CELL

ORGANELLES
Classify different cell types (plant and animal
tissues) and specify the functions of each.
[STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-4]
OBJECTIVES:
Describe and identify the
functions of eukaryotic
organelles.
Recall the structural
differences of eukaryotic
and prokaryotic cells.
Which structure is found in eukaryotic cells
but not in prokaryotic cells?

A. Plasma membrane
B. Cell wall
C. Nucleus
D. Cytoplasm
General Biology 1 slides v.1
You look into a light microscope and view an
unknown cell. What might you see that would tell
you whether the cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

a. A rigid cell wall

b. A nucleus
c. A plasma membrane
d. Ribosomes
General Biology 1 slides v.1
 WHAT ARE THE
DISTINGUISHING
DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN A PLANT
AND AN ANIMAL
CELL?

WHAT ARE THEIR

SIMILAR FEATURES?

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ORGANELLE – Specialized cellular part (as mitochondrion, lysosome, or ribosome) that is analogous to an organ

MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES NON-MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES

Nucleus Ribosomes
Smooth ER Centrioles
Rough ER Cytoskeleton
Golgi apparatus
Vacuoles and vesicles
Mitochondria
Chloroplast and other plastids
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes

General Biology 1 slides v.1

Light micrograph of the unicellular organism Paramecium.

PROKARYOTE or EUKARYOTE?
A fluorescence micrograph
of the cytoskeleton
(microtubules are
green, microfilaments
are reddish orange).
 Cilia on cells
lining
the respiratory
tract.
 Undulating
flagellum on a
human sperm
cell
Internal structure of a eukaryotic flagellum or cilium
a. Intermediate filaments

b. microtubules
c. microfilaments
CELL WALL

- protects the cell

- serve as structural support
- maintains cell shape
- present in bacterium (protein-polysaccharide),
fungi (chitin) and in plant cells (cellulose)
- absent in animal cells
General Biology 1 slides v.1
Pectin (the sticky
polysaccharideus
ed in jams and
jellies) hardens
in older plants to
add support for
the cell. Lignin
is the component
of the secondary
cell wall which
makes it rigid.
What can possibly happen if animal
cells have cell walls? Are cell walls
advantageous for animals?

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CYTOPLASM

- provides turgor pressure to plant cells as fluid

inside the central vacuole
- site of many metabolic reactions
- medium in which organelles are found
- present in bacterial, animal and plant cells
General Biology 1 slides v.1
What polysaccharide is the primary
component of plant cell walls?

a. Cell membrane
b. Chloroplast
c. Chitin
d. Cellulose
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What’s
the
answer?
General Biology 1 slides v.1
General Biology 1 slides v.1
Classify whether the following organelles
are found in animal or plant cells or both.
1. nucleus 9. cell wall 16. chloroplast
2. nuclear envelope 10. central vacuole 17. Golgi apparatus
3. nucleolus 11. Plasmodesmata 18. lysosome
4. chromatin 12. Cytosol 19. ribosome
5. peroxisome 13. endoplasmic reticulum 20. microfilaments
6. microtubule 14. plastid
7. centrosome 15. mitochondria
8. plasma membrane
What structures differentiate
plant from animal cells? What
purposes do these structures
serve?
Why are microtubules an
important form of the
cytoskeleton among animal
cells?
STUDY AHEAD AND RESEARCH:

1. Why does the plasma membrane is organized as the

fluid mosaic model?
2. What are the properties of the plasma membrane
and its relationship to the integrity of the cell?
3. How is this related to the distribution channel
organelles of the cell?
What’s
the
answer?