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An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of knowledge that is taught and researched as part of higher education. A scholar's discipline is commonly defined and
recognized by the university faculties and learned societies to which he or she belongs and the academic journals in which he or she publishes research. However, no formal
criteria exist for defining an academic discipline.
Disciplines vary between well-established ones that exist in almost all universities and have well-defined rosters of journals and conferences and nascent ones supported by
only a few universities and publications. A discipline may have branches, and these are often called sub-disciplines.
There is no consensus on how some academic disciplines should be classified (e.g., whether anthropology and linguistics are discipline of social sciences or fields within the
humanities). More generally, the proper criteria for organizing knowledge into disciplines are also open to debate.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to academic disciplines.
Contents
1 Arts
1.1 Performing arts
1.2 Visual arts
2 Humanities
2.1 Geography
2.2 History
2.3 Languages and literature
2.4 Philosophy
3 Social sciences
3.1 Economics
3.2 Law
3.3 Political science
3.4 Psychology
3.5 Sociology
4 Sciences
4.1 Biology
4.2 Chemistry
4.3 Earth and space sciences
4.4 Mathematics
4.5 Physics
5 Applied sciences
5.1 Agriculture and agricultural sciences
5.2 Computer science
5.3 Engineering and technology
5.4 Medicine and health sciences
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Arts
Performing arts
Humanities
Geography
Philosophy
Aesthetics (outline) / Philosophy of Art History of philosophy
Applied philosophy Ancient philosophy
Philosophy of education Contemporary philosophy
Philosophy of engineering Medieval philosophy
Philosophy of history Humanism (outline)
Philosophy of language Scholasticism
Philosophy of law Modern philosophy
Philosophy of mathematics Logic (outline)
Philosophy of music Mathematical logic
Philosophy of religion Philosophical logic
Philosophy of science Meta-philosophy
Philosophy of biology Metaphysics (outline)
Philosophy of chemistry Philosophy of Action
Philosophy of economics Determinism and Free will
Philosophy of physics Ontology
Philosophy of psychology Philosophy of mind
Philosophy of social science Philosophy of pain
Systems philosophy Philosophy of artificial intelligence
Epistemology (outline) Philosophy of perception
Justification Philosophy of space and time
Reasoning errors Teleology
Ethics (outline) Theism and Atheism
Applied ethics Philosophical traditions and schools
Animal rights African philosophy
Bioethics Analytic philosophy
Environmental ethics Aristotelianism
Meta-ethics Continental philosophy
Moral psychology, Descriptive ethics, Value theory Eastern philosophy
Normative ethics Feminist philosophy
Virtue ethics Platonism
Social philosophy and political philosophy
Anarchism (outline)
Feminist philosophy
Libertarianism (outline)
Marxism
Social sciences
Economics
Law
Tort law (outline)
Administrative law Comparative law
Canon law Competition law
Civil law Constitutional law
Admiralty law Criminal law
Animal law/Animal rights Criminal justice (outline)
Civil procedure Criminal procedure
Common law Forensic science (outline)
Contract law Police science
Corporations Islamic law
Environmental law Jewish law (outline)
Family law Jurisprudence (Philosophy of Law)
Federal law Legal management
International law Business law
Public international law Corporate law
Supranational law Mercantile law
Labor law Procedural law
Paralegal studies Substantive law
Property law
Tax law
Tort law (outline)
Political science
Sociology
Analytical sociology Interpretive sociology
Applied sociology Ethnomethodology
Leisure studies Phenomenology
Political sociology Social constructionism
Public sociology Symbolic interactionism
Social engineering Jealousy sociology
Architectural sociology Macrosociology
Area studies Marxist sociology
African studies Mathematical sociology
American studies Medical sociology
Appalachian studies Mesosociology
Canadian studies Microsociology
Latin American studies Military sociology
Asian studies Natural resource sociology
Central Asian studies Organizational studies
East Asian studies Phenomenological sociology
Indology Policy sociology
Iranian studies Polish sociology
Japanese studies Psychoanalytic sociology
Korean studies Science studies/Science and technology studies
Pakistan studies Sexology
Sindhology Heterosexism
Sinology (outline) Human sexual behavior
Southeast Asian studies Human sexuality (outline)
Australian studies Queer studies/Queer theory
European studies Sex education
Celtic studies Social capital
German studies Social change
Scandinavian studies Social conflict theory
Slavic studies Social control
Middle Eastern studies Pure sociology
Behavioral sociology Social economy
Chinese sociology Social philosophy
Collective behavior Social policy
Social movements Social psychology
Community informatics Social research
Social network analysis Social stratification
Comparative sociology Social theory
Conflict theory Social transformation
Criminology/Criminal justice (outline) Computational sociology
Critical management studies Economic sociology/Socioeconomics
Critical sociology Economic development
Cultural sociology Social development
Cultural studies/ethnic studies Sociobiology
Africana studies Sociocybernetics
Cross-cultural studies Sociolinguistics
Culturology Sociological theory
Ethnology Sociology of aging
Whiteness studies Sociology of agriculture
Demography/Population Sociology of art
Digital sociology Sociology of autism
Dramaturgical sociology Sociology of childhood
Economic sociology Sociology of conflict
Educational sociology Sociology of culture
Empirical sociology Sociology of cyberspace
Environmental sociology Sociology of development
Evolutionary sociology Sociology of deviance
Feminist sociology Sociology of disaster
Figurational sociology Sociology of education
Futures studies (outline) Sociology of emotions
Gender studies Sociology of fatherhood
Men's studies Sociology of film
Women's studies Sociology of finance
Historical sociology Sociology of food
Human ecology Sociology of gender
Humanistic sociology Sociology of generations
Industrial sociology Sociology of globalization
Interactionism Sociology of government
Sociology of health and illness
Sociology of human consciousness
Sociology of immigration Sociology of social change
Sociology of knowledge Sociology of social movements
Sociology of language Sociology of space
Sociology of law Sociology of sport
Sociology of leisure Sociology of technology
Sociology of literature Sociology of terrorism
Sociology of markets Sociology of the body
Sociology of marriage Sociology of the family
Sociology of motherhood Sociology of the history of science
Sociology of music Sociology of the Internet
Sociology of natural resources Sociology of work
Sociology of organizations Sociomusicology
Sociology of peace, war, and social conflict Structural sociology
Sociology of punishment Theoretical sociology
Sociology of race and ethnic relations Urban studies or Urban sociology/Rural sociology
Sociology of religion Victimology
Sociology of risk Visual sociology
Sociology of science
Sociology of scientific knowledge
Sciences
Biology
Aerobiology Pathology
Anatomy Anatomical pathology
Comparative anatomy Clinical pathology
Human anatomy (outline) Dermatopathology
Biochemistry (outline) Forensic pathology
Bioinformatics Hematopathology
Biophysics (outline) Histopathology
Biotechnology (outline) Molecular pathology
Botany (outline) Surgical pathology
Ethnobotany Physiology
Phycology Human physiology
Cell biology (outline) Exercise physiology
Chronobiology Structural Biology
Computational biology Systematics (Taxonomy)
Cryobiology Systems biology
Developmental biology Virology
Embryology Molecular virology
Teratology Xenobiology
Ecology (outline) Zoology (outline)
Agroecology Animal communications
Ethnoecology Apiology
Human ecology Arachnology
Landscape ecology Carcinology
Endocrinology Cetology
Evolutionary biology Entomology
Genetics (outline) Forensic entomology
Behavioural genetics Ethnozoology
Molecular genetics Ethology
Population genetics Helminthology
Histology Herpetology
Human biology Ichthyology (outline)
Immunology (outline) Mammalogy
Limnology Malacology
Linnaean taxonomy Conchology
Marine biology Myrmecology (outline)
Mathematical biology Nematology
Microbiology Neuroethology
Molecular biology Oology
Mycology Ornithology (outline)
Neuroscience (outline) Planktology
Behavioral neuroscience Primatology
Nutrition (outline) Zootomy
Paleobiology Zoosemiotics
Paleontology
Parasitology
Pathology
Chemistry
Mathematics
Pure mathematics
Applied mathematics
Physics
Mechanics
Acoustics Medical physics
Applied physics Molecular physics
Astrophysics Newtonian dynamics
Atomic, molecular, and optical physics Nuclear physics
Biophysics (outline) Optics
Computational physics Plasma physics
Condensed matter physics Quantum physics
Cryogenics Solid mechanics
Electromagnetism Solid state physics
Elementary particle physics Statistical mechanics
Experimental physics Theoretical physics
Fluid dynamics Thermodynamics
Geophysics (outline) Vehicle dynamics
Mathematical physics
Mechanics
Applied sciences
Agriculture and agricultural sciences
Agroecology Aquaculture
Agrology Enology
Agronomy Food science
Animal husbandry (Animal science) Horticulture
Beekeeping (Apiculture) Hydrology (outline)
Entomology Pedology (soil study)
Agricultural economics Plant science (outline)
Agricultural engineering Pomology
Biological systems engineering Viticulture
Food engineering
Aquaculture
Computer science
Also a branch of electrical engineering
Logic in computer science Computing in social sciences, arts, humanities, and professions
Formal methods (Formal verification) Community informatics
Logic programming Computational economics
Multi-valued logic Computational finance
Fuzzy logic Computational sociology
Programming language semantics Digital humanities (Humanities computing)
Type theory History of computer hardware
Algorithms History of computer science (outline)
Computational geometry Humanistic informatics
Distributed algorithms Database (outline)
Parallel algorithms Distributed database
Randomized algorithms Object database
Artificial intelligence (outline) Relational database
Cognitive science Data management
Automated reasoning Data mining
Computer vision (outline) Information management
Machine learning Information retrieval
Artificial neural network Knowledge management
Support vector machine Multimedia, hypermedia
Natural language processing (Computational linguistics) Sound and music computing
Expert systems Distributed computing
Robotics (outline) Grid computing
Data structures Human-computer interaction
Computer architecture Information science (outline)
Computer graphics Operating systems
Image processing Parallel computing
Scientific visualization High-performance computing
Computer communications (networks) Programming languages
Cloud computing Compilers
Information theory Programming paradigms
Internet, World Wide Web Concurrent programming
Ubiquitous computing Functional programming
Wireless computing (Mobile computing) Imperative programming
Computer security and reliability Logic programming
Cryptography Object-oriented programming
Fault-tolerant computing Program semantics
Computing in mathematics, natural sciences, engineering, and medicine Type theory
Algebraic (symbolic) computation Quantum computing
Computational biology (bioinformatics) Software engineering
Computational chemistry Formal methods (Formal verification)
Computational mathematics Theory of computation
Computational neuroscience Automata theory (Formal languages)
Computational number theory Computability theory
Computational physics Computational complexity theory
Computer-aided engineering Concurrency theory
Computational fluid dynamics VLSI design
Finite element analysis
Numerical analysis
Scientific computing (Computational science)
See also
Academia (outline)
Academic genealogy
Curriculum
Multidisciplinary approach
Interdisciplinarity
Transdisciplinarity
Professions
Classification of Instructional Programs
Joint Academic Coding System
List of fields of doctoral studies in the United States
References
Abbott, Andrew (2001). Chaos of Disciplines. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-00101-2.
Oleson, Alexandra; Voss, John (1979). The Organization of knowledge in modern America, 1860-1920. ISBN 0-8018-2108-8.
US Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences. Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) (http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/cipcode/default.aspx?y=55).
National Center for Education Statistics.
External links
Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2000) (http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2002/cip2000/): Developed by the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for
Education Statistics to provide a taxonomic scheme that will support the accurate tracking, assessment, and reporting of fields of study and program completions
activity.
Complete JACS (http://www.hesa.ac.uk/jacs/completeclassification.htm) (Joint Academic Classification of Subjects) from Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA)
in the United Kingdom
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (ANZSRC 2008) (http://www.arc.gov.au/pdf/ANZSRC_FOR_codes.pdf) (web-page (http://www.abs.go
v.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/1297.0Contents12008?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=1297.0&issue=2008&num=&view=)) Chapter 3 and
Appendix 1: Fields of research classification.
Fields of Knowledge (http://www.thingsmadethinkable.com/item/fields_of_knowledge.php), a zoomable map allowing the academic disciplines and sub-disciplines in
this article be visualised.
Online reference materials (http://essayacademia.com) for any kind of specific academic disciplines.
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