Unit 2

MEIOSIS
Lesson 2.3
Prepared/Compiled by:
Florinda A. Villegas, LPT, MACDDS
Canossa Academy
Lipa City

https://www.broadlearnings.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/process-division-of-cell-picture-id883130856.jpg
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CALC-BIO-FAV-U2-L3
RECALL

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 process of cell division
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/d4/57/24/ d4572486b964c5bf12cd876a1c280126.gif

chromosomes are replicated and divided

 each new cell receives a copy oftheoriginal
DNA
 involves only the segregation of
chromosomes and organelles into
daughter cells
 is followed by Cytokinesis wherethe
cytoplasm completely separates into two
daughter cells

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 PROPHASE
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/d4/57/24/ d4572486b964c5bf12cd876a1c280126.gif

• Chromosomes
condense
• Each chromosome
consists of a pair of
identical sister
chromatids joined at
the centromere
http://bio1510.biology.gatech.edu/module-4-genes-and-genomes/4-1-cell-division-mitosis-and-meiosis/
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 METAPHASE
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/d4/57/24/ d4572486b964c5bf12cd876a1c280126.gif

• Chromosomes line
up at the middle of
the cell, along the
plane of cell division,
pushed and pulled by
microtubules of the
spindle apparatus
http://bio1510.biology.gatech.edu/module-4-genes-and-genomes/4-1-cell-division-mitosis-and-meiosis/
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 ANAPHASE
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/d4/57/24/ d4572486b964c5bf12cd876a1c280126.gif

• sister chromatids
separate and
migrate towards
opposite ends of
the cell
http://bio1510.biology.gatech.edu/module-4-genes-and-genomes/4-1-cell-division-mitosis-and-meiosis/

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 TELOPHASE
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• Chromatids cluster
at opposite ends of
the cell and begin
to decondense

http://bio1510.biology.gatech.edu/module-4-genes-and-genomes/4-1-cell-division-mitosis-and-meiosis/

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 CYTOKINESIS
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/d4/57/24/ d4572486b964c5bf12cd876a1c280126.gif

• The membrane
pinches in to divide
the two daughter
cells

http://bio1510.biology.gatech.edu/module-4-genes-and-genomes/4-1-cell-division-mitosis-and-meiosis/
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 SIGNIFICANCE OF MITOSIS
a. Growth – the number of cells in tissues and organs must increase
for growth and development
b. Cell replacement – any cells that are worn out or damaged can be
replaced
c. Asexual reproduction – occurs through mitosis in simpler organisms
which produces daughter cells identical to the parent cell
d. Genetic stability – the chromosome number and genetic instructions
are retained and maintained from one generation to the next
e. Regeneration – in some animals, new cells are produced to
regenerate lost or damaged body parts
Rey, J.D. & Ramos, J.M. (2018). General Biology 1. Malaysia: Oxford Publ Sdn. Bhd.
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TRUE or FALSE?

https://www.biologycorner.com/bio2/notes_meiosis.html

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TRUE or FALSE?
• Every cell has a nucleus.

https://www.biologycorner.com/bio2/notes_meiosis.html

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TRUE or FALSE?
• Every cell has a nucleus.
• Every nucleus has CHROMOSOMES.

https://www.biologycorner.com/bio2/notes_meiosis.html

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TRUE or FALSE?
• Every cell has a nucleus.
• Every nucleus has CHROMOSOMES.
• The number of chromosomes depends on the
species, e.g. humans have 46 chromosomes.

https://www.biologycorner.com/bio2/notes_meiosis.html

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TRUE or FALSE?
• Every cell has a nucleus.
• Every nucleus has CHROMOSOMES.
• The number of chromosomes depends on the
species, e.g. humans have 46 chromosomes.
• Genes are located on the chromosomes.

https://www.biologycorner.com/bio2/notes_meiosis.html

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TRUE or FALSE?
• Every cell has a nucleus.
• Every nucleus has CHROMOSOMES.
• The number of chromosomes depends on the
species, e.g. humans have 46 chromosomes.
• Genes are located on the chromosomes.
• Genes control the TRAITS of the individual.

https://www.biologycorner.com/bio2/notes_meiosis.html

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TRUE or FALSE?
1. Every cell has a nucleus.
2. Every nucleus has CHROMOSOMES.
3. The number of chromosomes depends on the
species, e.g. humans have 46 chromosomes.
4. Genes are located on the chromosomes.
5. Genes control the TRAITS of the individual.
6. Genotype determines phenotype.
https://www.biologycorner.com/bio2/notes_meiosis.html

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TRUE or FALSE:
• Every cell has a nucleus.
• Every nucleus has CHROMOSOMES.
• The number of chromosomes depends on the
species, e.g. humans have 46 chromosomes.
• Genes are located on the chromosomes.
• Genes control the TRAITS of the individual.
• Genotype determines phenotype.

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 Chromosomes come in matching sets.
These are called HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS.
• Homologous chromosomes are two
pieces of DNA within a diploid
organism which carry the same genes,
one from each parental source.
• In simpler terms, both of your parents
provide a complete genome.
• Each parent provides the same
23 chromosomes, which encode the
https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/8Sal5tGe42OBwRUey
QOw_OJt6to=/768x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(1 same genes. https://biologydictionary.net/homologous-chromosomes/
50000):strip_icc():format(webp)/GettyImages-
764793193-e8f09cb6bc4843c0a7363db1d0a34c95.jpg

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Sperm and egg are both known as GAMETES.
• Gametes are an organism's
reproductive cells.
• Gametes are also referred
to as sex cells.
• Male gametes are called
sperm.
• Female gametes are called
ova or egg cells.
• Gametes are haploid cells,
https://study.com/cimages/videopreview/gametes-definition-formation- and each cell carries only
fusion_01001216_111312.jpg
one copy of each
chromosome.
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The process of creating a gamete (sex cell)
is called MEIOSIS.

• Oogenesis makes
eggs (ovum).

• Spermatogenesis
makes sperm.

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spermatogenesis-and-oogenesis.jpg CALC-BIO-FAV-U2-L3 10/4/2021 21
MEIOSIS
• type of cell division that reduces the number
of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and
produces four gamete cells
• required to produce egg and sperm cells for
sexual reproduction
During reproduction, when the sperm and egg unite
to form a single cell, the number of chromosomes is
restored in the offspring. https://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/meiosis-88
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https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-meiosis
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Interkinesis (Interphase II)
• Period between Meiosis I and Meiosis II
(Only occurs in animal cells.)
• No duplication occurs at this stage
Rey, J.D. & Ramos, J.M. (2018). General Biology 1. Malaysia: Oxford University Press.

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 SIGNIFICANCE OF MEIOSIS
• Produces gametes for sexual reproduction
• Maintains the diploid chromosome number
Reduction of chromosome number by half forms haploid gametes, so
that when the gametes combine, the resulting offspring has diploid
number of chromosomes.
• Increases genetic variation when male and
female gametes fuse together
During reproduction, when the sperm and egg unite to form a single
cell, the number of chromosomes is restored in the offspring.
Rey, J.D. & Ramos, J.M. (2018). General Biology 1. Malaysia: Oxford Publ Sdn. Bhd.
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Events in Meiosis
• Refer to pp. 175-179; 181-182

Terms in Meiosis
• Refer to pp. 179-180

Comparison between Mitosis and Meiosis

• Refer to pp. 180-181

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 Checkpoint 4.3
•Refer to pp. 182; 280-281

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A kinetochore is a
disc-shaped protein
structure associated
with duplicated
chromatids in
eukaryotic cells where
the spindle fibers
attach during cell
division to pull sister
chromatids apart.
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 Asters are vital to the
processes
of mitosis and meiosis.
They are a component of
the spindle apparatus,
which also includes
spindle fibers, motor
proteins, and
chromosomes. Asters help
to organize and position
the spindle apparatus
during cell division.
https://www.thoughtco.com/asters- https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/P9-
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20the,spindle%20apparatus%20during%20cell%
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Asters
• radial microtubule arrays found
in animal cells
• form around each pair
of centrioles during mitosis
• help to
manipulate chromosomes during cell
division to ensure that each daughter
cell has the appropriate complement of
chromosomes
• consist of astral microtubules that are
generated from cylindrical
microtubules called centrioles.
• Centrioles are found within
the centrosome,
an organelle located near the
cell nucleus that forms the spindle
poles.
https://www.thoughtco.com/asters-
373536#:~:text=Asters%20are%20vital%20to%20the,spi
ndle%20apparatus%20during%20cell%20division.
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Asters…
• are vital to the processes of mitosis and meiosis
• are a component of the spindle apparatus, which
also includes spindle fibers, motor proteins, and
chromosomes.
• help to organize and position the spindle apparatus
during cell division.
https://www.thoughtco.com/asters-
373536#:~:text=Asters%20are%20vital%20to%20the,spindle%
20apparatus%20during%20cell%20division.
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 You may want to go to:

Meiosis - Plants and Animals

https://youtu.be/jjEcHra3484
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 PERFORMANCE TASK
You are a member of an Information Technology team
commissioned by the Department of Health to create an
infographic about the disorders and diseases that result
from the malfunction of the cell during the cell cycle. Your
target audience are ordinary Filipinos who do not know
anything about the Cell Cycle. You will be graded based on
creativity/design, content, clarity of message/use of non-
technical language, and punctuality.
 5 4 3 2 1
Creativity/Design Disorganized
Highly organized, Organized, very Organized, good Organized, good
layout & color
excellent layout & good layout & layout & color layout & color
scheme,
color scheme, color scheme, scheme, legible scheme, legible,
distracting &
legible & legible & & appropriate but inappropriate
inappropriate
appropriate font appropriate font font font
font
Content Quantity and
Information is Information is Information is Information is
quality of
accurate, but accurate, but inaccurate and highly inaccurate
information are
incomplete limited doubtful and incomplete
commendable
Clarity of Message/
Audience interest
Use of Non-Technical Language is Language used is
can be sustained Message is
Language comprehensible quite confusing, Message is
due to use of clear, confusing due to
and relatable, with although there is unclear and
comprehensible use of technical
very minimal evidence of highly technical
and relatable language
adjustments effort
language
Punctuality Submitted before Submitted on the One point deduction per day
the deadline due date after the deadline
Choose from any of the following:
 Thank you!
Keep safe and God bless!