- undertake (v): to accept (a duty, task, responsibility etc), đảm nhận.

e.g: University professors both teach and undertake research.

- spectator (n): a person who watches (an event), người xem, khán giả.

e.g: Thousands of spectators lined the route of the royal procession.

- dissolve (v): to (cause to) melt or break up, especially by putting in a liquid, hòa tan.

e.g: He dissolved the pills in water.

- appraise (v): to make a careful decision about the value or importance of something, especially
someone’s work, đánh giá.

e.g: She stepped back to appraise her workmanship.

- counterpart (n): a person or thing equivalent to another in position etc, bên đối tác.

e.g: American teenagers and their British counterparts.

- competence (n): the ability to do something well, năng lực

e.g: The test is designed to assess language competence.

- compliment (n): an expression of praise or flattery, sự tán dương.

e.g: It's a great compliment to be asked to do the job.

- companion (n): a person etc who accompanies another person as a friend etc, bạn đồng hành.

e.g: She was his constant companion in his childhood.

- with hindsight: wisdom or knowledge got only after something (usually bad) has happened, sự
nhận thức sau.

e.g: With hindsight, all these efforts were of little avail.

- overall: including everything or everyone; in total, cuối cùng.

e.g: Overall, this is a very useful book.

- subsequently: afterwards, rồi thì, rồi sau đó.

e.g: He escaped from prison, but was subsequently recaptured.

- as bright as a button: intelligently alert and lively, thông minh, sáng dạ, đối đáp nhanh nhạy.

e.g: Some of them are frail physically but are as bright as a button in their minds
- out of stock: products that are out of stock are not available to buy in a store because they have
all been sold, hết hàng.

e.g: You will be notified by email if any part of your order is out of stock.

- alternatively (adv): used to introduce a suggestion that is a second choice or possibility, như
một sự lựa chọn.

e.g: The agency will make travel arrangements for you. Alternatively, you can organize your
own transport.

- to be into: thích một cái gì đấy.

e.g: He's into surfing in a big way.

- stand comparison with: to be as good as someone or something, có thể so sánh với.

e.g: Their performance stands comparison with any hospital in Scotland.

- tide sb over: to help someone to work or operate normally through a difficult period, usually
by lending them money, giúp đỡ để vượt qua sự khó khan bằng cách cho mượn tiền.

e.g: Can you lend me some money to tide me over till the weekend?

- carry away: mang đi, đem thi, cuốn đi hay say mê.

e.g: The crowd were carried away by his passionate speech.

- face off: đối mặt.

e.g: The company faced off the competition.

- sustainability (n): the ability to continue or be continued for a long time, sự bền vững.

e.g: The strength and sustainability of the economic recovery is still in doubt.

- purification (n): the process of making something pure by removing substances that are dirty,
harmful or not wanted, sự làm sạch.

e.g: Water purification combines a number of methods to produce potable or drinking water.

- prohibitive (adj): if the cost of something is prohibitive, it is too expensive for most people,
cao đến mức không thể mua được.

e.g: Hotel prices in the major cities are high but not prohibitive.

- hot on: interested in and knowing lot about something; strict about something, nghiêm khắc về
gì đó.
e.g: Elizabeth’s really hot on nuclear physics.

- on the dole: được trợ cấp thất nghiệp.

e.g: If I can't find any work within a month, I'll have to go on the dole.

- on the horns of a dilemma: to be unable to decide which of two things to do because either
could have bad results, tình thế tiến thoái lưỡng nan.

e.g: The head of the New York office was on the horns of a dilemma and wondering what to do.

- chaotic (adj): without any order; in a completely confused state, hỗn loạn.

e.g: She had a chaotic personal life with a series of broken relationships.

- prospect (n): an outlook for the future; a view of what one may expect to happen, triển vọng.

e.g: He didn’t like the prospect of going abroad.

- ultimate (adj): last or final, cuối cùng, sau cùng.

e.g: His ultimate goal is to win the world championship.

- utmost (adj): greatest; most extreme, cực kỳ.

e.g: This is a matter of the utmost importance.

- be committed to: pledged to do, or to support, something, tận tụy.

e.g: He was committed to looking after his uncle.

- inevitable: that cannot be avoided; certain to happen, be done, said, used etc, không thể tránh
khỏi.

e.g: The Prime Minister said that war was inevitable.

- put down to: to think that a problem or situation is caused by a particular thing, đưa lời giải
thích.

e.g: I put the children's bad behaviour down to the fact that they were tired.

- make allowance for: chiếu cố, tha thứ hay chấp nhận ai trong một số trường hợp đặc biệt.

e.g: We should make allowance for bad weather and have plenty of umbrellas available.

- on the right track: suy nghĩ hay hành động đúng hướng.

e.g: You haven't quite got the answer yet, but you're on the right track.
- a matter of: chỉ là vấn đề về.

e.g: In a matter of seconds, the building was in flames.

- at the height of: the time when a situation or event is strongest or most full of activity, ở thời
điểm cao nhất của cái gì.

e.g: At the height of the violence/crisis we were left without any help.