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    This document summarizes key structures and functions of eukaryotic cells. It discusses organelles such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and cytoskeleton. The nucleus contains DNA and directs protein synthesis. The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are involved in protein processing and transport. Mitochondria produce cellular energy. Lysosomes and peroxisomes break down molecules through digestion and oxidation. The cytoskeleton, composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, maintains cell shape and enables movement of organelles and vesicles.

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    CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

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    This document summarizes key structures and functions of eukaryotic cells. It discusses organelles such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and cytoskeleton. The nucleus contains DNA and directs protein synthesis. The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are involved in protein processing and transport. Mitochondria produce cellular energy. Lysosomes and peroxisomes break down molecules through digestion and oxidation. The cytoskeleton, composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, maintains cell shape and enables movement of organelles and vesicles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    23 views29 pages

    Cell Structure and Function

    Uploaded by

    IndraPramanaIdaBagus
    This document summarizes key structures and functions of eukaryotic cells. It discusses organelles such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and cytoskeleton. The nucleus contains DNA and directs protein synthesis. The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are involved in protein processing and transport. Mitochondria produce cellular energy. Lysosomes and peroxisomes break down molecules through digestion and oxidation. The cytoskeleton, composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, maintains cell shape and enables movement of organelles and vesicles.

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    of 29

    CELL STRUCTURE AND

    FUNCTION

    Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi


    Dept. of Biochemistry
    Faculty of Medicine Udayana University
    http://www.encognitive.com
    Characteristic Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
    http://facinatingamazinganimals.wordpress.com http://www.mhhe.com
    www.stiffneck.org
    NUCLEUS
    CENTRAL DOGMA
    DNA REPLICATION

    DNA
    TRANSCRIPTION

    REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION

    RNA TRANSLATION
    PROTEIN

    RNA REPLICATION
    www.tokresource.org
    RIBOSOMES

    http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

    http://ridge.icu.ac.jp/biobk/BioBookCELL2.html
    RIBOSOMES
    Ø Can be found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
    Ø Eukaryotic ribosomes are slightly larger than
    prokaryotic ones
    Ø Structurally consist of a small and larger subunit
    Ø Biochemically consist of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and
    some 50 structural proteins
    Ø Free ribosomes or as a cluster on the endoplasmic
    reticulum
    Ø Catalyze the synthesis of protein
    ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

    http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu
    ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
    Ø Smooth and rough ER
    Ø Forms the outer bilayer of the nuclear
    envelope
    Ø Protein processing and lipid biosynthesis
    Ø Regulate the cytoplasmic Ca2+
    concentration
    Ø Very dynamic; continuous bidirectional
    traffic between ER and Golgi apparatus
    GOLGI APPARATUS

    http://jc-
    biology.blogspot.com/2011/02/st
    ructure-and-functions-of-
    organelles.html
    PROTEIN TARGETING

    http://bass.bio.uci.edu
    http://www.fastbleep.com
    MITOCHONDRIA
    • Primary role: to produce
    90% energy (ATP) via
    oxidative
    phosphorylation.
    • Mitochondrial
    dysfunction à defect on
    oxidative
    phosphorylation, usually
    coincides with the
    occurrence of excess
    Reactive Oxygen Species
    (ROS) production
    àoxidative stress
    MITOCHONDRIA
    LYSOSOMES

    http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html
    LYSOSOMES

    http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_lysosome.html

    http://bioserv.fiu.edu
    PEROXISOMES

    http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/peroxisomes/peroxisomes.html
    Lysosome and Peroxisome

    Characteristics of lysosomes: Characteristics of peroxisomes:


    Ø fuses with food vacuoles Ø not a part of the
    and membranous vesicles endomembrane system
    Ø contains hydrolytic Ø break down substances via
    enzymes for digestion oxidation
    Ø digests macromolecules Ø detoxify
    Ø breaks down damaged Ø break down fatty acids
    organelles Ø built with proteins from
    Ø built with proteins from ribosomes in the cytosol
    the rough ER

    Campbell, Neil and Jane Reece, Lisa Urry et al. Biology, 8th ed.
    Pearson Education. 2008.
    CYTOSKELETON
    Microfilaments
    solid protein (actin) which is assembled at
    one end and disassembled at the other end
    maintain cell shape by resisting tension (pull)
    used in cell division
    muscle contraction

    Intermediate filaments - rope-like fibrous


    proteins
    provide structural reinforcement by resisting
    tension (pull)
    anchor organelles
    keep nucleus in place

    Microtubules - hollow tubes of tubulin (a globular


    protein)
    maintains cell shape by resisting compression
    (push)
    anchor organelles
    movement of organelles
    track for motor proteins
    http://www.uic.edu
    http://id.images.search.yahoo.com/images/view
    CELL CYCLE

    http://www2.le.ac.uk
    tvesper.blogspot.com

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