PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN

COLLEGE OF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY

NAME: Mia Grace G. Navarro____ DATE: _08-18-2022_____

GROUP NO. :____________ RATING: _______________

ACTIVITY NO. 3
The Cell
I- Label the parts of animal and plant cell

PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL

1. Nucleus 1. Nucleus
2. Nuclear Pore 2. Nuclear Pore
3. Nuclear Envelope 3. Nuclear Envelope
4. Nucleolus 4. Nucleolus
5. Chromatin 5. Chromatin
6. Mitochondrion 6. Mitochondrion
7. Vacuole 7. Vacuole
8. Ribosomes 8. Lysosome
9. Golgi Apparatus 9. Golgi Apparatus
10. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum 10. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
11. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 11. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
12. Cell Wall 12. Secretory Vesicle
13. Cell Membrane 13. Plasma Membrane
14. Cytoplasm 14. Cytoplasm
15. Chloroplast 15. Microtubules
16. Centrioles
17. Ribosomes
 II- Draw the Fluid Mosaic Model of the Cell Membrane. Label and give the function/s of
each part
Fluid Mosaic Model of the Cell Membrane

Functions of each part

 Nonpolar Regions of Phospholipid Molecules.

The interior of the membrane, between its two surfaces, is a hydrophobic or nonpolar
region because of the fatty acid tails. This region has no attraction for water or other polar
molecules.

 Polar Regions of Phospholipid Molecules

The polar region of a phospholipid leads to the formation of a bilayer because they
interact with the polar solvent water. This leads to a situation whereby the solvent on the
inside and outside of the membrane must interact with the polar phosphate groups with
the nonpolar lipids buried in the middle of the bilayer.

 Membrane Channel
Membrane channels are a family of biological membrane proteins which allow the
passive movement of ions (ion channels), water (aquaporins) or other solutes to passively
pass through the membrane down their electrochemical gradient.
 Carbohydrate Chains
Carbohydrate Chains, also knownas glycolipids/glycoproteins, are chains found on the
surface of the cell membrane that are made of carbohydrates + lipid (or) protein. The
primary function of these chains is to recognize harmful cells.

 Receptor Molecule
A receptor molecule, usually a protein, that receives signals on behalf of a cell. Small
molecules, such as hormones outside the cell or second messengers within the cell, bind
to their receptors tightly and specifically.

 External Membrane Surface

The cell wall and an additional outer membrane surround the plasma membrane in some
species of bacteria. The outer membrane contains porins, which provide open aqueous
channels that let ions and small molecules pass freely through the membrane

 Phospholipid Bilayer
Phospholipid bilayers are required for cell membranes to function. The lipid bilayer
prevents molecules and ions from entering and exiting the cell. However, one of the most
important functions of the cell membrane is to allow only certain substances into and out
of cells.

 Internal Membrane Surface

As a result, the cell membrane serves two functions: first, as a barrier that keeps cell
constituents in and unwanted substances out, and second, as a gate that allows essential
nutrients into the cell and waste products out

 Cholesterol
Cholesterol influences membrane fluidity, but its primary function is to make the cell
membrane less permeable. Cholesterol helps to prevent molecules from passing through
by causing phospholipids to pack together more tightly.

 Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a structure that assists cells in maintaining their shape and organizing
themselves. It also provides cells with the mechanical support they require to move and
divide.
 III- Complete the following table:
ORGANELLES DESCRIPTION
Nucleus In genomics, a nucleus is the
membrane-enclosed organelle
within a cell that contains the
chromosomes. The nuclear
membrane's array of holes, or
pores, allows for the selective
passage of certain molecules
(such as proteins and nucleic
acids) into and out of the nucleus.
Mitochondria Mitochondria are membrane-
bound cell organelles that
produce the majority of the
chemical energy required to
power the cell's biochemical
reactions (mitochondrion,
singular).
Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth E R (SER) is linked to
Smooth ER fat and steroid hormone
production and metabolism. It is
called'smooth' because it lacks
ribosomes and is associated with
smooth, slippery fats.
Rough ER (RER) is involved in
Rough ER protein synthesis, folding, quality
control, and despatch. It is called
"rough" because it is densely
packed with ribosomes.
COMPOSITION AND
METABOLIC FUNCTIONS
Composition- made up of tightly
packed arrangement of protons
and neutrons.
Metabolic Functions - The
nucleus controls and regulates
the cell's activities and houses the
genes, which contain hereditary
information.
Composition- Mitochondria
contains deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) and ribosomes, protein-
producing organelles in the
cytoplasm.
Metabolic Functions- The classic
role of mitochondria is oxidative
phosphorylation, which produces
ATP by utilizing the energy
released during food oxidation.
In turn, ATP serves as the
primary energy source for the
majority of biochemical and
physiological processes,
including growth, movement, and
homeostasis.
Composition- The smooth
endoplasmic reticulum is
primarily composed of three-
dimensional polygonal networks
of tubules called cisternae.
Metabolic Function: It
synthesizes lipids, phospholipids
as in plasma membranes, and
steroids.
Composition- The rough
endoplasmic reticulum
membranes are made of lipids,
just like the membrane that
surrounds the entire cell.
Ribosomes are other organelles
found on the surface of rough
endoplasmic reticulum.

Golgi complex The Golgi apparatus, also known
as the Golgi complex, serves as a
factory where proteins from the
ER are further processed and
sorted before being transported to
their final destinations:
lysosomes, the plasma
membrane, or secretion.
Lysosome Lysosomes are membrane-
enclosed organelles that contain a
variety of enzymes that can
degrade all types of biological
polymers, including proteins,
nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and
lipids.
Peroxisome Are small, membrane-bound
organelles containing enzymes
involved in a variety of metabolic numerous membrane-bound
reactions.
Metabolic Functions- The rough
ER, studded with millions of
membrane bound ribosomes, is
involved with the production,
folding, quality control and
despatch of some proteins.
Composition- made up of a series
of flattened stacked pouches
called cisternae
Metabolic Functions- It is
responsible for transporting,
modifying, and packaging
proteins and lipids into vesicles
for delivery to targeted
destinations.
Composition- The major
constituents identified in
lysosomes were sphingomyelin,
lecithin, cephalin, neutral tri-
glycerides, and cholesterol
Metabolic Functions- Lysosomes
are membrane-bound organelles
that can be found in all
eukaryotic cells. They are
commonly referred to as terminal
catabolic stations because they
rid cells of waste and scavenge
metabolic building blocks that
sustain essential biosynthetic
reactions during starvation.
Composition- are composed of a
phospholipid bilayer and
proteins
Metabolic Functions-.
Peroxisomes are organelles that
regulate metabolism, reactive
oxygen species detoxification,
and signaling by sequestering
various oxidative reactions.
IV. Reference/s used: (APA format 7th edition)

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%20hydrophobic%20tails.

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NUCLEUS. (2022, August 17). National Human Genome Research Institute. Retrieved August

18, 2022, from https://www.genome.gov/genetics-

glossary/Nucleus#:~:text=A%20nucleus%2C%20as%20related%20to,and%20out%20of

%20the%20nucleus.

Anatomy, G. (2021). Basic structure and function of cells. ScienceDirect. Retrieved August 18,

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