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MINIEN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Sta. Barbara
NAME: ________________________________________________ Gr. & Sec.: _____________________
SCIENCE 8
QUARTER 4 - MODULE 2
CELL DIVISION: MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
MELCs: Compare mitosis and meiosis, and their role in the cell division cycle (S8LT - IVd -16)
Specifically, you are expected to:
1. Describe the stages of cell division – mitosis and meiosis.
2. Compare the two types of cell division - mitosis from meiosis.
3. Appreciate the role of cell division in growth and reproduction of organisms.
Lesson 1 THE CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION
What’s In
Activity 1: Basic Cell Parts
Direction: Draw and label the parts of the animal cell. Identify the parts from the words present in the box
below.

Nucleus
cell membrane
mitochondrion
ribosomes
rough ER
golgi body
vesicles
chloroplast

What’s New
The Structure of the Chromosome and Its Location in the Cell.
Direction: Study the pictures of chromosomes below and answer the questions that follow.

1. What are chromosomes? _________________________________

2. Where are the chromosomes located in the cell?___________
3. The short arm of the chromosome is referred to as _________.
4. The long arm of the chromosome is referred to as _________.
5. The point of attachment of the two sister chromatids is called ________________.

What Is It
The Chromosome
All living things contain what we call the genetic material that serves as the set of instructions that direct the
activities and functions of the cells. These genetic materials, also known as the deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA, are
passed on from one generation to the next to ensure the continuity of life. In eukaryotic cells (cells with organelles), the
DNA are bound with proteins (histones) and are organized as beads on strings to form chromosomes. The number of
chromosomes in a cell is characteristic of the species to which it belongs. For example, humans have 46 chromosomes
while rice have 12.
The Cell Cycle
The chromosomes of a cell change form as the
cell transitions from one stage to another in a typical cell
cycle. The cell cycle may be divided into two stages: the
interphase where the chromosomes are long and
extended and are also referred to as chromatin, and the
cell division phase where the chromosomes become
condensed or thickened.

The interphase refers to the period that follows

one cell division and precedes another. This stage is
divided into three substages. The first gap period or G 1,
during which time the cell grows initially. The middle
stage is called the synthesis stage or S1 is the period of
DNA synthesis or replication where chromosomes are
duplicated. The second gap period or G2 represents a
period of rapid cell growth to prepare for cell division.

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 Cell Division
Alternating with the interphase is the cell division phase. In eukaryotic cells, there are two types of cell division:
mitosis and meiosis.
1. Mitosis. This type of cell division occur in somatic or body cells which produces two identical cells with the
same number of chromosomes. Mitosis is divided into four stages as shown in the diagram below:
Prophase
The first and longest phase of mitosis is prophase. During prophase,
chromatin condenses into chromosomes or double stranded sister
chromatids, and the nuclear envelope, or membrane, breaks down. In animal
cells, the centrioles near the nucleus begin to separate and move to opposite
poles (sides) of the cell. As the centrioles move, a spindle starts to form between
them.
Metaphase
During metaphase, spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each pair of
sister chromatids. The sister chromatids line up at the equator, or center, of the
cell. This is also known as the metaphase plate. The spindle fibers ensure that
sister chromatids will separate and go to different daughter cells when the cell
divides.
Anaphase
During anaphase, sister chromatids separate and the centromeres divide.
The sister chromatids are pulled apart by the shortening of the spindle fibers. This
is like reeling in a fish by shortening the fishing line. One sister chromatid moves to
one pole of the cell, and the other sister chromatid moves to the opposite pole. At
the end of anaphase, each pole of the cell has a complete set of chromosomes.
Telophase
During telophase, the chromosomes begin to uncoil and form chromatin.
This prepares the genetic material for directing the metabolic activities of the new
cells. The spindle also breaks down, and new nuclear membranes (nuclear
envelope) form eventually dividing the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells in the process called cytokinesis.
2. Meiosis
Meiosis is a special type of cell division where a sex cell (egg cell or sperm cell) or gamete undergoes two rounds
of cell division to produce four daughter cells (meiosis I and meiosis II), each with half the chromosome number as the
original parent cell with a unique set of genetic materials as a result of exchange of chromosome segments. Meiosis I is
consist of four stages:
Prophase I
The chromosomes in this
phase begin to pair off as
homologous or exact pair. The
chromosome contract due to
repeated coiling. Crossing-over
takes place during this stage
when a segment of a sister
chromatid of one chromosome
is exchanged with the same
segment of the sister chromatid
of the homologous chromosome Comparison of Prophase stage in Mitosis, Prophase 1 and 2 in Meiosis
through the formation of a
cross-linkage of segments
during the process of crossing
over as shown in the diagram
below.
After crossing-over, the sister
chromatids of each
chromosomemay no longer
chromosome may no longer be identical with each other based on
the genetic material they contain. Figure 8: The cross-section of Sister Chromatid
Metaphase I
The paired chromosomes arranged themselves in the equatorial plate.
Anaphase I
Spindle fibers form and attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes. The homologous chromosomes separate
from each other completely and start their movement towards the poles of the cells as they are pulled by the spindle
fibers. As the centromere of each chromosome does not divide, the sister chromatids remain together.
Telophase I
This is the stage when the chromosomes reach their respective poles. Cytokinesis follows and two daughter cells
are formed. Each cell now has half the chromosome number because only one chromosome from each pair goes to the
daughter cell. This is called the haploid condition, in contrast to the diploid condition at the beginning of meiosis I where
each chromosome pair is intact. Telophase is followed by interphase II.

Note that each chromosome still has two sister chromatids; it is therefore necessary for the cells to undergo
another round of cell division.

The second meiotic division, also known as meiosis II, is mitotic in nature and consist of the following stages:
prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II and telophase II; these stages are identical with mitotic stages. The results are

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four cells, two from each daughter cell from meiosis I, with one half the diploid chromosome number and with only one
sister chromatid for each chromosome.
What I Have Learned
Direction: Complete the table below.
Mitosis Meiosis
Number of daughter cells produced.
Number of chromosomes is halved. (Yes/No)
Pairing of homologous chromosomes take place. (Yes/No)
The daughter cells produced are always identical in terms of
genetic material. (Yes/No)

Assessment
Part 1. Multiple Choice
Direction: . Choose the letter of the correct answer.
_____1. Which of the following parts of the cell contains the chromosomes?
A. Cytoplasm B. mitochondrion C. Cell membrane D. Nucleus
_____2. Chromosomes are made up of ____________________.
A. RNA and protein B. DNA and protein C. protein only D. DNA only
_____3. Why is there a need for DNA to replicate during the synthesis stage of the interphase?
A. To make sure that the cell undergoes cell division
B. To make sure that when cell divides each daughter cell has an exact copy of the DNA.
C. To make sure that the number of chromosomes would be exactly the same as in original cells.
D. To make sure that the cell grows rapidly.
_____4. In both mitosis and meiosis, sister chromatids separate during anaphase, but there are______ haploid
daughter nuclei produced by meiosis compared to ___ diploid nuclei by mitosis.
A. 6 and 3 B. 4 and 2 C. 2 and 4 D. 3 and 6
. _____5. The following characteristics below describe meiosis EXCEPT
A. There are four daughter cells produced.
B. The number of chromosomes in every daughter cell is haploid.
C. The daughter cells are genetically identical with the original cell.
D. The cell undergoes two rounds of cell divisions.

What I Have Learned

Direction: Complete the table below.
Mitosis Meiosis
Number of daughter cells produced.
Number of chromosomes is halved. (Yes/No)
Pairing of homologous chromosomes take place. (Yes/No)
The daughter cells produced are always identical in terms of
genetic material. (Yes/No)

Assessment
Part 1. Multiple Choice
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
_____1. Which of the following parts of the cell contains the chromosomes?
A. Cytoplasm B. mitochondrion C. Cell membrane D. Nucleus
_____2. Chromosomes are made up of ____________________.
A. RNA and protein B. DNA and protein C. protein only D. DNA only
_____3. Why is there a need for DNA to replicate during the synthesis stage of the interphase?
A. To make sure that the cell undergoes cell division
B. To make sure that when cell divides each daughter cell has an exact copy of the DNA.
C. To make sure that the number of chromosomes would be exactly the same as in original cells.
D. To make sure that the cell grows rapidly.
_____4. In both mitosis and meiosis, sister chromatids separate during anaphase, but there are______ haploid
daughter nuclei produced by meiosis compared to ___ diploid nuclei by mitosis.
A. 6 and 3 B. 4 and 2 C. 2 and 4 D. 3 and 6
_____5. The following characteristics below describe meiosis EXCEPT
A. There are four daughter cells produced.
B. The number of chromosomes in every daughter cell is haploid.
C. The daughter cells are genetically identical with the original cell.
D. The cell undergoes two rounds of cell divisions.

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Part 2.
Direction: For Numbers 6-10, Complete the table below.
Given: Parent Cell has 4 chromosomes
Questions Mitosis Meiosis
During Interphase how Example: answer is
many chromosomes are 6.)________
there? 4

How many daughter

cells are produced? 7.)______ 8.)________

How many
chromosomes are there 9.)______ 10)________
in each daughter cell?

Prepared by: DESIREE V. DE GUZMAN Noted by: DOMINDOR V. NABOR JR.

Teacher III Principal I

Name & Signature of Parent/Guardian: ______________________________________ Date:___________

Part 2.
Direction: For Numbers 6-10, Complete the table below.
Given: Parent Cell has 4 chromosomes
Questions Mitosis Meiosis
During Interphase how Example: answer is
many chromosomes are 6.)________
there? 4

How many daughter

cells are produced? 7.)______ 8.)________

How many
chromosomes are there 9.)______ 10)________
in each daughter cell?

Prepared by: DESIREE V. DE GUZMAN Noted by: DOMINDOR V. NABOR JR.

Teacher III Principal I

Name & Signature of Parent/Guardian: ______________________________________ Date:___________

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