NAME:SHEENA MARIE M.

TARLE BSN1-C SCORE:

SCHOOL: POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE OF DAVAO DEL SUR, INC.
DATE:AUGUST 27, 2022
INSTRUCTOR: PROF. PAUL ANDRE A. LUMIGUID RN,
MAN, PHD(ONG.)

PART A.

Objective: Describe the structure and function of a cell.

Use this page to check your understanding of the content.

Vocabulary- Know the function of these cell organelles and be able to state what types
of cells these parts are found in.

1. Plasma membrane
-This is also known as the cell membrane. It keeps the cells organized and safe
as it monitors who enters and exits the cells, it acts as the security guard for the
facilities. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have this particular cell organelle.
2. Cytoplasm
-It is a jelly-like fluid that envelops the nucleus and is contained by the cell
membrane. It is in charge of holding the cell's constituent parts and shielding
them from harm. The cell's cytoplasm is also in charge of changing its shape.
This cell organelle can be found in both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
3. Nucleus
- Serves as the team leader of the cells as it helps various functions of the other
cell organelles. It has its own membrane that separates the inner contents from
the rest of the cytoplasm. It has direct synthesis of ribosomes and expression of
genes. This is where you can find the location of transcription and responsible for
DNA replication. This cell organelle can be found only in Eukaryotic cell.
4. Nucleoplasm
- It can also be referred as nuclear matrix. It is where the DNA is located. This
cell organelle can be found only in Eukaryotic cell.
5. Nuclear membrane
- It can also be referred as nuclear envelope. It serves as the protector of the
DNA for it to not be destroyed. It separates nucleus from the rest of the cell and
can only be found in Eukaryotic cell.
6. Nuclear pores
- This is where the proteins go in and out of the cell. This cell organelle can only be
found in Eukaryotic cell.
7. Nucleolus
- This cell organelle protects the DNA. This is where you can also find or locate
the ribosome that involves take in assembly. This can also be found in Eukaryotic
cell.
8. Ribosomes
- This consists both RNA and protein that serves as the cell’s location for protein
synthesis. This cell organelle can be found in both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
cells.
9. Mitochondria
- The powerhouse of the cell, responsible of the production of ATP and cell
regulation. This cell organelle can only be found in Eukaryotic cell.
10. Cytoskeleton
- It is made up of fibers and responsible in giving shape of the cell. It also
organizes the cell interior and allow for cell movement. This cell organelle can be
found in both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
11. Rough ER
- This contains ribosomes, involves the production of folding, the quality control,
makes and packages protein. This cell organelle can be found in both
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
12. Smooth ER
- This doesn’t contain ribosomes. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is largely
associated with lipids manufacture and is responsible for hormone production.
This can only be found in Eukaryotic cell.
13. Golgi complex
- This cell organelle is responsible for packaging of proteins into membrane-
bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to three destinations
namely: Lysosomes - carry digestive enzymes that help in Lysosomes digestion,
Membrane -travels outside the cell, produces insulin that regulates the blood
sugar, Plasma Membrane - who provides protein for reparation. This cell
organelle can be found in Eukaryotic cells.
14. Vesicles
- Helps in transporting materials that an organism needs to survive and recycle
waste materials. This cell organelle is present in both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
cells.
15. Lysosomes
- A membrane cell organelle that contains digestive enzyme and is present in the
cytoplasm. It destroys bacteria and makes sure no excess will be found. If the
damage is beyond repair, Lysosomes can help it to self-destruct in a process of
program cell death. It is only present in Eukaryotic cell.
16. Cell wall
- It provides structural strength and support. This cell organelle can be found
mostly in Prokaryotic cells but some in Eukaryotic cells.
17. Chloroplast
- It is responsible to carry out photosynthesis and can be found in Eukaryotic
 cells.
18. Central vacuole
- It maintains turgor pressure against the cell wall and is present in both
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.

PART B.

1. Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes.(EXPLAIN

THOROUGHLY)
- Cell has two major classes, Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes are simple cells or single cell, composed of
bacteria and archaea. It is also unicellular organisms that
don’t have membrane-bound organelles. Its DNA’s shape is
circular, it has a ribosome, a cell-membrane and a
cytoplasm. Eukaryotes, on the other hand, is a multicellular
organism. It has member-bound organelle and its examples
are plant, algae, fungi, protozoa, unicellular yeast and true
algae and its DNA’s shape is linear. In terms of their sizes
Prokaryotes is smaller compared to Eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes’ size is 0.1 – 5 micrometer while Eukaryotes’
size is 10 – 100 micrometer. Eukaryotes is more complex
than the Prokaryotes who has a free floating DNA. The two
major classes have DNA, Ribosome, Cell membrane and
Cytoplasm. In terms of their differences, Eukaryotes has
nucleus and membrane organelle while Prokaryotes has
none.
2. Compare and contrast plant cells, fungal cells and animal cells.
- Plant cells, fungal cells, and animal cells are examples of
Eukaryotic cell. In common with plant and animal cells,
fungi also have a nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and
mitochondria. While chitin, not cellulose, is used to make the
cell wall of fungus cells, it is nonetheless made of a similar
material to that of plant cells.
PART C.

1. Cytoplasm
2. Lysosome
3. Nuclear pore
4. Centrioles
5. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
6. Cell Membrane
7. Mitochondria
8. Microtubule
9. Nucleoplasm
10. Nucleolus
11. Secretory vesicle
12. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
13. Ribosomes
14. Golgi Apparatus / Golgi Body
15. Peroxisome
PART D.

1. B. Gap 1 Phase (G1 Phase)

2. A. Synthesis Phase (S Phase)
3. C. Gap 2 Phase (G2 Phase)
4. D. Cell Division/ Mitotic Phase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

PART E.
1. DRAW THE MITOTIC CELL DIVISION/CELL CYCLE AND EXPLAIN EACH PHASES. (BOND PAPER)
In Mitotic Cell Division, there are nucleus, cytoplasm, duplicated chromosome and
nucleus. Each chromosome makes an exact duplicate on itself prior on having mitosis.
The chromosomes then coils and thicken, means that the duplicated chromosome are
coiled and thicken. The centrioles, which have split, form asters and separate during
early prophase. Nuclear membrane fusion starts to happen. Asters and centrioles are at
opposing poles in late prophase. The nucleolus and nuclear membrane have almost
disappeared. In the metaphase, the centromeres of the doubled chromosomes align in
the middle of the cell. The chromosomes are practically at their respective poles in late
anaphase. At its center, the cell membrane starts to constrict. In telophase, the cell
membrane has fully contracted. The divided chromosomes are encircled by nuclear
membranes. After mitosis, two identical cells with the same chromosomal count and
cellular features as the parent cell result.