The President of the Republic , in the Italian political system, is the leader of the Italian State.

The
President of the Republic is a neutral power, placed outside the tripartition of powers (legislative,
executive or judicial). He carries out a function of supervision and coordination, according to the rules
established by the Italian Constitution.

The President of the Republic is a constitutional body. He is elected by Parliament. The Constitution
establishes that anyone who has Italian nationality, is at least fifty years old and enjoys civil and
political rights can be elected president.

The president's mandate lasts seven years. The current titular holder is former constitutional judge
Sergio Mattarella, who was elected on January 31, 2015.

The Parliament is an organ that holds legislative power and is composed of two chambers: the
Chamber of Deputies, of 630 members, and the Senate of the Republic, of 315 elective members plus
life senators.

Both chambers, which operate separately, have their seat in Rome: the Senate in Palazzo Madama and
the Chamber of Deputies in Palazzo Montecitorio.

The existence of parliament serves to represent the people, from a practical point of view, the
representatives in parliament are carriers of their ideals and interests.

The essential task of Parliament is the formation of ordinary laws, constitutional laws and
constitutional revision laws.

The enactment of an ordinary law requires the development of a specific process called legislative
procedure

which is divided into four stages

- initiative

- discussion and approval

- promulgation

- publication

The constitutional court was created with the task of judging whether a law conforms to the
constitution.

The purpose of the constitutional court is to check the legality of laws.

In the past there was not this need because the constitution was flexible, so placed on the same level
of an ordinary law and easily modified. The Constitutional Court is therefore an organ that guarantees
the constitutional legality against violations by the powers of the state, and against any attempt not to
apply the principles of the constitution.

It is a singular organ in that it does not belong to the ordinary judiciary.

The government is the highest level of state administration. It has the task of implementing the laws
and solving the many problems of society.
It is the holder of the executive function, i.e. the power to implement the provisions contained in the
laws. In addition, it participates with the Parliament in the legislative power and the function of
political direction, through the issuance of legislative decrees and decree-laws, and the presentation
of bills with which it intends to achieve its program.

 The Government is a body composed of 3 distinct constitutional bodies, each with specific
functions.
 The Prime Minister directs the general policy of the Government and maintains the unity of
political direction.
 The Ministers, as members of the government, collectively contribute to the formation and
implementation of its policy program.
 The Council of Ministers, consisting of the President of the Council, who presides over it, and
the ministers, is a collegial body.