Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dom: The Provincial Governor has the power The basic idea of government in the Philippine
to reprimand or temporarily suspend a Islands, as in the United States, is that of a
Municipal President. popular representative government, the officers
being mere agents and not rulers of the people,
Petitioner has argued that he has been deprived
one where no man or set of men has a
of an office, to which he was elected by popular
proprietary or contractual right to an office, but
vote, without having an opportunity to be
where every officer accepts office pursuant to
heard in his own defense. The respondents
the provisions of the law and holds the office as
reply that all that the provincial governor and
a trust for the people whom he represents.
the provincial board have done in this case is to
comply with the requirement of the law which
they are sworn to enforce.
Abeja vs. Tanada
Ruling: Suspension without notice and hearing One Liner: Public office being personal, the
is valid. death of a public officer terminates his right to
Ordinarily, a public official should not be occupy the contested office and extinguishes
removed from office without notice, charges, a his counterclaim for damages.
trial, and an opportunity for explanation. While Facts: Petitioner Abeja and private respondent
a day in court is a matter of right in judicial Rosauro Radovan were contenders for the
proceedings, in administrative proceedings - it is office of municipal mayor in the national
otherwise since they rest upon different election.
principles. In certain proceedings of an
administrative character the right to a notice Private respondent was credited with 6,215
and hearing are not essential to due process of votes as against petitioner's 5,951 votes.
law.
Petitioner filed an election contest covering
Due process is violated only if an office is twenty-two (22) precincts. Private respondent
considered property. However, a public office filed an Answer with a Counter-Protest of the
is not property within the constitutional results in thirty-six (36) precincts.
guaranties of due process. It is a public trust or
During the pre-trial, private respondent's
agency. As public officers are mere agents and
counsel filed a motion praying that the 36
not rulers of the people, no man has a
counter-protested precincts be revised only if it
proprietary or contractual right to an office.
is shown after completion of the revision of the
Every officer accepts office pursuant to law and
22 protested precincts that petitioner leads by a
holds office as a trust for the people whom he
margin of at least one (1) vote.
represents.
The revision of the ballots of the 22 precincts
Notes:
were completed so Abeja filed a motion that a
Power to suspend temporarily may be exercised judgment be rendered based on the results
without notice to the person suspended. from the 22 precincts. The first judge did not
rule on the motion. After, Radovan died.
Radovan was then substituted by the vice The substitution of the deceased Rosauro
mayor (Conrado de Rama) and Radovan’s wife, Radovan's widow, Ediltrudes Radovan, on the
Ediltrudes. Ediltrudes substituted his deceased ground that private respondent had a counter-
husband insofar as the latter’s counterclaim for claim for damages was erroneous.
damages is concerned.
Public office is personal to the incumbent and is
Federico Tañada, the judge who succeeded the not a property which passes to his heirs. The
first judge, ruled that the motion is premature heirs may no longer prosecute the deceased
because the 36 precincts are not yet revised. He protestee's counter-claim for damages against
posits that the 36 precincts may only be revised the protestant for that was extinguished when
if there is at least one point lead by Abeja (as death terminated his right to occupy the
agreed). contested office.
Dom: wa ko kasabot unsa ning revise2 Javier v. Sandiganbayan (medyo taas kay ako giapil
enumeration, e skip lang na ninyo. incase rana mag ask si
sir ana)
n) recommend to the President of Thus, pursuant to the Anti-Graft Law, one is a public officer
the Philippines nominees for the if one has been elected or appointed to a public office.
positions of the Executive Officer Petitioner was appointed by the President to the
and Deputy Executive Officer of the Governing Board of the NDBD. Though her term is only for
Board; a year that does not make her private person exercising a
public function. The fact that she is not receiving a
o) adopt rules and procedures and monthly salary is also of no moment. Section 7, R.A. No.
fix the time and place for holding 8047 provides that members of the Governing Board shall
meetings: Provided, That at least receive per diem and such allowances as may be
one (1) regular meeting shall be held authorized for every meeting actually attended and
monthly; subject to pertinent laws, rules and regulations. Also,
under the Anti-Graft Law, the nature of one's
p) conduct studies, seminars,
appointment, and whether the compensation one receives
workshops, lectures, conferences,
from the government is only nominal, is immaterial
exhibits, and other related activities
because the person so elected or appointed is still
on book development such as
considered a public officer.
indigenous authorship, intellectual
On the other hand, the Revised Penal Code defines a ISSUE: WON the petitioner can be considered a public
public officer as any person who, by direct provision of the officer by reason of his being designated by the BIR as
law, popular election, popular election or appointment by depositary of distrained property
competent authority, shall take part in the performance of
public functions in the Government of the Philippine RULING: The petition is meritorious.
Islands, or shall perform in said Government or in any of Azarcon: A Public Officer or A Private Individual
its branches public duties as an employee, agent, or
subordinate official, of any rank or classes, shall be The Information does not charge petitioner Azarcon of
deemed to be a public officer. being a co-principal, accomplice or accessory to a public
officer committing an offense under the Sandiganbayan's
Where, as in this case, petitioner performs public jurisdiction. Thus, unless petitioner be proven a public
functions in pursuance of the objectives of R.A. No. 8047, officer, the Sandiganbayan will have no jurisdiction over
verily, she is a public officer who takes part in the the crime charged. Article 203 of the RPC determines who
performance of public functions in the government are public officers.
whether as an employee, agent, subordinate official, of
any rank or classes. In fact, during her tenure, petitioner Thus,
took part in the drafting and promulgation of several rules
"(to) be a public officer, one must be —
and regulations implementing R.A. No. 8047. She was
supposed to represent the country in the canceled book (1) Taking part in the performance of public
fair in Spain. functions in the government, or Performing in
said Government or any of its branches public
In fine, We hold that petitioner is a public officer.
duties as an employee, agent, or subordinate
official, of any rank or class; and