Cell Analogy

Created by: Jianne

 What is Cell Analogy?
• A cell analogy project requires a real-life place or object in place of a cell
that describes how the place's or object's components are like those of a
cell.
Parts of a Cell
 1. Cell Membrane

The cell membrane, also called the plasma

membrane, is found in all cells and
separates the interior of the cell from the
outside environment. The cell membrane
consists of a lipid bilayer that is
semipermeable. The cell membrane
regulates the transport of materials entering
and exiting the cell.
 2. Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid inside

the cell. It is the medium for chemical
reaction. It provides a platform upon which
other organelles can operate within the
cell. All of the functions for cell expansion,
growth and replication are carried out in
the cytoplasm of a cell.
 3. Nucleus

The nucleus is a structure inside the cell

that contains the nucleolus and most of the
cell's DNA. It is also where most RNA is
made. The cytoplasm is the fluid inside the
cell. It contains other tiny cell parts that
have specific functions, including the
Golgi complex, the mitochondria, and the
endoplasmic reticulum.
 4. Lysosome

Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed

organelles that contain an array of enzymes
capable of breaking down all types of
biological polymers—proteins, nucleic
acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
 5. Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large,

dynamic structure that serves many roles in
the cell including calcium storage, protein
synthesis and lipid metabolism. The
diverse functions of the ER are performed
by distinct domains; consisting of tubules,
sheets and the nuclear envelope.
 6. Golgi Apparatus

The Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex,

functions as a factory in which proteins
received from the ER are further processed
and sorted for transport to their eventual
destinations: lysosomes, the plasma
membrane, or secretion. In addition, as
noted earlier, glycolipids and
sphingomyelin are synthesized within the
Golgi.
 7. Chromosome

Chromosomes are the highest level of

organisation of DNA and proteins. The
main function of chromosomes is to carry
the DNA and transfer the genetic
information from parents to offspring.
Chromosomes play an important role
during cell division. They protect the DNA
from getting tangled and damaged.
 8. Centriole

Centrioles are paired barrel-shaped

organelles located in the cytoplasm of
animal cells near the nuclear envelope.
Centrioles play a role in organizing
microtubules that serve as the cell's
skeletal system. They help determine the
locations of the nucleus and other
organelles within the cell.
 9. Cytoskeleton

The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic

network of interlinking protein filaments
present in the cytoplasm of all cells,
including those of bacteria and archaea. In
eukaryotes, it extends from the cell nucleus
to the cell membrane and is composed of
similar proteins in the various organisms.
 10. Mitochondria

A mitochondrion is an organelle found in

the cells of most eukaryotes, such as
animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria
have a double membrane structure and use
aerobic respiration to generate adenosine
triphosphate, which is used throughout the
cell as a source of chemical energy.
 11. Vacuole

A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell

organelle. In animal cells, vacuoles are
generally small and help sequester waste
products. In plant cells, vacuoles help
maintain water balance. Sometimes a
single vacuole can take up most of the
interior space of the plant cell.
 12. Chloroplast

A chloroplast is an organelle within the

cells of plants and certain algae that is the
site of photosynthesis, which is the process
by which energy from the Sun is converted
into chemical energy for growth.
 13. Cell Wall

The cell wall surrounds the plasma

membrane of plant cells and provides
tensile strength and protection against
mechanical and osmotic stress. It also
allows cells to develop turgor pressure,
which is the pressure of the cell contents
against the cell wall.
That’s All!