CELL STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION
GENETIC CONTROL OF CELL
• NUCLEUS A specialized structure occurring in
• Nuclear pores most cells and separated from the rest
• Nuclear envelope of the cell by a double layer, the
• Nucleolus nuclear membrane.
• a minute opening or
passage way through the
nuclear envelope.
• a highly regulated
membrane barrier that
separates the nucleus from
the cytoplasm in eukaryotic
cells.
• a region found within the
cell nucleus that is
concerned with producing
and assembling the cell's
ribosomes.
• RIBOSOMES A particle that is present in large
numbers in all living cells and serves as
the site of protein synthesis.
Manufacture, distribution, and breakdown of molecules
• Endoplasmic Reticulum A network of membranes inside a cell
(ER) through which proteins and other
• Smooth molecules move.
• Rough • meshwork of fine disklike
tubular membrane vesicles.
• series of connected flattened
sacs.
• Golgi Apparatus A membrane-bound organelle found in
eukaryotic cells that is made up of a
series of flattened stacked pouches
called cisternae.
• Lysosomes A membrane-bound cell organelle that
contains digestive enzymes.
• Vacuoles A small cavity or space in the tissues of
an organism containing air or fluid.
• Peroxisomes Are small, membrane-enclosed
organelles that contain enzymes
involved in a variety of metabolic
reactions, including several aspects of
energy metabolism.
Energy Processing
• Mitochondria Are membrane-bound cell organelles
that generate most of the chemical
energy needed to power the cell's
biochemical reactions.
• Chloroplast An organelle within the cells of plants
and certain algae that is the site of
photosynthesis.
Structural support, Movement, and Communication between Cells
• Cytoskeleton A structure that helps cells maintain
FUNCTION
Controls and regulates the activities of
the cell and carries the genes,
structures that contain the hereditary
information.
• regulate the movement of
molecules from the
nucleus to the cytoplasm,
and vice versa.
• to allow separation of DNA
from cytoplasm machinery
and it is the regulation of
contents that move in and
out of the nucleus through
small holes called nuclear
pores.
• facilitating ribosome
biogenesis.
Decoding the message and the
formation of peptide bonds.
To produce proteins for the rest of the
cell to function.
• synthesizes lipids,
phospholipids as in plasma
membranes, and steroids.
• to produce proteins for the
rest of the cell to function.
Helps process and package proteins
and lipid molecules, especially proteins
destined to be exported from the cell.
functions as the digestive system of
the cell.
Help sequester waste products.
Contain digestive enzymes for breaking
down toxic materials in the cell and
oxidative enzymes for metabolic
activity.
Main job of mitochondria is to perform
cellular respiration.
Convert light energy into relatively
stable chemical energy via the
photosynthetic process.
Helps cells maintain their shape and
 • Microtubule their shape and internal organization.
• filamentous intracellular
structures that are
responsible for various kinds
of movements in all
eukaryotic cells.
• Plasma Membrane/Cell Is the membrane found in all cells that
Membrane separates the interior of the cell from
the outside environment.
• Plant Cell Wall A tough outer covering that lies right
outside the cell membrane.
• Cytoplasm A thick solution that fills each cell and
is enclosed by the cell membrane.
• Vesicles A self-contained structure consisting of
fluid or gas surrounded and enclosed
by an outer membrane called the lipid
bilayer.
For Cell Division
• Centriole Are paired barrel-shaped organelles
located in the cytoplasm of animal cells
near the nuclear envelope.
internal organization and provides
mechanical support that enables cells
to carry out essential functions like
division and movement.
• they provide the rigid,
organized components of the
cytoskeleton that give shape
to many cells.
Provides protection for a cell.
provides tensile strength and
protection against mechanical and
osmotic stress.
Responsible for holding the
components of the cell and protects
them from damage.
Help transport materials that an
organism needs to survive and recycle
waste materials.
Organizing microtubules that serve as
the cell's skeletal system and they help
determine the locations of the nucleus
and other organelles within the cell.

CELL STRUCTURE PROKARYOTE EUKARYOTE BOTH FUNCTION

Cell Wall • Provides tensile
strength and
protection against
mechanical and
osmotic stress.
Plasma • Provides protection
Membrane for a cell.
Nucleus • Controls and regulates
the activities of the
cell (e.g., growth and
metabolism) and
carries the genes,
structures that
contain the hereditary
information.
Rough ER • To produce proteins
for the rest of the cell
 to function.
Golgi Body • Helps process and
package proteins and
lipid molecules,
especially proteins
destined to be
exported from the
cell.
Smooth ER • It synthesizes lipids,
phospholipids as in
plasma membranes,
and steroids.
Mitochondrion • Generate most of the
chemical energy
needed to power the
cell's biochemical
reactions
Ribosomes • Decoding the message
and the formation of
peptide bonds.
Flagella • Flagella have an active
role in aiding cell feeding
and eukaryotic
reproduction. In
prokaryotes flagella
serve as propulsion
mechanisms, they're the
chief way for bacteria to
swim through fluids.
Cilia • to move water relative
to the cell in a regular
movement of the cilia.