Rishabh Roy 1

4th Period
10/18/2023 Cell Organelles 2

Aim: What are the parts of a cell & their function?

The parts of a cell is called organelle, which means little organ in a cell.

Do Now: Analyze the diagram between an animal cell & plant cell.

Make 3 columns, one for animal cell parts, one for plant cell parts and one for both ; write down a list of the different
parts for the two types of cells. Use a Double T-chart.

Animal Cell Parts What Parts Both Have Plant Cell Parts

Centrioles Vacuole Cell Wall

Lysosome Ribosomes Chloroplast
Golgi Apparatus
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nuclear Membrane
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth)
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List of cell organelles and functions

1. Nucleus - control center of the cell; where chromosomes are located.

2. Nucleolus - small circular structure(s) within the nucleus; manufactures

ribosomes.

3. Chromosomes – contains genes which are hereditary genetic material (DNA) found in
the nucleus.

4. Mitochondria - where cellular respiration occurs by using glucose (carbohydrate) to

produce a chemical energy called ATP.

5. Ribosomes - use for peptide molecule synthesis (are made); ribosomes are either free or
attached to endoplasmic reticulum.

6. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – Is where ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic

reticulum to assemble or synthesize peptide molecules from using amino acids. These
peptide molecules are transported in vast canals or tunnels by the endoplasmic reticulum
to Golgi complex to assemble protein in the cell.

7. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - synthesis (to make) of fatty acids and steroids.

8. Golgi complex or apparatus - sorting and “packaging center” for peptide molecules to
form proteins in vesicles to be exported from cell or use within cell.

9. Lysosome - vesicle filled with digestive enzymes to break things down or destroy things.

10.Centriole – gives mitotic (= cell division) spindle fibers for attachment to chromatin
(=DNA) during nucleus cell division.

11. Plasma membrane or cell membrane is the covering of the cell. It also
plays a vital role in getting nutrients into the cell and sending waste products out.
12. Chloroplast contains chlorophyll (= green pigment) to capture sun light
energy to be used in photosynthesis. 6CO2 + 6H2O --→ C6H12O6 + 6O2

13. Cell wall covers the cell membrane and offers rigidity to the cell. The cell
wall is made of cellulose, the same thing that paper is made of.
14. Vacuoles(both types)- are enclosed membrane compartments which are filled
with water
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15. Cilia– to move water relative to the cell in a regular movement of the
cilia. This process can either result in the cell moving through the water, typical
for many single-celled organisms, or in moving water and its contents across the
surface of the cell. Flagella whip like structure that acts primarily as an organelle
of locomotion in the cells of many living organisms.
16. Cytoplasm is the cell fluid that surrounds all the other organelles of the
cell, and cell particulars (minerals, vitamins, peptide molecule, and proteins float
in the cell.

Identify & list function of the parts of plant & animal cell.
Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus
Nucleolus

Nuclear Membrane
Ribosomes
Vacuole

Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus

Cell wall Cytoplasm

Cell Membrane
Central Vacuole

Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nuclear Membrane
Ribosomes

Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus

Start at the top left and go counter clockwise for both pics.
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Compare and contrast the plant and animal cell by using a

“Venn” diagram.

Animal Both Plant

No Cell Wall Cell Wall

No chloroplast Has chloroplast
Many small vacuoles Nucleus One Large Vacuole
Mitochondria Have a defined shape
Vacuoles spread out Cell Membrane Vacuole pushed to one side of the cell.
Has Lysosomes Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Centrioles near nucleus Ribosomes
Irregular in shape
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Cells have particular structures that perform specific jobs called organelles. These structures
perform the actual work of the cell. Just as systems are coordinated and work together, the
cells making up those systems must also be coordinated and organized in a cooperative
manner.

List 1 List 2
A) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 1)Contain chlorophyll to help cell
B) Nucleus trap light to make food.
C) Nuclear membrane 2)Tube network in cytoplasm where
D) Ribosomes cell substances are made.
E) Cytoplasm 3)Controls movement of materials in
F) Chromosomes and out of the nucleus.
G) Cell membrane 4)Controls cell activities.
H) Mitochondria 5)Contains cell materials.
I) Golgi Complex or bodies 6)Surrounds plant cell, gives shape
J) Vacuole and support to the cell.
K) Chloroplast 7)Protein are made in these.
L) Cell wall 8)Rod-shaped bodies that release
Energy for cell use.
9)Bodies that store and release
chemicals for cell use.
10)Controls movement of materials
in and out of the cell.
11)Holds the code that controls cell.
12)Stores water and dissolved material in plant cells.

Match the cell parts with their functions.

A-2
B-4
C-3
D-7
E-5
F-8
G - 10
H-9
I - 11
J - 12
K-1
L-6
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What services a town or city would need to function efficiently, and compare it to the cell
organelles as part of the town or city.

1) Plasma membrane

2) Cytoplasm

3) Nucleus

4) Endoplasmic Reticulum

5) Ribosome

6) Mitochondria

7) Golgi Complex or Bodies

8) Lysosome

9) Nuclear Membrane

10) Vacuoles

1) – Street, canal, roads, or highways. Endoplasmic Reticulum

2) – Power plant or Energy Co. Mitochondria
3) – Sanitation Department. Lysosomes
4) – City limit or boundary. Plasma Membrane
5) – Mayor. Nucleus
6) – City Hall. Nuclear Membrane
7) – Mail Center or post office, or Packaging Center. Golgi Bodies
8) – Mail man or Delivery man or person. Vacuole
9) – City atmosphere. Cytoplasm
10) - Factories or manufacture Co. Ribosomes
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Prokaryotic & eukaryotic cell

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nuclear membrane. The nuclear material consists of a single
chromosome and lies in the cytoplasm. The nuclear region in the cytoplasm is called nucleoid.
Membrane-bound organelles are absent. Prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria and cynobacteria
(blue-green algae).

Eukaryotic cells are much larger and much more complex than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic
cells are animal and plant cells that have more than one or single chromosome. More
chromosomes in a nucleus of the eukaryotic cell contain more hereditary genetic information
to do specialized functions. Example to function as muscle cells, bone cells, nerve cells, skin
cells and etc.
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell by using a “Venn” diagram.

PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC
Simple Structure BOTH Complex Structure
Small Size Have DNA Large Size
Have Ribosomes
Unicellular Have Cell Membrane Multicellular
Have Cytoplasm
Small Ribosomes Large Ribosomes
Organelles not wrapped Organelles wrapped in
in membranes membranes
No Nuclear Membrane Has Nuclear Membrane
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Read the passage below. Then answer the questions that follow.
The first cells to appear on Earth were prokaryotic cells. A prokaryote is an organism made
of a single prokaryotic cell. The earliest prokaryotes may have arisen more than 2.5 billion
years ago. Bacteria are prokaryotes. They are very small cells with a simple structure.
Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus. This means that their DNA is not enclosed in a membrane
inside the cell. Instead, prokaryotes have a single loop of DNA that floats in the cell’s
cytoplasm. Protein-making bodies called ribosomes also form part of the cytoplasm. Like all
cells, prokaryotes have a cell membrane. All prokaryotes also have a cell wall surrounding
the cell membrane. The cell wall helps provide support and protection for the cell. Some
prokaryotes are enclosed by an additional layer. This layer is called the capsule. The capsule
has a sticky surface area, so it allows prokaryotes to cling to surfaces, such as your skin and
your teeth.
Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells. They all have a cell membrane,
ribosomes, and DNA as prokaryotic cells do. However, the DNA of eukaryotic cells does not
float freely in the cytoplasm. Instead, it is found in the nucleus, an internal compartment
bound by a cell membrane. The nucleus is one kind of organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
Organelles are structures that perform specific functions. Most organelles are surrounded by a
membrane. Some organelles have membranes that form channels which help transport
substances from one part of the cell to another part of the cell.
Eukaryotes are organisms made of one or more eukaryotic cells. The earliest eukaryotes,
like the first prokaryotes, were single-celled organisms. They arose about 1 billion years later
than the earliest prokaryotes. Later, multicellular eukaryotes arose. Every type of multicellular
organism that exists is made up of eukaryotic cells.

SKILL: READING EFFECTIVELY

Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided.
1. What is a prokaryote, and when did prokaryotes arise?
A prokaryote is an organism made of a single prokaryotic cell, and they have arisen more than 2.5 billion years
ago.
2. Describe three main features inside a prokaryotic cell.
Three main features are that they are small, have a simple structure, they have no nucleus, and they have a cell
membrane.
3. Describe the structures that form the outside of a prokaryotic cell. Tell whether each structure is common to all
prokaryotes. A prokaryotic cell has a cell membrane, then to cover is there is a cell wall for support, and another layer to
enclose that is the capsule, and only the capsule is not common for all prokaryotic cells, only found in
some.
4. What is a eukaryote, and when did eukaryotes first arise?
A eukaryote is an organism made of one or more eukaryotic cells, and the earliest ones arose about 1 billion years
later than the earliest prokaryotes.
5. From which type of cells did multicellular organisms arise?
a. prokaryotic cells
b. prokaryotic cells with a capsule
c. eukaryotic cells
d. both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells