Quarter

1 Vast Microscopic World of Cells:

Cellular Parts, Modifications,
Transport and Biomolecules
WEEK 1

CELL
THEORY
 Matthias Schleiden
Theodore Schwann
 Conducted a  Study animal
microscopic tissues and
study of plant concluded that
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concluded that made up of

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plants are made cells.

up of cells.
 Rudolf Virchow Robert Brown
 Suggested  Provided the
that cells first account of
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came from the nucleus –
pre-existing the conspicuous
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cells through central

cell division. structure in a
cell.
 Their discoveries led to the
development of the CELL
Matthias Schleiden THEORY.
Rudolf Virchow Theodore Schwann

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 CELL THEORY
The cell is the basic All living
structural & functional creatures Cell come from
unit of living organisms. consist of pre-existing
The cell is the basic one or more cells.
unit of life. cells.
 CELL THEORY
The cell is the basic All living
structural & functional creatures Cell come from
unit of living organisms. consist of pre-existing
The cell is the basic one or more cells.
unit of life. cells.

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 CELL THEORY

All living creatures

consist of one or more
cells.

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 CELL THEORY

Cell come from pre-

existing cells.

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WEEK 1

CELL
STRUCTU
This diagram
shows the size of
human skin cells,
and organelles.
Skin
cells
CELLS  the organisms‘ smallest
unit
mitochond
rion

ORGANELLE
 specialized cell parts, which
have a specific function to do
 membrane-bounded structures where multiple
biochemical processes can proceed simultaneously
and independently
 COMMON
STRUCTURES
 Plasma Membrane OF
 Cytoplasm
 DNA
CELLS
 COMMON
STRUCTURES
1. PLASMA MEMBRANE OF
 separate the cell’s structures


CELLS
from the environment
controls the exchange of
materials between the cell &
its environment
 primarily composed of lipids
and proteins
 COMMON
STRUCTURES OF
2. CYTOPLASM
 jelly-like mixture of water,
sugars, ions, andCELLS
proteins
 where major part of a cell’s
metabolism occurs & where
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 COMMON
STRUCTURES OF
3. DNA
 Deoxyribonucleic acid
CELLS
 self-replicating material
present in nearly all living
organisms as the main
constituent of chromosomes
 carrier of genetic
information
 EUKARYOTIC CELL
STRUCTURES
STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION& FUNCTION
FUNCTION
Cell wall Outer layer of cellulose or Protection; support
chitin; or absent
Cytoskeleton Network of protein filaments Structural support; cell movement
Nucleus Structure, surrounded by Control center of cell; directs protein
double membrane, that synthesis and cell reproduction
contains chromosomes
 EUKARYOTIC CELL
STRUCTURES
STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
DESCRIPTION FUNCTION
Plasma membrane Lipid bilayer with embedded Regulates what passes into and out of
proteins cell; cell-to-cell recognition

Endoplasmic Network of internal Forms compartments and vesicles;

reticulum membranes participates in protein and lipid synthesis

Nucleolus Site of genes for rRNA Assembles ribosomes

synthesis
 EUKARYOTIC CELL
STRUCTURES
STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION& FUNCTION
FUNCTION
Golgi apparatus Stacks of flattened vesicles Packages proteins for export from cell;
forms secretory vesicles

Lysosomes Vesicles derived from Golgi Digest worn-out organelles and cell debris;
apparatus that contain hydrolytic play role in cell death
digestive enzymes

Microbodies Vesicles formed from incorporation Isolate particular chemical activities from
of lipids and proteins containing rest of cell
oxidative and other enzymes
 EUKARYOTIC CELL
STRUCTURES
STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
DESCRIPTION FUNCTION
Mitochondria Bacteria-like elements with double “Power plants” of the cell; sites of
membrane oxidative metabolism
Chloroplasts Bacteria-like elements with Sites of photosynthesis
membranes containing
chlorophyll, a photosynthetic
pigment

Chromosomes Long threads of DNA that form a Contain hereditary information

complex with Protein
 EUKARYOTIC CELL
STRUCTURES
STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
DESCRIPTION FUNCTION
Vacuoles Single membrane sac filled with Store various substances
liquid or sap (water, sugar and including waste products
ions)
Ribosomes Small, complex assemblies of Sites of protein synthesis
protein and RNA, often bound
to endoplasmic reticulum
WEEK 1

STRUCTURES
OF A PLANT &
ANIMAL CELL