CYTOPLASM

(Between nucleus and cell membrane)

Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/cytoplasm.html

Organelles suspended
in gel-like goo

ORGANELLE-
small structure with a
specific function (job)

Image from: http://faculty.stcc.cc.tn.us/jiwilliams/labprojectsmenu.htm

 NUCLEUS
Surrounded by
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
(also called NUCLEAR MEMBRANE)

DOUBLE MEMBRANE

Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_06/5_11.GIF

 NUCLEUS

NUCLEAR PORES
Openings to allow molecules to
move in and out of nucleus
Image from: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html
 WHAT DOES IT DO?
Contains genetic material (DNA)
DNA is scrunched up
as CHROMOSOMES
in dividing cells

DNA is spread out

as CHROMATIN
in non-dividing cells
 WHAT DOES IT DO?
Control center
of cell
Image from:

Genetic code tells the

cell’s parts what to do

Image from: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

 NUCLEOLUS
Image from: http://lifesci.rutgers.edu/~babiarz/histo/cell/nuc3L.jpg

Dark spot in
nucleus =
__________
NUCLEOLUS

Makes RNA for ribosomes

Image from: http://anthro.palomar.edu/animal/default.htm

CYTOSKELETON
• Helps cell maintain shape

• Help move organelles around

Made of PROTEINS:

MICROFILAMENTS (Actin)
&
MICROTUBULES (Tubulin)

Image from: © Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall; All rights reserved
CENTRIOLES
Appear during cell
division to guide
chromosomes apart
 MITOCHONDRIA
Surrounded by a
DOUBLE membrane

Has its own DNA

Folded inner membrane

increases surface area
for more chemical
reactions
Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe
 WHAT DOES IT DO? Images from:
http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/mito.html

http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html

“Powerplant of cell”

Burns glucose to
release energy

Stores energy as ATP

Image by: Riedell
 RIBOSOMES
• Made of PROTEINS and RNA

• Protein factory for cell

Join amino acids to make proteins


Image by: RIedell
Image from: http://www.ust.hk/roundtable/hi-tech.series/1_b1.jpg
 RIBOSOMES
Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/endoplasmic.jpe

Can be attached to
Rough ER

OR

free in cytoplasm

Image from: http://www.mccc.edu/~chorba/celldiagram.htm

 ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM (ER)
• Has RIBOSOMES
attached

• Proteins are made on

ribosomes and inserted
into Rough ER to be
modified and
transported

Image from: http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/cells/ER.jpg

 SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM (smooth ER)
Image from: http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0073.JPG

• Has NO
ribosomes
attached
• Has enzymes for
special tasks
 SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM (smooth ER)
Image from:http://www.accs.net/users/kriel/chapter%20eight/smooth%20er.gif

•Makes membrane lipids (steroids)

•Regulates calcium (muscle cells)
•Destroys toxic substances (Liver)
 GOLGI APPARATUS
(BODY)
Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.h
Image from: http://www.rsbs.anu.edu

• Pancake like
membrane
stacks

Modify, sort, & package

molecules from ER
for storage OR
transport out of cell
Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.h
 LYSOSOMES
Animation from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/lysosomes.html

Membrane bound sacs

that contain PROTEINS
called digestive enzymes

Digest food, unwanted molecules,

old organelles, cells, bacteria, etc
FLAGELLA

Help in cell
movement
 CILIA
Animation from: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/13-cells.htm

Move cell itself

 CILIA
Move substances
past cells

http://www.sk.lung.ca/content.cfm?edit_realword=hwbreathe
WHAT’S SPECIAL ABOUT
PLANT CELLS?
• Cell wall
• HUGE vacuoles
• Chloroplasts
• No centrioles

Plant vs Animal cells

 CELL WALL
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/kids_space/images/brick_wall.jpg
Supports and
protects cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/13-cells.htm

Outside of
cell membrane

Made of carbohydrates & proteins

CELLULOSE
Plant cell walls are mainly _____________
 VACUOLES
Image from: http://www.metoliusfriends.org/csca/images/tupperware.jpg

• Storage space for

WATER, salts,
proteins (enzymes),
carbohydrates, and
waste

Vacuoles SMALL in ANIMAL CELLS

NO VACUOLES IN BACTERIA
 CHLOROPLASTS
http://www.seorf.ohiou.edu/~tstork/compass.rose/photosynthesis/chloro_sun_bathing.gif

• Use energy from

sunlight to make
own food (glucose)

http://stallion.abac.peachnet.edu/sm/kmccrae/BIOL2050/Ch1-13/JpegArt1-13/04jpeg/04-28_chloroplasts_1.jpg
 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2

Smooth endoplasmic
Vacuole reticulum
Ribosome
(free)
Chloroplast
Ribosome
(attached)
Cell
Membrane
Nuclear
Cell wall envelope

Nucleolus

Golgi
apparatus Nucleus

Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Plant Cell

Go to
Section:
 WHAT’S DIFFERENT ABOUT
BACTERIAL CELLS?
• Cell wall
• NO NUCLEAR
MEMBRANE
• DNA is circular
• No membrane
bound organelles
See video
http://www.eurekascience.com/ICanDoThat/bacteria_cells.htm
BACTERIA have a CELL WALL BUT…
Image from: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/procaryotes/images/procaryote.jpg

IT’S MADE OF
DIFFERENT

MOLECULESthan
plant cell walls!

PEPTIDOGLYCAN
_______________ NOT CELLULOSE!
 WHICH IS BIGGER?

Plant cell Animal cell bacteria

_________ > _____________ > ___________
DIFFERENCES IN ANIMAL CELLS, PLANT CELLS, AND BACTERIA

ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL BACTERIA

Eukaryotes Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
Cell membrane Cell membrane Cell membrane
Nuclear membrane Nuclear membrane NO nuclear membrane
NO cell wall Cell wall made of Cell wall made of
CELLULOSE PEPTIDOGLYCAN
Has ribosomes Has ribosomes Has ribosomes
DNA in multiple DNA in multiple DNA is a single
chromosomes chromosomes circular ring
CYTOSKELETON CYTOSKELETON CYTOSKELETON
Small vacuoles Really big vacuole NO vacuoles
Has lysosomes Has lysosomes NO lysosomes
Has centrioles NO centrioles NO centrioles
NO chloroplasts Chloroplasts NO chloroplasts
SMALLER SMALL SMALLEST
 No membrane
bound organelles
Organelles with
membranes
BACTERIA are PLANTS & ANIMALS
PROKARYOTES are EUKARYOTES
USE WORDS FROM THE WORD BANKS TO COMPLETE THE VENN DIAGRAM COMPARISON