Hydroxide

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Hydroxide

Names

Systematic IUPAC name

Hydroxide

Identifiers

CAS Number 14280-30-9

3D model (JSmol) Interactive image

ChEBI CHEBI:16234

ChemSpider 936

PubChem CID 961

UNII 9159UV381P

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InChI

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SMILES

Properties

Chemical formula OH−

−1
Molar mass 17.007 g·mol

Conjugate acid Water

Conjugate base Oxide anion

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in

their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Infobox references

Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH . It consists of

−

an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and

carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor
constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile, and
a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in
aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide is a
multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical. The
corresponding electrically neutral compound HO  is the hydroxyl radical. The
•

corresponding covalently bound group –OH of atoms is the hydroxy group.

Hydroxide ion and hydroxy group are nucleophiles and can act as catalysts
in organic chemistry.
Many inorganic substances which bear the word hydroxide in their names are
not ionic compounds of the hydroxide ion, but covalent compounds which
contain hydroxy groups.