Chromosme mapping and

Genetic Linkage
• Linkage:Genes on same chromosome
– Recombination
– Intrachromsomal
– Chiasma Frequency
• Linkage Maps
• Recombination Frequency/Sturtevant
• Mapping: Three point crosses, Interference
• Calculating probability of gamete
• Human mapping: Somatic cell hybridization
 Recombination:
Interchromsomal
 Linkage:Genes on same
chromosome
• Bateson’s research
• Used a heterozygous
cross
• Did not get expected
results from a dihybrid
cross
 Linkage
• Morgan’s research
with Drosophila
• Used a test cross
• 2 genes
• Did not show
independent
assortment
• Genes close together
on same
chromosome
Linkage
 Recombination:
Intrachromsomal
Creighton and McClintock
 Chiasma Frequency
• Between non-sister chromatids
• Recombination freq = ½ * chiasma frequency

• ½ products parental, ½ recombinant

 Recombination
Frequency/Sturtevant

• Assumed RF was an estimate of distance

between the two genes
• 1% RF = 1 cM (centimorgan) or map units
• Genes can be up to 50 map units
Three point test cross
• If independent
assortment, then
equal ratios
• Can look at genes in
pairs to measure RF
Three point test cross
Interference
 Interference &Calculating
probability of gamete formation
• Interference • Using map
• Does a crossover in information to predict
one region effect the proportions of
probability of a x-over gametes.
in another region? • Frequency of cross
over and freq of
• I = 1- (obs DCO/Exp parental combination.
DCO)
Three point mapping
Actual gene order
Mapping function

d= crossover frequency
Human mapping: Pedigree analysis
Somatic cell hybridization
Somatic cell hybridization
Somatic cell hybridization
Fluorescent in situ hybridization
(FISH)

DNA probes tagged, hydbridized to DNA strand

 Sister chromatid exchanges

Mitotic recombination