What is a cell?

The smallest structural and functional unit

of an organism.
The ”building blocks” of life.
Why building blocks of life”
 ANIMAL CELL
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Lysosome
Nuclear
Membrane

Cell
Membrane

Cytoplasm Golgi
Apparatus

Vacuole
Mitochondrion
Centrioles
 NUCLEUS VACUOLE
A double-membraned organelle A fluid-filled membrane-bound
that contains the genetic material organelle that helps with water
required for all cellular processes. balance and waste management.

ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
A membrane-bound GOLGI COMPLEX
organelle for cell transport A membrane-bound
and protein synthesis. organelle that modifies
and packages proteins

PLANT
for distribution.

CELL
VESICLES CELL MEMBRANE
Membrane-bound Semi-permeable lipid
spheres used for bilayer that separates
transporting material the inside and outside
in and out of the cell. of the cell.

CHLOROPLAST CELL WALL MITOCHONDRIA

Converts light energy
into chemical energy
through the process
of photosynethesis.
Structural layer that Use aerobic respiration
provides support to generate energy for
for plant growth all metabolic
and defence against functions.
pathogens.
 ORGANELLES
Mitochondrion Lysosome
They are the powerhouse of a cell as They are round organelles
they play an important role in surrounded by a membrane and
releasing energy. comprising digestive enzymes.

Nucleus Golgi Apparatus

It also contains DNA and other It is involved in manufacturing,
genetic materials. storing, packing, and transporting
the particles throughout the cell.

Centrioles Vacuole
Centrioles are barrel-shaped It is involved in maintaining shape
organelles which lives within the and storing water, food, wastes, etc.
centrosome.
Why are cells
important?
What is a Cell Theory?
Cell Theory
All living organisms are composed
of one or more cells.
 Cell Theory

The cell is the basic

unit of structure
and organization of
all living things
Cell Theory
Cells arise only from previously existing
cells, with cells passing copies of their
genetic material on their daughter
cells.
 Cell Theory
• All living organisms are composed of one or
more cells.
• The cell is the basic unit of structure and
functioning in organism.
• Cells come from pre-existing cells.
Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells
“true nucleus” “before nucleus”
Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells
“true nucleus” “before nucleus”
Activity
Closely observe the features of the cell and decide whether it is
a prokaryote or a eukaryote.
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
 ANIMAL CELL
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Lysosome
Nuclear
Membrane

Cell
Membrane

Cytoplasm Golgi
Apparatus

Vacuole
Eukaryote Centrioles
Mitochondrion
 NUCLEUS VACUOLE
A double-membraned organelle A fluid-filled membrane-bound
that contains the genetic material organelle that helps with water
required for all cellular processes. balance and waste management.

ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
A membrane-bound GOLGI COMPLEX
organelle for cell transport A membrane-bound
and protein synthesis. organelle that modifies
and packages proteins

PLANT
for distribution.

CELL
VESICLES CELL MEMBRANE
Membrane-bound Semi-permeable lipid
spheres used for bilayer that separates
transporting material the inside and outside
in and out of the cell. of the cell.

CHLOROPLAST CELL WALL MITOCHONDRIA

Eukaryote
Converts light energy
into chemical energy
through the process
of photosynethesis.
Structural layer that Use aerobic respiration
provides support to generate energy for
for plant growth all metabolic
and defence against functions.
pathogens.
All of these Organisms
are made of Eukaryotic
Cells
Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells
“true nucleus” “before nucleus”
CELL THEORY SONG
THE CELL THEORY SONG
 Cell Theory
• All living organisms are made up of cells.

- The basic qualification of an organism is that it must be at least a

single cell, which is a unicellular organism. Single functioning cells
constitute the bacteria, archaea and some fungi, thus these are
living things. When several cells compose an organism, then it is a
multicellular living organism. Plants and animals, protists and most
fungi are multicellular organisms.
 Cell Theory
•The cell is the basic structural and functional unit
of all living organisms.
- The cell carries out the morpho- anatomy and physiology of an organism. In single
celled organisms, the cell is everything- the very structure that carries out all
biochemical activities to maintain cellular life. For multicellular organisms, the whole
organism, first begins as one cell. This first cell undergoes a series of division to
increase the number of cells. These cells further specialize leading to the formation of
tissues, organs, organ system and the whole organism. Thus, a bacterium is one
celled while a human being is about 10- trillion cell of different types.
 Cell Theory
•Cells come from pre-existing cells.

- For the cell to reproduce, the requirement is a previously existing

cell. Cells can come only from cells. Cells cannot come from
anything. A non-cellular entity cannot produce a living cell. This
statement has an implication for the evolution of life here on Earth.
 ACTIVITY

GROUP 5- ROBERT HOOKE

GROUP 3- ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
GROUP 1- MATTHIAS JAKOB SCHLEIDEN
GROUP 4- THEODOR SCHWANN
GROUP 2- RUDOLF VIRCHOW