BLOOD, LYMPH AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS - Partially controls the immune system by transforming

- Shares common cells, structures, and functions certain lymphocytes into T cells, the lymphocytes
 BLOOD (responsible for cellular immunity)
- Provides immune cells that locate, identify, and 6. TONSILS
destroy disease-causing agents - Act as filters to protect the upper respiratory
 IMMUNE CELLS structures from invasion by pathogens
- Actively engage in the destruction of the invading
agent or produce substances that seek out and tag IMMUNE SYSTEM
agent for destruction
- Rely on lymph vessels and blood vessels to deliver TYPES OF IMMUNITY:
their protective devices to the entire body 1. NATURAL IMMUNITY
 LYPMH - A natural resistance to certain diseases in which the
- Returns extracellular fluid, lymph, and immune extent varies from person to person
substances back to the circulatory system as plasma 2. ACQUIRED PASSIVE IMMUNITY
- A natural resistance to certain diseases …
BLOOD 3. ACQUIRED ACTIVE IMMUNITY
- Is a connective tissue composed of a liquid medium - Immunity that develops after having the disease or
called plasma in which solid components are after being vaccinated against the disease.
suspended:
o Erythrocytes (RBC) PATHOLOGICAL TERMS
o Leukocytes (WBC) Disease of the lymph and immune system that flourish are
o Thrombocytes (platelets) those diseases which suppress the immune response.
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
(AIDS)
BLOOD GROUPS
- Is the most widespread immunosuppressive disease
- Human blood is divided into 4 groups, based on the
presence or absence of certain protein molecules
OPPORTUNISTIC MALIGNANCIES AND
called: antigen and antibodies
INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH AIDS
- Antigen: on the surface of RBCs
- Candidiasis
- Antibodies: in the plasma
- Cytomegalovirus
ABO BLOOD GROUPS: - Kaposi’s sarcoma
Blood Group A (41%) - Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI)
- Have A antigens on the surface of RBC and B - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
antibodies in the blood plasma
Blood Group B (10%) How is HIV Transmitted?
- Have B antigens on the surface of RBC and A - Contaminated needles
antibodies in the blood plasma - Sexual contact
Blood Group AB (4%) - During birth if mother is infected
- have both A and B antigens on the surface of RBC - Receiving infected blood or other tissue
and NO A or B antibodies in blood plasma
Blood Group O (45%) How is HIV NOT transmitted?
- have NO A or B antigens on the surface of RBC but - Objects like toilet seats, doorknobs, etc.
have both A and B antibodies in blood plasma - Sharing food
- Swimming in the same water as infected person
LYMPH SYSTEM - Casual contact like hugging and kissing
HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
- consists of: lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, - A type of lymph cancer that appears in early
spleen, thymus, and tonsils adulthood and the cause or origin is uncertain
1. LYPMH - Involves the lymph nodes and spleen
- A fluid in which lymphocytes and monocytes are NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
suspended - A type of cancer of the lymph nodes in which some
2. LYMPH VESSELS of the cells resemble healthy cells
- Carry lymph within the lymphatic system - Usually appears during mid-life
3. LYMPH NODES - Malignant cells resemble large lymphocytes
- Filter harmful substances from the tissues NOTE: depending on how far the disease has spread, both
4. SPLEEN types can be arrested with chemotherapy and radiation
- Largest lymphatic organ, and filter s foreign material
form the blood INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
5. THYMUS - Also called the kissing disease
 - An acute infectious disease caused by the Epstein-
Barr virus
- Swollen lymph nodes are a common symptom
Allergies are a problem of the immune system that affect
millions of people
Allergy facts:
- Allergies are due to the production of the IgE
antibodies against an allergen
- Hypersensitivity increases as exposure increases
- Anaphylaxis may occur which is life-threatening if
the allergy is severe

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
- Conditions in which the body’s immune system turns
against its own healthy tissues
- An autoimmune response is the result of the T cells
attacking their own healthy cells
- Examples: lupus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis

SURGICAL TERMS
- Cancer of the lymph system may require a lymph-
node dissection.

Other procedures:
- Lymphadenectomy: removal of a lymph node
- Lymphadenotomy: incision into a lymph node
- Splenectomy: removal of the spleen
- Thymectomy: removal of the thymus gland