Plant cells - are eukaryotic cells that vary in several fundamental factors

from other eukaryotic organisms. Both plant and animal cells contain a
nucleus along with similar organelles. One of the distinctive aspects of a plant
cell is the presence of a cell wall outside the cell membrane.

Cell Wall - the cell wall is the outer covering of the plant cell. The primary
function of the cell wall is to protect the inner components of the plant cell.

Chloroplasts - Chloroplasts are the places where photosynthesis takes place

in the plant cell. These chloroplasts will have chlorophyll – the green pigment
to absorb the energy from sunlight. Photosynthesis is a biological process that
converts water, light energy, as well as carbon dioxide into plant nutrients.

Central Vacuole - This is the organelle of the plant cell that is known to
provide support to the cell by sustaining the turgid pressure against plant
cell wall. In addition, the central vacuole will take part in various cell
functions like:

 Storage
 Detoxification
 Protection
 Growth

 Cell Membrane

This is a thin and a semi-permeable membrane that encloses the cell’s

contents. This thin lining will be present at the inner side of the plant cell
wall.

Cytoplasm

This is a gel-like fluid that is found within the cell membrane. This will contain
various elements like:

 Water
 Enzymes
 Salts
 Organelles
 Organic molecules

Cytoskeleton

This is basically a bundle of fibers that are found throughout the cytoplasm.
The role of the cytoskeleton is to help the cell maintain the shape. It also
provides support to the cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum
This is a wide network of membranes. There are two types of regions in
endoplasmic reticulum – one with ribosomes and other without ribosomes.
The former is called rough endoplasmic reticulum and the latter is called
smooth endoplasmic. The main function of this organelle is protein and lipid
synthesis.

Golgi complex

This apparatus, which is found in all eukaryotic cells, is involved in distributing

macromolecules to different parts of the cell.

Microtubules

These are the hollow rods whose primary function is to provide support, as
well as shape to the cell. These have important roles to play in the
chromosome movement during plant cell division.

Mitochondria

This is the “powerhouse” of the cell meaning that this generates energy for
the cell through the process called respiration.

Nucleus

As mentioned earlier, this is the membrane-bound organelle and contains the

cell’s DNA. The nucleus contains nucleolus that helps in the production of
ribosomes and nucleopore that allows the transport of nucleic acids and
proteins from and to the nucleus.

Peroxisomes

These are small structures, which are enveloped by a single membrane that
contains the enzyme. The peroxisomes will be involved in plant processes like
photorespiration.

Plasmodesmata

These are the channels that are located between cell walls, which allow for
the molecules and signals to pass between the plant cells.

Ribosomes

These are the organelles that contain RNA and protein elements. As such, the
ribosomes will be responsible for the protein assembly. Within the plant cell,
the ribosomes are either found to be adhering to the endoplasmic reticulum
or floating in the cytoplasm.
References :

Plant Cell Definition, Function, Facts And Structure | Biology Topics. (n.d.).
https://chemdictionary.org/plant-cell/
Let's talk Science. (2020, January 17). Plant Cell Structures and Functions.
Let’s Talk Science.
https://letstalkscience.ca/educational-resources/backgrounders/pla
nt-cell-structures-and-functions

BiologyWise. (n.d.). Plant cell structure and function.‌

Plant Cell
Animal Cells - Animal cells are the basic unit of life in organisms of the
kingdom Animalia. They are eukaryotic cells, meaning that they have a true
nucleus and specialized structures called organelles that carry out different
functions. Animal cells do not have plant-specific organelles like cell walls,
which support the plant cell, or chloroplasts, the organelle that carries out
photosynthesis.

Cell membrane - the outer edge of the cell and forms the boundary
between the inside of the cell with all of its organelles and the extracellular
matrix. The cell membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer, which forms
spontaneously in an aqueous environment as the hydrophobic tails of the
lipids press together while the hydrophilic head groups of the lipids form a
protective boundary to keep water out of the center of the membrane.

Nucleus - has two main functions: it contains all of the deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) of the cell, and it directs the activities of the cell.The DNA molecules
found in each cell are the blueprints for proteins, which perform extensive
and varied functions within living organisms. In order for the long strands of
DNA to fit within the nucleus of the cell, the DNA molecules are wound
around histones (a type of protein) to form chromosomes.The primary
activities of the cell that are controlled by the nucleus are growth, division,
and protein synthesis.

Nucleolus - a small area within the nucleus where ribosomes are made..

Nuclear membrane - similar to the cell membrane, except that it surrounds

the nucleus within the cell, and performs less of a regulatory function. The
nuclear membrane is porous and allows RNA and proteins to pass in and out
of the nucleus.

Cytosol is a thick, gel-like fluid that fills the space inside of a cell, and in
which the organelles are suspended. The name of the total contents of the
cell, minus the nucleus, is the cytoplasm (the cytosol plus the suspended
organelles).

Endoplasmic reticulum - composed of interconnected membranous

channels called cisternae and is connected to the nuclear membrane. The
endoplasmic reticulum functions in the transportation and modification of
molecules.

Golgi apparatus - also made of cisternae that are not interconnected. The
Golgi functions in packaging and shipping. It takes molecules produced by the
cell, such as proteins and lipids, modifies them if necessary (such as folding
for proteins), and packs them into vesicles so that they can be shipped
around or outside of the cell.
Ribosomes - are organelles made of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein and
are either attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or suspended in the cytosol.
Ribosomes facilitate protein synthesis.

Mitochondria - large organelles that have both an inner and outer

membrane, as well as their own mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondria are the site
of cellular respiration in cells, where oxygen and glucose are converted into
adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which cells use for energy.

Centrosomes - contain centrioles; the centrioles are small gatherings of

microtubules that help with cell division during mitosis. The centrosomes
organize and synthesize microtubules.

Cytoskeleton - composed of a network of filaments and tubules that allows

the organelles of the cell to remain in place and gives the cell strength and
shape. The cytoskeleton can also play a role in transport within the cell.

Vacuoles - are small storage pockets formed of a single membrane layer

containing gas (such as oxygen or carbon dioxide) or fluid (such as water)
found within cells.

Vesicles - are similar to vacuoles but are part of the transportation system of
the cell. Specialized vesicles can also be involved in cellular metabolism.

a. Lysosomes
Lysosomes are specialized vesicles in which protein enzymes are contained.
The lysosomes break down macromolecules into their components for further
use by the cell.

b. Peroxisomes
Peroxisomes are common in animal cells and perform oxidative digestion

Refrences:
McLaughlin, K. (2019, June 19). Animal Cell - Definition, Functions and
Structure | Biology Dictionary. Biology Dictionary.
https://biologydictionary.net/animal-cell/
McGregor, J. (2018, August 6). The Parts Of An Animal Cell | Science Trends.
Science Trends. https://sciencetrends.com/the-parts-of-an-animal-
cell/

Byju's. (2018, April 11). Animal Cell. BYJUS; Byju’s.

https://byjus.com/biology/animal-cell/

‌Animal Cell‌