CLEANER PRODUCTION & Pertemuan 7

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
 CLEANER TECHNOLOGY
Suatu strategi pengelolaan lingkungan yang bersifat preventif dan terpadu
dan diterapkan secara kontinu pada proses produksi dan produk untuk
mengurangi resiko terhadap manusia dan lingkungan
WHAT IS CLEAN TECHNOLOGY
According to UNEP (United Nation Environment Program) : Cleaner production is the
continuous application of an integrated preventive strategy to processes products
and services to increase overall efficiency and reduce risk to humans and the
environment
ELEMEN ESENSIAL CP

Kontinuitas Produk Manusia

Produksi bersih
Preventive Strategi untuk : Reduksi Resiko

Integratif (Air, Udara dan

tanah )
Proses Lingkungan

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 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF A
CLEANER PRODUCTION STRATEGY

Services /
Continuous Humans
Products

Preventative Strategy for Risk Reduction

Integrative
Processes Environment
(air, water, land)

Source: United Nations Environment Programme Industry and Environment

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Gambaran Pendekatan Produksi Bersih

UP-THE-PIPE END-OF-PIPE
PENCEGAHAN PENGURANGAN DAUR PENGOLAHAN
TIMBULNYA LIMBAH TIMBULNYA LIMBAH ULANG LIMBAH

PRODUKSI BERSIH

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WASTE = INEFFICIENCY
waste waste waste waste waste

SUPPLIER PURCHASING WAREHOUSE USER PROCESS PRODUCT

waste waste waste

waste

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CLEANER PRODUCTION STRATEGIES
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 Integrated, Preventive
Environmental Protection

Waste Reduction Reuse of Waste

Level 1 Level 2 level 3

Reduction Internal External

at Source Recycling Recycling

Product Process Structures Materials

Modification Modification

Good Changed New

Housekeeping Material Selection Technologies

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 Cleaner Production
Is Accomplished by:

v Product modifications and changes;

v Input substitutions;
v Process modifications and changes;
v Modifications and changes in operational
practices;
v Reuse of materials;
v On site recycling;
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 HIRARKI TEKBER
Teknologi Bersih

Pengendalian Daur Ulang

Sumber Pencemar

Produk Pengendalian Penggunaan Kembali Pengambilan Kembali

Sumber Pencemar •Proses untuk mendapatkan kembali
•Penggantian produk •Pengembalian ke proses asal
bahan asal
•Penghematan produk •Penggantian bahan baku untuk
•Proses untuk memperoleh produk
•Perubahan komposisi produk proses lain
sampel proses lain

Perubahan Material Input

Perubahan Teknologi Tata Cara Operasi
•Pemurnian material
•Penggantian material
•Pengubahan proses •Tindakan prosedural
•Pengubahan tata letak, peralatan •Pencegahan kehilangan
atau perpipaan •Sistem manajemen
•Automasi peralatan •Pemisahan aliran limbah
•Pengubahan tatanan dan ketentuan •Peningkatan penanganan material
operasi •Penjadwalan produksi
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REDUKSI LIMBAH PADA SUMBER
¨Good housekeeping
¨Segregasi aliran limbah
¨Pemeliharaan peralatan
¨Pengelolaan inventaris
¨Pengendalian kondisi proses dan operasi
¨Modifikasi atau penggantian alat atau proses
¨Substitusi bahan
¨Modifikasi produk
¨Penggunaan alat/teknologi terbaru

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PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH
¨Penggunaan kembali, reuse
¨Daur ulang, recycle
¨Pengambilan kembali, recovery
¨Pengambilan kembali untuk dijadikan alternatif
sumber energi :retrieve to energy
¨Pemulihan atau pengkondisian kembali,
re-charge/reconditioning

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PERTUKARAN BAHAN LIMBAH
¨Pertukaran limbah mendorong pemanfaatan limbah

¨Pertukaran atau jual beli limbah, khususnya B3, harus

memperhatikan aspek fisika-kimia, ekonomi, hukum dan
lingkungan

¨Perlu adanya campur tangan pemerintah dalam berbagai

kasus tertentu

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 OLD AND NEW ATTITUDES FOR
ACHIEVING ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Vs
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 Vs
Pollutants are Pollutants are
controlled by prevented at their
filters and waste sources through
treatment integrated
methods. measures.

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 Vs
Pollution control is Cleaner Production is
evaluated when an integrated part of
processes and product and process
products have been development.
developed and when
problems arise.

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 Vs
Pollution control will Wastes are considered to
always increase be symptoms of
costs to the inefficiency.
company. Prevention of wastes is
economically and
environmentally
beneficial.

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 Vs
Environmental Environmental
improvements can improvements
only be made by should/can be made by
environmental people throughout the
experts. organization.

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FINANCIAL BENEFITS OF CLEANER
PRODUCTION
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 CLEANER PRODUCTION (1)
Good business?
­ Better choice of resources

­ Less in-process spillage

­ Less ‘end-of-pipe’ waste

­ Less observable pollution

­ Better public image

­ More reuse/recycling/recovery

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CLEANER PRODUCTION (2)
Good business? Examples
­ 3M Corporation – USA
­ Printing firm - Norway
­ Química y Textiles Proquindus - Peru
­ Cerveceria Suramericana S.A. - Ecuador
­ Plastigama S.A. - Ecuador

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CLEANER PRODUCTION (3)
3M Corporation
Pollution Prevention Pays (PPP) program Worldwide 1975 - 1990 (15 years)
­ 126,000 tons of air pollutants
­ 16,600 tons of sludge
­ 6,600 m3 of wastewater
­ 409,000 tons of solid/hazardous waste
­ 210,000 barrels of oil annually
­ US $ 506,000,000 in 15 years

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 CLEANER PRODUCTION (7)

The Ecoprofit project – a demonstration project in Graz, Austria in

1992
The environmental profit is expressed graphically

im Aft
ple er
C P me CP
re io n nt a
f o t a t
Be e n tio
n
le m
p
im

From 10 kg of raw materials to 2.16 kg of raw

materials per the same kg of paint 24
CONTOH FLOWCHART
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 MULAI

LATEKS
KEBUN

PRODUKSI CRUMB PENIMBANGAN

RUBBER
AIR PENGENCER
HOMOGENISASI CAMPURAN
LATEKS KEBUN LATEKS KEBUN LATEKS
DI BULKING
TABEL 1. NERACA MASSA KESELURUHAN PROSES PRODUKSI SODIUM
METABISULFIT (SMB)
TANK
LIMBAH

No Keterangan INPUT OUTPUT (kg/hari) CAMPURAN PEMBEKUAN

LATEKS LATEKS DI BAK BEKUAN
(kg/hari) Produk Produk Kehilangan LARUTAN ASAM PEMBEKUAN
SEMUT
Utama Samping
BEKUAN TEBAL PENGGILINGAN AIR LIMBAH
1 Bulking Tank 67813,032 67634,316 178,716 - AIR
MOBILE
CRUSHER BEKUAN TIPIS
2 Bak Pembekuan 67769,800 67769,800 - - AIR LIMBAH
BEKUAN TIPIS PENGGILINGAN
3 Mobile Crusher 234492,100 59678,086 174814,014 - AIR DI CREPER I LEMBARAN
BEKUAN 1 CM
4 Creper I 85384,303 33885,217 51499,086 - LEMBARAN AIR LIMBAH
PENGGILINGAN
5 Creper II 56427,371 29005,746 27421,625 - BEKUAN 1 CM
DI CREPER II LEMBARAN
AIR BEKUAN 0.5 CM
6 Hammer Mills 39988,674 28965,138 11023,536 - LEMBARAN
PENGGILINGAN AIR LIMBAH
7 Vortex Pump 85353,290 28860,864 56492,426 - BEKUAN 0.5 CM
DI HAMMER
LIMBAH REMAHAN
MILLS
8 Mesin Pengering 28860,864 12167,740 - 16693,124 AIR
REMAHAN
Jumlah 666089,434 327966,907 321429,403 16693,124 REMAHAN PENGGILINGAN
AIR LIMBAH
DI VORTEX LIMBAH REMAHAN
AIR PUMP
REMAHAN: BOX
MESIN PENGERING
TABEL 2. NERACA AIR KESELURUHAN PROSES PRODUKSI REMAHAN MESIN UAP PANAS
PENGERING
SIR 3L / SIR 3WF
NO KETERANGAN INPUT AIR (Kg/hari) TERDAPAT
WHITE SPOT SORTASI
WHITE SPOT
1 Pengenceran 14294,269 TIDAK TERDAPAT
2 Mobile Crusher 166722,300 WHITE SPOT
PENIMBANGAN DAN
3 Creper I 25706,217 PEMBENTUKAN BALE

4 Creper II 22542,154 YA TIDAK

PENGUJIAN
5 Hammer Mills 10982,928 MUTU SIR 3L

6 Vortex Pump 56388,152 SIR 3L SIR 3WF

7 Pencucican PENGEMASAN DAN PENGEMASAN DAN

PENYIMPANAN PENYIMPANAN
a. Bulking Tank 4743,288
a. Talang 4884,947
a. Bak Pembekuan 14400,000 SIR SIAP
DIPASARKAN
a. Box Mesin Pengering 2131,579
a. Lantai Pabrik 2430,000 SELESAI

Jumlah 325225,834
GAMBAR 1. PROSES PENGOLAHAN CRUMB RUBBER
CONTOH FLOW CHART
PEMOTONGAN HEWAN

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CONTOH FLOWCHART
PRODUKSI TAPIOKA

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HOW CLEANER PRODUCTION COULD
ACHIEVED ????
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WHAT IS CLEANER PRODUCTION?
Key elements:
­ … application of knowledge, methods and means …’
­ ‘… rational use of resources and energy …’
­ ‘… protection of the environment…’

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 WHAT IS CLEANER PRODUCTION?

The industrial mass and

energy balance

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How to increase economic
capital without decreasing Gaseous
environment ???? waste

in g
a s t a l
c re en
Heat De ronm al
v i pit
en ca Solid waste
Raw materials

Energy ic Liquid waste

n omProducts
c o
e
g al
in
s pit
a
re ca
In c Simple Mass and
Energy Balance 32
 CLEANER PRODUCTION? (3)

Resource dilution,
pollution,
i t al depletion, damage t al
ic cap e
m l
n
m o n
n o v ir p i t a
E c o En c a

Resource
insufficiency

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CLEANER PRODUCTION?
Potential options to ‘do’ better:
1. Through demand management
2. Through materials choice
3. Through least impact design
4. Through least impact utilization
5. Through reuse, recycling, recovery
6. Over entire life cycle

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WHAT IS CLEANER PRODUCTION?
Avoiding the unwise use of resources –
1.Through demand management
­ Taxing gas consumption/air transportation AND reducing cost of public
transport
­ Taxing road transport AND providing nearby employment, recreation,
shopping
­ Taxing disposable goods AND stimulating reusability/durabilit

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WHAT IS CLEANER PRODUCTION?
Avoiding the unwise use of resources –
2. Through materials choice
­ Oil-based lubricants vs. Water-based lubricants
­ Chromium sulfate tanning vs. Vegetable tanning
­ Carbon-based energy vs. Renewable energy

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WHAT IS CLEANER PRODUCTION?
Avoiding the unwise use of resources –
3. Through least impact design

­ Coffee makers with a thermos can rather than a can that needs heating
­ Electrical appliances without stand-bye mode
­ Cars that run over 30 km per liter of fuel

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WHAT IS CLEANER PRODUCTION?
Avoiding the unwise use of resources –

4. Through least impact utilization

­ Using public transport in stead of private car
­ Switching off lights when not needed
­ Shopping at a nearby location rather than far away

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WHAT IS CLEANER PRODUCTION?
Avoiding the unwise use of resources –

5. Through reuse, recycling, recovery

­ Reusing glass bottles, clothing, (waste-) water, …

­ Recycling plastics, paper, metal scrap, engine oil, …
­ Recovering metals from sludge, batteries, compost from organic
waste …

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WHAT IS CLEANER PRODUCTION?
Avoiding the unwise use of resources –
6. Over entire life cycle

­ Includes environmental effects during production, during product use

and after disposal
­ Shoes - chromium release after use
­ Tires - particles on pavement and in disposal sites
­ ICT components - maximizing reusability

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Recycling metal scrap in Guayaquil, Ecuador
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 DILUTE & DISPERSE
DEPLETION
CONCENTRATE & CONTAIN
END-OF-PIPE TREATMENT
REACTIVE APPROACHES
CLEANER PRODUCTION
CLEANER PRODUCTS
SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
& CONSUMPTION
INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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OUT OF THE BOX THINKING
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A NEW METHOD FOR GROWING
VEGETABLES
IN SPIRAL GREENHOUSES

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INNOVATIONS: OUT OF THE BOX
THINKING

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INNOVATIONS: OUT OF THE BOX THINKING -
ANSWER TO SEA LEVEL RISING?
FLOATING CARS

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Waste Prevention,
duction,
Re use,
cycle/covery,
Are good business.
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Who should be empowered to make decisions on
international and global welfare issues ?

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS
A
JOURNEY
........ NOT A DESTINATION!!

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