CELLS STRUCTURE

AND FUNCTION
NI NYOMAN AYU DEWI
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
FACULTY OF MEDICINE UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
Characteristic Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
www.stiffneck.org
NUCLEUS
 CENTRAL DOGMA
DNA REPLICATION

DNA
TRANSCRIPTION

REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION

RNA TRANSLATION PROTEIN

RNA REPLICATION
www.tokresource.org
 RIBOSOMES

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

http://ridge.icu.ac.jp/biobk/BioBookCELL2.html
 RIBOSOMES
 Can be found in both prokaryotes and
eukaryotes
 Eukaryotic ribosomes are slightly larger than
prokaryotic ones
 Structurally consist of a small and larger
subunit
 Biochemically consist of ribosomal RNA
 (rRNA) and some 50 structural proteins
 Free ribosomes or as a cluster on the 
endoplasmic reticulum
 Catalyze the synthesis of protein
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu
 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
 Smooth and rough ER
 Forms the outer bilayer of the nuclear
envelope
 Protein processing and lipid
biosynthesis
 Regulate the cytoplasmic Ca2+
concentration
 Very dynamic; continuous bidirectional
traffic between ER and Golgi
apparatus
 GOLGI APPARATUS

http://jc-biology.blogspot.com/2011/02/structure-and-fu
nctions-of-organelles.html
PROTEIN TARGETING

http://bass.bio.uci.edu
http://www.fastbleep.com
 MITOCHONDRIA
• Primary role: to
produce 90% energy
(ATP) via oxidative
phosphorylation.
• Mitochondrial
dysfunction  defect
on oxidative
phosphorylation,
usually coincides with
the occurrence of
excess Reactive
Oxygen Species
(ROS) production
oxidative stress
 MITOCHONDRIA

University of California Museum of Paleontology's Understanding Science

(http://www.understandingscience.org)
 LYSOSOMES

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html
 LYSOSOMES

http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_lysosome.html

http://bioserv.fiu.edu
 PEROXISOMES

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/peroxisomes/peroxisomes.html
 Lysosome and Peroxisome

Lysosome Peroxisome
 fuses with food vacuoles  not a part of the
and membranous vesicles endomembrane system
 contains hydrolytic enzymes  break down substances via
for digestion oxidation
 digests macromolecules  detoxify
 breaks down damaged  break down fatty acids
organelles  built with proteins from
 built with proteins from the ribosomes in the cytosol
rough ER

Campbell, Neil and Jane Reece, Lisa Urry et al. Biology,

8th ed. Pearson Education. 2008.
CYTOSKELETON
Microfilaments
solid protein (actin) which is assembled at one end and
disassembled at the other end
maintain cell shape by resisting tension (pull)
used in cell division
muscle contraction

Intermediate filaments - rope-like fibrous proteins

provide structural reinforcement by resisting tension (pull)
anchor organelles
keep nucleus in place

Microtubules - hollow tubes of tubulin (a globular

protein)
maintains cell shape by resisting compression (push)
anchor organelles
movement of organelles
track for motor proteins

http://www.uic.edu
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Do you have any questions?
ayu.dewi@unud.ac.id

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