The Cell

Robert Hooke
• Coined
the term
“cell”
Matthias Schleiden
• All plants are
made of cells
Theodor Schwann
• All animals are
made of cells
Rudolf Virchow
• Cells can only
arise from
pre-existing
cells
Cell Theory
1. The cell is the basic unit of
structure.
2. The cell is the basic unit of
function.
3. All cells arise from pre-existing
cells.
Organelles
• specialized structures of cell that
allow it to carry out essential life
processes such as nutrition,
excretion, respiration, response,
movement, and reproduction.
 Cell types
Prokaryotic—no nucleus,
circular DNA, ribosome

Eukaryotic—larger, nucleus,
linear chromosomes, membranous
organelles
Prokaryotic Cells
• Have no membrane-
bound organelles
• Include true bacteria
• On earth 3.8 million years
• Found nearly everywhere
• Spores in each breath;
intestines
• Naturally in soil, air, hot
springs
 nucleoid (DNA)

ribosomes

food granule

prokaryotic
flagellum

plasma membrane
cytoplasm cell wall
Eukaryotic Cells
• Have numerous internal
structures
• Various types & forms
• Plants, animals, fungi, protist
• Multicellular organisms
 nuclear pore
chromatin (DNA) nucleus
nucleolus
nuclear envelope
flagellum
intermediate
filaments

cytoplasm plasma
rough endoplasmic membrane
reticulum

ribosome
lysosome

microtubules
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi
complex
free ribosome
vesicle
mitochondrion

vesicle
 microtubules mitochondrion
(part of cytoskeleton)

chloroplast

Golgi complex central vacuole

smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
vesicle

rough endoplasmic cell wall

reticulum

plasma
membrane

nucleolus
nucleus nuclear pore
chromatin
nuclear envelope intermediate
filaments
ribosomes free ribosome
Eukaryotic cell structure
• Nucleus is the control center of the
cell
1. Membrane bound (nuclear
envelope)
2. Contains nucleoli; synthesizes
ribosomal RNA
3. DNA in chromosomes (DNA and
proteins)
 nuclear
envelope

nucleolus
nuclear
pores

chromatin
 nucleus

nuclear
pores
chromatin

chromosome
Figure 2. Types of Cells

Source:
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoac
h/cells/common.html
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell Animal Cell
VENN DIAGRAM SHOWING THE COMPARISON BETWEEN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL
VENN DIAGRAM SHOWING THE COMPARISON BETWEEN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL
 Comparison between a Plant and an
Animal Cell
Diagram Organelle Function Animal Cell Plant Cell

Directs cell
Nucleus present present
activity

Movement present in
Cilia very rare
of cell some

Captures sunlight
Chloroplast for absent present
photosynthesis

Keeps organelles
Cytoplasm present present
in place
 Comparison between a Plant and an
Animal Cell
Diagram Organelle Function Animal Plant Cell
Cell
Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
Smooth ER produces
Smooth ER
lipids; Rough ER present present
(ribosome-free)
produces proteins
Rough ER (w/
ribosome

Ribosomes Protein synthesis present present

In plant cells, the

one or more one, large
function of vacuoles is
small central
to store water and
vacuoles vacuole
Vacuole maintain turgidity of
(much smaller taking up
the cell. Vacuoles in
than plant 90% of cell
animal cells store
cells) volume
water, ions and waste.
 Comparison between a Plant and an
Animal Cell
Diagram Organelle Function Animal Cell Plant Cell
Guide
chromosomes
Absent;
Centrioles during cell present in all
very rare
division

Protein
Golgi
packaging present Present
Apparatus
factory
Framework for
support in plant
Cell Wall absent present
cells
 Comparison between a Plant and an
Animal Cell
Diagram Organelle Function Animal Cell Plant Cell

Controls
cell wall
Plasma the entry only cell
and cell
Membrane and exit of membrane
membrane
materials
Provides
Microtubules/
cellular present present
Microfilaments
framework

Movement found in found in

Flagella
of cell some cells some cells
 Comparison between a Plant and an
Animal Cell
Diagram Organelle Function Animal Plant
Cell Cell
Sacs that contain
digestive
enzymes that
merge with food
Lysosomes vacuoles; present present
eliminates
unwanted
materials inside
the cell

Site of cellular
Mitochondria respiration, present present
produces ATP
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2

6
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8. Which type of cell is this? _____

9. How do you know which type of cell it is? _____
 4 5 6

1
9

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2

11. Which type of cell is this? ________

12. How do you know which type of cell it is? ________