Activity 1: Cell Structure

In this activity you will learn about the different types of cells and get to create your very
own.
I. Venn Diagram
Directions: Differentiate prokaryotes from eukaryotes.

Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes

 Has a nucleus
 Has a nucleoid  Multicellular
region  Has nuclear
 Both are cells
 Unicellular membrane
 Both have cell  Has membrane
 No nuclear
membrane, bound organelles
membrane  Animals, plants, and
cytoplasm, and
 No membrane fungi
Ribosome
bound organelles  Has Endoplasmic
 Both cells have
 Bacteria reticulum (Rough and
the same basic Smooth), Golgi
 Has cell wall
chemical Apparatus,
outside plasma Lysosomes, Vacuoles,
composition
membrane, pilus, Microtubules,
flagellum, and Microfilaments,
plasmid Plastids, and
Centriole.

II. In the following matrix, put check in the box to show the organelle is present in
prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells, or both, and state in 1 sentence what the function
of the organelle is.

Organelle Prokaryote Eukaryote Function

Cell Provide protection, surrounds the cell's
Membrane / / cytoplasm and regulates the flow of
substances in and out of the cell.

Cell wall Outer covering of most cells that

/ / protects the bacterial cell and gives it
shape. In other words, it provides
support to the plant’s body.
 Nucleus It stores the cell's DNA and controls or
/ regulates all chemical reactions within
the cell.

Mitochondria The power house of and cell, it release

/ energy from food molecules and
transforms it into usable ATP.

Chloroplast Responsible for the conversion of light

/ energy into chemical energy of sugars
during photosynthesis.

Endoplasmic No ribosomes; involved in the synthesis

reticulum / and transport of lipids.
(smooth)
Golgi For storage, modification and packing
apparatus / of materials produced for secretory
export, also involved in the formation
of lysosomes and other transport
vesicles of the cell.

Lysosomes Responsible for digestion of nutrients,

/ bacteria and damaged cells.

Ribosomes Cell structures responsible for protein

/ / production. In other words, it
synthesizes protein molecules.

Endoplasmic Associated with active protein

Reticulum / synthesis process.
(rough)
Vacuole Store and release various substances
/ / within the cytoplasm, responsible for
cell enlargement and water balance.

III. What I’ve Learned

Directions: On the lines below, write about what you’ve learned by doing the
activities in this packet. Be specific as possible and use COMPLETE SENTENCES.

Let me tell you about some of the important things I’ve learned about cells. First,
I’ll start with the cell itself, I’ve acquired new knowledge about what a cell is, how it
is the smallest yet the most important unit of life, and how every living being,
whether it’s small or big, simple or complex is made up of cells.
Second, theories and events leading up to the discovery of the cell. Many theories,
hypothesis, and many more were suggested by different individuals about how life
was formed and how it continues on, but it was not until the discovery of the
microscope that we discovered that we, every living being were made up of small
things called cells, and this discovery was thanks to many excellent individuals, like
Hooke, Leuwenhoek, Schleiden, and many more.
Third and lastly, the different types and parts of cells called organelles. There are
two main types of cells which is the Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells which is based
on their structure and purpose. And each cell has different parts or organelles based
on the organism they came from. So naturally, the cell from a plant will differ with
a cell from an animal, and so will their organelles.

Next, I'll further explain "what is a cell?" and the cell theory. The cell word was
derived from the Latin word "cella", which means "small room." Cells are the
smallest units of life, and cells are the fundamental building blocks of all living
organisms. To further understand cells, we should venture to its foundation of
study, the cell theory. The Cell Theory is a theory that states the basics and most
important information about cells. In its modern form, cell theory now includes the
concept of energy flow that occurs within cells. The basic chemical composition of
all cells is the same.

Something else I learned was about how our bodies are composed of trillions of cells
and how cells also have their own little organs called organelles. Cells have different
parts or different types of organelles, but there are three main parts: the cell
membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm. The cell membrane is an organelle that
protects the other parts of the cell from the environment outside of the cell. While
the nucleus is the center part of the cell, it functions just like a brain, as it controls
when a cell grows and reproduces, and it is also the storage for DNA cells. Last but
not the least, the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is the cell organelle that surrounds the
nucleus. It is a semi-liquid form like a jelly and contains salts, water, and various
organic molecules.

Lastly, I now have more knowledge about and understanding of the internal
organization of the two types of cells and how they have differences. Prokaryotic
cells lack nuclear envelopes and membrane-bound organelles, whereas Eukaryotic
cells are generally larger and have clearly defined nuclei surrounded by a nuclear
membrane. I've also learned from this topic that because prokaryotic cells do not
have a true nucleus, they generally have a single chromosome for the carrying of
their genetics and other information (DNA).