is missing. Its shape is roughly oval, and it is beautifully fluted on the underside
around the socket for the hilt.
A button or toggle in the form of a figure-of-eight shield (60-208) was found at the base of
the destruction debris below the north baulk and not far from the edge of the stone causeway.
Although rather worn and possibly worm-eaten, it is almost complete and in good condition. It is
finely worked, and finished with a polish on all surfaces. A vertical bar is provided on the rear,
82 . Boardman, The Cretan Collection in Oxford 17 no. 72.
340 K. A. WARDLE
which was drilled three times from each side at a slight angle to produce a slot for the attach-
ment of a thong or strap. This motif is a frequent one for ornamental or functional buttons and
other similar objects, dating back to the Shaft Graves.83
A small piece from a large circular box or rhyton (59-254) was found together with a mass of
pottery beside and below the causeway at the entrance to Room I. It is possible that this is the
same deposit of pottery which was identified the following year beneath the threshold of that
room, but this cannot be established for certain. It could belong to the destruction deposit if the
ground surface at the time of the destruction was as low as the base of the stones of the causeway.
This piece was found in several fragments, but shows no trace of burning. It is a piece from the
rim and wall of a cylindrical object with more or less straight sides and a heavy bead at the rim.
Neither the graining nor the dimensions preclude the possibility that the vessel of which this
formed a part was shaped from a single tusk.
A rectangular plaque (6o-io8) was found beside the stones of the causeway while clearing the
entrance to Room I. This probably belongs to the destruction debris, but seems to have been
found on the floor level. This plaque is now slightly curved but was probably flat when it was
deposited. The surface and edges are well finished and its purpose, if any, is not clear. It could
be a prepared piece intended for further decoration.
Other Objects
Among items typical of any collection of Mycenaean refuse are so-called 'spindle' whorls of
clay or steatite,84 obsidian blades and flakes,85 lead strips from clamps of various sizes,86 and
beads of stone, clay, and glass.87 There are two polishers,88 two rectangular objects of stone
which might be whetstones,89 and a stone pounder.90 There are two probable weights, one of
lead (6o-8) and the other of haematite (6o-i8). The latter is a type frequent on sites in the
Levant over a long period and has also been found in Crete.9' This is the only example of the
type recorded so far from the mainland of Greece. A clay sealing overstamped with a Linear B
sign and an inscribed tablet have already been published from this area.92 Finally there is
a large fragment of an extraordinary clay wheel (6o-4o7) which was found at the base of the
levelling material by the wall of Room 6.
Catalogue of Illustrated Terracottas and Other Objects93

59-213. Female figurine, stem only. Pinkish-buff fabric, buff slip. D. base i8 mm., H. ext. 32 mm. Hollow stem, high
waist, ? Psi-type, breaks of arms at sides below waist. Red paint, waist band and two vertical stripes front and back.
PLATE 62a. F. 14675-
59-247. Sword pommel, fragmentary. Ivory, burnt and badly fragmented. D. approx. 75 mm., max. thickness 15 mm.
Oval disc with domed upper surface; the lower surface is hollowed and segmented with a raised socket for a rect-
angular section shaft; two rivet holes are provided in the socket. PLATE 6Ia, b. E. 14701.
59-252. Female figurine, stem only. Fine buff fabric. D. base 23 mm., H. ext. 57 mm. Hollow stem, high waist. Brown
paint, six irregular vertical lines on stem, line at waist, vertical lines on body. PLATE 62a. D. 14502.
83 A large variety can be seen on display in the National Woolley, Alalakh: an Account of the Excavations at Tell Atchana
Museum in Athens. One of the earliest examples of this in the Hatay (1937-49) 402, AT/38/2 76; 403, AT/39/ I 16; 404,
type of ornament was found on a rhyton from one of the AT/46/I; 405, AT/47/8o, AT/47/98; 407, AT/48/39. These
Shaft Graves: G. Karo, Schachtgrdber von Mykenai no. 48I are of different weights, between 9 and 20o g. Cape Geli-
p. 107 fig. 35 p. 212. donya: AJA lxv (I96i) 274. Knossos: A. J. Evans, The
14 59-246, 60-7, 60-10, 6o-Ii, 60-17, 6o0-o7. Palace of Minos iv. 655 fig. 640o.
8s 59-20o, 60-20o, 60-504. 86 60-5, 60-119, 60-203. 92 MTiii. 57 ff., Oi 701 (60-701) and 36 fig. 66, Wt 700
87 60-14, 60-16, 6o-o04, 60-I io, 60-209. (59-1o7), also in CMS v, no. 594-
88 .9Q-2i, 60-220o. 93 Each entry is followed by a letter denoting the stratum
89 59-216, 60-112. 90 60-to3. from which the object came, and the Nauplion Museum
9o I am very grateful to Mrs. W. J. Craig for the in- catalogue number where this is known.
ormation given here. For example, from Alalakh, C. L.
59-253. ? Arrowhead, point and part of shaft only. Bronze. Max width 5 mm., length ext. 57 mm. Small diamond-shape
point on square-section shaft; symmetrical. FIG. 22. A. 14706.
59-254. ? Box or rhyton, fragment only. Ivory, badly fragmented. Thickness of wall 8 mm., H. ext. 4o mm., width ext. 89
mm. Arc of circular container with internal diameter 200 mm.; pronounced bead at rim. FIG. 23, PLATE 61d.
A. 14707.
6o-o. Knife, complete. Well-preserved bronze. Length 94 mm., width max. 12 mm. The tang has a square section and is
curled into a loop at the haft end; the blade is asymmetrical with a single cutting edge away from the tang. FIG. 22.
Found on dump during preliminary cleaning.
60-8. Weight or bullet, complete. Lead with oxidized coating. Length 26 mm., D. max. i6 mm., weight 4"20 g. Sym-
metrical ovoid shape with flattened ends. FIG. 22. D.
60-12. Female T-figurine, torso only. Fine buff fabric. Width 29 mm., H. ext. 37. T-type with folded arms showing
division; stem columnar above and hollow below. Brown paint, vertical lines on body and on each side of stem.
PLATE 62a. C.
6o-13a. ?Arrowhead, shaft broken. Corroded bronze. Max. width 7 mm., length ext. 56 mm. Pyramidal point on square-
section shaft, symmetrical. FIG. 22. C.
6o-13b. ? Chisel, part only. Corroded bronze. Max. width 6 mm., length ext. 37 mm. Small spatulate point on thick
rectangular shaft. FIG. 22. C.
6o-z8. Weight, complete. Haematite. Length 46 mm., max. width 19 mm., weight 34'5 g. 'Sphendonoid' shape: more or
less biconical with truncated ends and flattened on one side. FIG. 22. C.
6o-g9. Tweezers, complete. Well-preserved bronze. Length 81 mm., max. width I I mm. Single strip of metal widening
from the spring-loop to the ends, slight flange on either side. FIG. 22. C.
6o-io6. Female figurine, stem and part of torso only. Gritty buff fabric. D. base 26 mm., max. width 27 mm., H. ext.
56 mm. Columnar stem with flaring base. Dark brown paint, six verticals on stem, diagonal lines on one side of
body, crossing diagonals on other. PLATE 62a. D.
6o-io8. Plaque. Ivory, badly fragmented. Length o105 mm., width 94 mm., thickness 9 mm. and 2 mm. Rectangular plaque,
tapering from one long side to the other; surfaces polished, edges neatly sawn. FIG. 23. PLATE 6Id. D.
6o-iog. ? Chisel, part only. Bronze. Max. width 3-5 mm., length ext. 23 mm. Square-section bar with tapered splayed end.
FIG. 22. D.
6o-i13. Female figurine, stem only. Soft pinkish-buff fabric. Max. width ext. 30 mm., H. ext. 57 mm. Columnar stem,
flaring base, applied plait. Shaded brown paint, four vertical bands on stem, vertical lines on body, horizontal bars
on plait. PLATE 62a. D.
6o-120o. Casting, ? complete. Bronze. Max. dimensions 21 mm., 17 mm. Casting in form of T with two triangular arms and
rectangular shaft; the ends, if broken, are very regular. FIG. 22. D.
60-205. Female Psi-figurine, body fragment only. Buff fabric, polished surface. Width ext. 32 mm., thickness 6 mm. Psi-type
with large plastic breasts. Dark brown paint, irregular vertical lines on body. PLATE 62a. C.
60-207. Female T-figurine, torso only. Fine buff fabric. Max. width 28 mm., H. ext. 18 mm. T-type with single paint band
for arms. Dark brown paint, high band at waist, vertical bars on body front and back, painted plait. PLATE 62a. D.
6o-2o8. Button or toggle in form of figure-of-eight shield, almost complete. Worn, fragmented ivory. Length 47 mm., max.
width 28 mm., thickness I I mm. Figure-of-eight shape, domed on the outer surface; carved behind to form low
vertical bar, pierced three times from either side at the centre to form a slot. PLATE 6 Ia, c. D.
6o-2x8. Female figurine, fragment only. Buff fabric, roughly smoothed. Max. width 28 mm., H. ext. 27 mm. Columnar
stem, flattened body. Dark brown paint, broad waist band, three vertical bands on stem, diagonal lines on body.
PLATE 62a. From cleaning.
60-407. 'Wheel' c. I preserved. Straw-tempered clay, fired black at core and buff on surface. D. rim 0-768 m. D. aperture
o020 m., thickness c. oo02 m. Flat circular disc with circular central aperture, smoothed upper surface with flange on
either side; rough, flat lower surface. FIG. 23. E.
Catalogue of Finds Other than Pottery from Each Stratum to the North of the South House94
Pre-destruction Deposit (A) 59-254 14707 Ivory box fragments*
59-253 14706 Bronze ? arrowhead* 6o-Ii6 Body animal figurine, Spine I
94 The first number is the excavation catalogue number, catalogued by Miss Angela Tamvaki in her article in this
and the second is the Nauplion Museum catalogue number volume together with her catalogue number, pp. 207 ff.
where it is known. * indicates an object illustrated and Bracketed items are from contaminated contexts.
described fully in the present article. t indicates an object
342 K. A. WARDLE
6o-I 18 Horn animal figurine 6o-I io Glass bead

60o-1i Lead clamp 60-I x I Gold leaf fragment
6o-202 Bronze ? arrowhead 6o-i 12 Stone plaque
60-504 Obsidian flake (6o-i 13 Columnar figurine stem*)
60-507 Leg animal figurine 60-12o Bronze casting*
60-508 Worked greenstone 6o--2o Bronze fragment
(60-203 Lead fragment)
Causeway Deposit (C) (6o-204 Polos figurine head)
6o- o Shanked steatite whorl 60-207 Torso T-figurine
6o- 1i Conical steatite whorl 60-208 Ivory figure-of-eight shield*
60-I2 T-figurine fragment* 6o-2og Stone bead
6o-I 3a Bronze ? arrowhead* 60-512 Leg animal figurine
6o-13b Bronze chisel* 6o-5 3 Figurine stem
6o-13c Bronze pin fragment 60-701o Clay tablet with Linear B inscription
60-14 Stone bead
6o-15 Hindquarters animal figurine, Spine i Levelling and Wash (E)
60-16 Terracotta bead 59-203 14665 Incised pithos rim
60o-7 Shanked steatite whorl 59-243 14697 Hollow figurine stem*
60-18 Haematite weight* 59-246 14700 Conical steatite whorl
60-19 Bronze tweezers* 59-247 I470oI Ivory sword pommel*
6o-2o Obsidian blade fragment 59-249 14705 Phi-figurine fragment
60o-04 Terracotta bead 59-251 14704 Bronze fragment
6o-xo7 Conical steatite whorl 59-256 147o9 Forequarters animal figurine, Spine
60o-205 Torso Psi-figurine* 6o-211 Nose animal figurine
6o-2o6 Torso Phi-figurine. 6o-2 x 2 Terracotta throne: 20o7
60-2 13 Leg animal figurine
Destruction Debris (D) 60-215 Hindquarters animal figurine, Linear I
59-105 I46I4 Forequarters animal figurine, Linear i 60-216 Plough-ox figurine fragment: t134
59-io6 14615 Female figurine fragment 60-219 Psi-figurine fragment
59-o107 4616 Clay sealing 60-220 Polisher
59-108 14617 Base female figurine 60-407 Pottery 'wheel'
59-244 14698 Forequarters animal figurine 60-509 Arm of Psi-figurine
59-252 14705 Hollow figurine stem* 60o-5o Leg animal figurine
59-255 14708 Shell polisher L.H. IIC levels (F)
(6o-I Bronze pin)
(60-2 Hollow figurine stem) 59-109 14618 Polos figurine head
(6o-4 Figurine fragment: t29) 59-110o 4619 Forequarters animal figurine, Linear i
(60-5 Lead strips) 59-201 14663 Obsidian core
(6o-6 T-figurine fragment) 59-202 14664 Figurine base
(60-7 Conical steatite whorl) 59-213 14676 Hollow Psi-figurine stem
(6o-8 Lead weight*) 59-214 14676 Figurine stem
6o-9 Leg animal figurine (59-216 14678 Steatite ? whetstone)
(6o-Ioi Hindquarters animal figurine) (59-217 14679 Psi-figurine fragment, dotted plait)
(60-Io2 Vitrified stopper) (59-218 I468o Hollow T-figurine stem)
60-103 Stone pounder (59-219 14681 Head of animal figurine)
6o-Io5 Terracotta chariot horse: 1IoX (59-220 1473o Head of horse: tI58)
6o--o6
6o-io8Columnar figurine(59-245
Ivory plaque* stem* (59-241
14699 14695
BodyBody animal
animal figurine,Wavy
figurine, Linear2)1)
6o-1og Bronze chisel* (59-248 14702 Female figurine fragment)
Illustration Numbers of Registered Pottery from the Area to the North of the South House
59-Ill 1 I92 (93) 60-310 66 60-317 41

59-112 - 60-311 39 60-318 42
59-250 - 60-312 38 60-332 40
60-214 x94 60-313 47 60-333 36
60-304 147 6o0-314 37 60-334 'o
60-307 I45 60-315 46 60-405 148
60-308 146 60-316 43 6o-406 I49
K. A. WARDLE
APPENDIX: THE PARASOL KRATER9S

The five sherds preserved from this pictorial krater have been described above (pp. 328, 331;
192; PLATE 59C and FIG. 19).96 As pointed out, its probable painter and pictorial motifs
make it of especial interest.
The original vase is in all likelihood to be attributed to the so-called Painter of the Shield-
Bearers, an artist studied by A. Akerstr6m,97 S. Charitonides,98 and lastly in 1961 by J. L.
Benson99 who listed six or possibly seven items by his hand. In addition to our sherds, two sets of
krater fragments have more recently come to light, also at Mycenae, and can almost certainly
be included in the list.0oo It is interesting that these were discovered in an area not very far from
the find-place of our sherds, on the west slope of the citadel. The excavator, G. E. Mylonas,
reported their context as being of the end of L.H. IIIB.
Such fragments of this painter's work as can be assigned to a specific vessel shape are from
kraters with horizontal handles (FS 281). Some representations depict men on foot and in
chariots accompanied by dogs, while others show stags associated with birds. Apart from a
complete krater from Enkomi in Cyprus,0oo all the material known at present has been found
in the Argolid (at Mycenae and Tiryns), where the Painter of the Shield-Bearers must have
worked.
Stylistically and in subject-matter our sherds correspond strikingly with the name-piece of
the artist, the relatively well-preserved chariot krater from Tiryns:102 compare, for instance, the
drawing of the men's heads with the ringed eyes, the profuse application of white paint, and the
manner in which the pictorial scene overlaps the band below the heavy rim. As on the Tiryns
krater, the representation on our vase must have included a chariot group, clearly indicated by
fragments (a) and (c).
Fragment (a) shows the hindquarters of a chariot horse facing right, with traces of the traction
system in the upper left- and right-hand corners. These traces belong to the arcade-like devices
which in reality joined the chariot pole to the pole 'stay', thereby reinforcing the traction
system.'03 In Mycenaean vase-painting they are frequently reduced to a decorative motif
above the horse's back as illustrated, for instance, by the Tiryns krater and also by Mylonas's
recent finds. The horse's tail is partly broken off at the left edge of fragment (a) just where it
seems on the point of broadening outwards. Perhaps it branched here into a second tail,
frequently shown on Mycenaean vases to denote the presence of the second horse of an actual
chariot team.'04
Fragment (c) depicts traces of two curls above a horizontal feature. They belong to spirals
and a chariot rein, as comparison with the Tiryns krater, on which double spirals fill the space
between the reins and the band below the rim, indicates clearly enough.
It is in their representation of a parasol that the remains of our krater differ from anything as
9s I am grateful to Lord William Taylour for permission I68b; Ergon 1971, 132 fig. 164.
to study the krater sherds; and to Dr. E. French, Dr. and 1ro Benson, loc. cit. (n. 99) 344 if. no. 5 pls. 10o7 fig. 36
Mrs. K. A. Wardle, Dr. H. W. Catling, and my wife for help and Io8 fig. 37 (BMC 409).
in the preparation of this Appendix. Of much use was the 102 Benson, loc. cit. (n. 99) 344 ff. no. I pl. 10o7 fig. 32;
discussion of the sherds in Dr. French's unpublished Lon- especially Akerstr6m, loc. cit. (n. 97) 9 fft figs. 1-2, 3.2-3.
don doctoral thesis, The Development of Mycenaean Terracotta 103 Cf., e.g., J. Wiesner, Fahren und Reiten, Archaeologia
Figurines (1961) 213. Homerica i.F (1968), 49 ff. Questions relating to Mycenaean
96 I omit the controversial handle fragment: see above chariots will be fully discussed in my doctoral thesis, Bronze
PP. 328; 193. Age Chariots and Chariotry in the Aegean.
97 Op. Ath. i (1953) 9 ff 104 Examples in A. Furumark, Op. Ath. i (1953) 53 fig- 3;
98 AE 1953-4, Part B, IoI ff. two incomplete tails on Mylonas, Ergon 1971 fig. I64 (see
99 AJA lxv (1961) 344 ff. n. Ioo). A connection with the traction system seems less
0oo Ergon 1970, 98f. fig. Ioi, and PAE 1970, 122 pl. likely.
344 K. A. WARDLE
yet known by the painter. This is the main feature of fragment (b), which itself consists of three
joining sherds. The shaft of the parasol is set almost vertically; its low, wide shade which rises to
a pointed apex is rendered in dark paint with applied decorative white. Below the shade are
parts of three men facing right. From left to right we see the tip of a nose, the head and neck of
a second figure, the parasol's shaft, and part of the head and shoulder of a third person.
How precisely were our fragments related and to what kind of scene did they belong? While
we cannot be completely sure that all three fragments belonged to the same side of the original
krater, it is none the less a perfectly feasible assumption. A few relatively well-preserved deep-
bowl kraters like the one from Tiryns (rim diameter c. o042 m. in comparison with our 0-52 m.)
and another from Crete (rim diameter 0-34 m.)oos show an elaborate composition combining
a chariot and several men on foot, all proceeding to the right. We might anticipate a similar
pictorial design for our krater.
In attempting to reconstruct the composition, the most significant point on which to focus is
the positioning of the parasol. Three basic possibilities present themselves for consideration:
I. The parasol is outside the chariot, held by a man on foot to shade another outside the chariot. (FIG. 19, ii)
Only one Mycenaean scene springs to mind in this connection, on the well-known fragment of
a L.H. IIIA amphoroid krater from Enkomi. Here we see a very schematically rendered
parasolo6 (not an axe or lance as some have suggested)107 with a curved shade and a short shaft
held at a slant by a footman. It was intended to protect an important-looking, long-robed
person who is bearing a sword and walking behind a chariot. It is only much later, and in Near
Eastern art, that other scenes of walking (and seated) figures shaded by attendants with parasols
occur. Various examples appear on reliefs from Assyrian palacesos and from Persepolislo9
where the shaded person is always a king.
If on our krater the parasol was similarly carried behind a man on foot, the three figures could
conceivably be visualized as either preceding or following a chariot.
2.. The parasol is outside the chariot, held by a man on foot to shade another in the chariot. (FIG. 19, iii)
There is no comparative evidence for such an arrangement, apart from some reliefs of the
Assyrian king Sennacherib (704-68I B.c.). These show the king in a special low-wheeled vehicle
drawn by two men and followed by a pair of footmen, one holding a fan, the other protecting his
head with a long-shafted parasol.1o
If on our krater the parasol is to be reconstructed in this position, a similar very tall shaft
would have been needed in practice behind a very slow-moving chariot. The shaded man on the
right of our fragment (b) would then have been a chariot passenger and not a driver, since our
chariot was almost certainly of the so-called 'dual' type such as is represented on the Tiryns
krater and many other vases.," This means that the driver would have stood too far forward
to have been shaded by a man walking behind.
0os H. Drerup in Forschungen auf Kreta (ed. F. Matz, left; B. Hrouda, Die Kulturgeschichte des assyrischen Flachbildes
1951) 82, 84ff. pls. 3.2, 64.8, 65.4-6. (1965) pl. 41.1.
106 Cf. Furumark, MP 239; V. Karageorghis, BCH Io9 E. F. Schmidt, Persepolis i (OIP lxviii, 1953) pls. 75,
lxxxiii (1959) 198 f. with fig. I; H. W. Catling-A. Millett, 76, 138B, 139B, 178, 179, i8oB, 18iB, 194.
BSA lx (1965) 221 no. 2 pl. 58.2 (BMC 339). 11o E. F. Weidner, Die Reliefs der assyrischen Kdnigen, AfO
107 Cf. E. Vermeulee, Classical Journal liv (1958) 104; Beiheft iv (I939) 88 ff. with figs. 74-5. Also A. Paterson,
M. I. Davies, BCH xciii (1969) 214ff.; P. Cassola Guida, Assyrian Sculptures v: Palace of Sinacherib (1915) pls. 32-3.
SMEA xii (1970) I36 ff. x"1 For the type cf., e.g., Catling, AJA lxxii (1968) 44 ff.;
108 e.g. E. A. Wallis Budge, Assyrian Sculptures in the British M. A. Littauer, AJA lxxvi (1972) 156; Wiesner, op. cit.
Museum (1914) pIs. 19.1, 20o., 23; E. Strommenger- (n. io3) 48 f.
M. Hirmer, Fiinf Jahrtausende Mesopotamien (1962) pl. 2o8
3. The parasol is inside the chariot. (FIG. 19, i)
This is portrayed on certain of the Mycenaean terracotta chariot models dating to L.H.
IIIA-B. In the case of two virtually identical examples from Prosymna, the parasol is clearly
marked as a vertical clay strip with a wide, disc-shaped top and is set next to the single rider.IIz
Two other models from Argos and Ugarit have a somewhat cruder parasol associated with one
and two riders respectively."3 Two further models, one from Mycenae, the other unprovenanced,
can be adduced. They carry what is possibly the broken shaft of a parasol rather than the
remains of a passenger; it is placed just behind and in between two riders.I"4 In the contempor-
ary art of the Near East parasols appear on Egyptian reliefs commemorating Rameses II's
battle at Kadesh (I3oo00, alternatively 1296 B.c.). The same scene showing the empty royal
chariot with a parasol fixed upright at the front occurs in three different buildings."s Later on,
Assyrian reliefs frequently portray parasols inside chariots bearing three riders-the driver, the
king, and an attendant. The parasol is either short-shafted and held at a slant by the attendant,
or long-shafted and fixed vertically inside the vehicle."6 One other scene on a well-known stone
sarcophagus from Cyprus of the later sixth century B.c. may be cited here. It shows the charioteer
and a single passenger holding a shade over him."I7
If on our krater the parasol was inside the chariot, the shaft could have been long or short,
fixed or held by the central figure. It would have provided equally good shade both for him and
for the figure on the right, presumably the driver. The left-hand person could then have been
another passenger or, more likely, a man walking behind the vehicle, since there are usually two
riders in dual-type chariots. On vases, according to artistic convention, these are always
placed one behind the other to indicate figures actually standing side by side.
In view of the extremely fragmentary nature of our krater none of the three reconstructions
outlined above can be excluded. At first sight the relative height of the heads of the central
and right-hand persons may tend to suggest that the latter was placed somewhat higher, i.e. in
a chariot, thus supporting reconstruction (2). The difference is, however, too slight to be really
significant. In my opinion reconstruction (3), with the parasol inside the chariot, is perhaps the
most attractive, in the light of the Mycenaean and other comparative material adduced.
In contemporary and later Near Eastern art parasols were, as we have seen, reserved for
distinguished, usually royal, persons. When such parasols appear inside chariots, these are
static or moving slowly, not actively engaged in war or hunting.
Of the Mycenaean representations the Enkomi vase fragment certainly depicts a high-
ranking shaded figure. The terracotta chariot models do not present conclusive evidence as to
either the status of their riders or the nature of their activity. The same must unfortunately be
112 C. W. Blegen, Prosymna (1937) 365 f. nos. 415-16 ii (1935) pls. i8 (Abydos), 81-2 (Luxor), 176 (Abu Simbel).
figs. 617-18. A possible parasol is depicted in a chariot carrying a
"13 J. Deshayes, Argos. Les Fouilles de la Deiras (1966) 1og9, Nubian princess and pulled by bullocks on a wall painting
2oo no. DM 89 pl. 92. I; Cl. F. A. Schaeffer, Ugaritica ii in the tomb of Huy (fourteenth century B.c.), cf. Wreszinski,
(1949) i8o fig. 72.I7 pl. 34 below-right. Some of the Atlas... i (1923) pls. 158, I6o.
children associated with terracottas of the kourotrophos n16 e.g. Wallis Budge, op. cit. (n. io8) pl. 17.i; Paterson,
type seem to be protected by similarly shaped parasols or op. cit. (n. i io) pls. 12, 37, 4o-I, 42, 46-7, 65-6; Weidner,
sun-hats: cf. E. French, BSA lxvi (197I) 143. op. cit. (n. I Io) 92 n. 175. For the types of shades and a list
"4 G. Tsountas, AE I888, 17o, and E. von Mercklin, Der see Hrouda, op. cit. (n. Io8) Io6 and I86 (see also his pl.
Rennwagen in Griechenland (i9o9) 13 ff. no. 9 pl. i; E. 46.1).
Holmberg in Collection H. Stathatos iii (1963) 2I f. no. 5 pl. "~1 See, e.g., J. L. Myres, Handbook of the Cesnola Collection
1.5. At present no models with definitely more than two of Antiquities from Cyprus in New York (1914) no. 1365. The
riders are known (See, however, below, 347 f.). sarcophagus is under study by Miss V. Wilson, to whom I am
1"5 W. Wreszinski, Atlas zur altaegyptischen Kulturgeschichte indebted for dating information.
FIG. 24. CHARIOT FIGURINE FROM TIRYNS. Scale I: I
said of the figures on our krater: only new finds of the same or similar kraters may elucidate these
points, as well as the exact position of the parasol."8
One other question must at present remain unanswered: is there any foreign influence to be
detected in these rare representations of parasols in Mycenaean art?
JoosT CROUWEL
FIG. 25. CHARIOT FIGURINE FROM TIRYNS: RESTORED DRAWINGS. Scale I:I
NOTE: A POSSIBLE CHARIOT FIGURINE WITH PARASOL
An unpublished chariot group from the South Syrinx at Tiryns"9 (PLATE 62b-e, FIG. 24) may
be added to those listed above by Mr. Crouwel, and seems to give some confirmation of a scene
with three people and a parasol within the chariot (cf. reconstruction (3), P- 345 above). The box
of the chariot has within it two verticals worked into the front, a central vertical and a fourth
behind the central one. This much is clear. We have suggested in the restored drawinglzo
(FIG. 25) two front figures-a driver presumably and a warrior or king-and a parasol held by
118 We may note that the presence of a parasol in the Institute and the excavators of Tiryns for permission to
chariot on the Tiryns krater cannot be excluded: we have publish this figure which was shown to us during the summer
only a trace of one rider (the four men on foot carry shields of 1972.
and spears). Two chariot riders are partly preserved on one 120 The drawings are the work of Miss Daphne Hart. Her
of Mylonas's finds, without a parasol; cf. n. Ioo (Ergon 1970 skill and interest have been of great service in the inter-
and Praktika 197o). pretation of this piece.
"z9 I am very grateful to the German Archaeological
348 K. A. WARDLE
the back figure. This is, of course, not certain but the piece is a large and well-made example of
considerable elaboration and deserves consideration in any assessment of such groups.
Tiryns South Syrinx NE Z2 (Verdhelis's excavations 1962-4)

Height (ex.) 0o078 m.; length (ex.) o-o63 m.; width o-o44 m. Fine buff clay, smoothed surface. Two flattened horses with one
rear leg each; large simple chariot box; mark of broad strip running forward at top of box; within box four vertical bars of
which the front two are closely applied to the box and the other two stand more or less independently behind them. Mark of
? hand on left shoulder of left-hand figure. ? Central post is parasol held by back figure in his right hand; left hand touches
front figure on shoulder. Brown paint; vertical lines on back of back figure; some linear decoration (or solid paint) on
chariot box; row of bivalve shell on outside of right horse. Presumed date: L.H. III.
ELIZABETH FRENCH
B.S.A. 68 PLATE 57
(a) (b)
(c) i (d)
A GROUP OF LATE HELLADIC IIIB 2 POTTERY FROM WITHIN THE CITADEL AT MYCENAE: 'THE
CAUSEWAY DEPOSIT'
Citadel House, Area i : (a) Debris between walls of South House; (b) North baulk of Citadel House area; (c) View of Hellenis-
tic and Mycenaean terrace walls with Causeway, from south-west; (d) View of Causeway and South House, from west
td td td td
(b) (d)
81
76S 341
14
75 736
S6
F 141
79
69
137
241W938
65
'h6312
46 13
1345
36
51
127
13
P29
128 130
(d)Pre-stucionlv,I960
43
124
521
126
60
y20
y12
12
123
59
42
17
'16
495
1b
19
58
(a)CusewyDpoit, BwlsfGroupA,'RetBwls;(b)CaueyDposit, BwlfGroup;(c)Pe-dstruionlv,195;
AGROUPFLTEHDICB2YROMWNTHEADLC:'USWYEPOIT
(a) (c)
lod lod lod lod
187
186
18 194
182 183
184
185
(d)
(b)
178
97 l1 180
18
yi176
170 17
17
DEPOSIT'
1s68
169
16f
192
164
es~IHm ow
15863. 7
16
(a)
1560
157 b
I15 9"65
(c)
153
150
c
!52
V15
Destrucionb:(a)pBwl;OhSCKPd'm
AGROUPFLTEHDICB2YMWN:'S
td td td td
21 2
23
24
251
217
218 219
P20
(d)
(b)
213
214
512
216
209
210
21
21
DEPOSIT'
206
205 207 208
20
20/
203
23941
mi 240L35
19
(a)
S29418 (c)
201
20
28
198
195( 196 197

27
(a)Levling,.HIB2fturs;bohcCdDpw
AGROUPFLTEHDICB2YMWN:'S
B.S.A. 68 PLATE 61
59-247
59-247
(b)
60-208
(a)
60 -1 08
60-208
59-254
(c) (d)
A GROUP OF LATE HELLADIC IIIB 2 POTTERY FROM WITHIN THE CITADEL AT MYCENAE: 'THE
CAUSEWAY DEPOSIT'
Ivory Objects
PLATE 62 B.S.A. 68
60 -207 60. 12 59 -252 59 -213 59 -243
6 0~3 60 205 60 8
(a)
(b) (c)
(d) (e)
A GROUP OF LATE HELLADIC IIIB 2 POTTERY FROM WITHIN THE CITADEL AT MYCENAE:
'THE CAUSEWAY DEPOSIT'
(a) Selected figurine frs.; (b-e) Chariot group from Tiryns

A Group of Late Helladic IIIV 2 Pottery From Within The Citadel at Mycenae

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A Group of Late Helladic IIIV 2 Pottery From Within The Citadel at Mycenae

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A Group of Late Helladic IIIB 2 Pottery from within the Citadel at Mycenae: 'The

THE STRATIFICATION OF THE DEPOSITS TO THE NORTH OF THE SOUTH HOUSE

FIGURE 1 Mycenae : Citadel House:

FIGURE 2 Mycenae : Citadel House.

Scale 1:100 1959 South Face F1 Trenches A&E

FIGURE 3 Mycenae: Citadel House:

Scale 1:100 1959/1960 North Face of Area Fl1

B. Structures in Use at the Time of the Destruction

C. Late Helladic IIIB 2 Destruction Deposit (The Causeway Deposit)

E. Levelling and Wash

F. Deposit of L.H. IIIC Date

THE CONDITION AND NATURE OF THE CAUSEWAY DEPOSIT

L.H. IIIB I L.H. IIIB 2

FIGURE 5 DIAGRAM TO ILLUSTRATE THE

LH IIIA 2j IIIB 1 IIIB 2 IIIC

Deposits studied West W all

THE PAINTED POTTERY

Alabastron FS 80, etc.

Globular Jug, Linear FS 105 (or Amphora FS 69) (FIG. 6)

Globular Jugs, Decorated, FS I IO, 120, 136, etc. (FIG. 6)

FIGURE 6: Amphora and Jug

Stirrup Jar (FIG. 7)

FIGURE 7 Stirrup Jar 0 5 l0cms

Krater FS 9, 281, 282 (FIG. 8)

Mug FS 226 (FIG. 8)

34 35 FIGURE 8: Krater and Mug

Kylix FS 258, 259

Deep Bowl FS 284

'Rosette' Bowl (FIG. IO, PLATE 58a)

Group B Deep Bowl (FIG. I I, PLATE 58b)

40 Tiryns fig. 3: 3; BSA lxiv (1969) 82 fig. 7: 3 and io.

FIGURE 11 : Deep Bowl B : Monochrome Interiors

Stemmed Bowl FS 305 (FIG. 12)

Cups, Bowls, Dippers, etc. (FIG. 12)

FIGURE 12 : Stemmed Bowl, Cup/Bowl, Miniature Hand-made

Miniature Hand-made Vessels (FIG. 12)

IMoO MOlleqS 96z S

jadd!(I 6oz 9g o-6

q IMOf dx(Q "I'8 Sd

6219 9*014'53 *81 4

BnIA g9z Sgg 2 2

spjaqS uad0 "IV.LoL

spaQTS pasolD cvxoL

.ref dnaIuS 2(I)

'2nf jnqolj 9gEI 'o j

auf maoj!a!I 0" SEd I3 6o 7'I I 3

Misc.pral Doting raenilugI suoenalciM ylnoraeiL roietnmrhcoM emorhcnM

ImOg MOlIqs 96z Sy

aoddr.I 6or s'i

IMOg pumis 9CS o SEl

q Imoff dQrI fgz; Sj

V IMog dj(I f8z SI4

sp.iq;S udO ivvoL

spatqs paso[o 'vwoi

4253607*819 23 64321807596I3 34210975o*I6

WOHSTELBA.b3IGF NUMBERSOFACHJP INTHEFOURSA WESTALDPOIRYN Ki-2(lowest)Parnd denrtaP2-K Ki-IPaternd Ke-I(higst)Parnd .sepahroftnidlucbyg:mkF

THE UNPAINTED POTTERY FROM THE CAUSEWAY DEPOSIT

FIG. 14. TABLE TO SHOW NUMBERS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF UNPAINTED WARE

Rims Handles Bases Body sherds

Totals 395 179 208 2822

NOTE Possible sources of confusion between:

S0m 4m 09m m .14m 13m 18m r 12m .4Om .,, /' -/

102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110

6219 9014'53 81 4

4253607819 23 64321807596I3 34210975oI6