REVISION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES

(ÔN TẬP MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)

*Tóm tắt về cách dùng của đại từ, trạng từ quan hệ dạng BT điền vào chỗ trống với WHO, WHOM,
WHICH, THAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHY.

+ Nhận dạng danh từ trước khoảng trống là N(người) ,N(vật), N(nơi chốn) hay N(tg)
+ Xác định từ loại đứng sau khoảng trống
+ Tìm đại từ, trạng từ quan hệ phù hợp với chức năng của nó

1, N(người) who /that V

N(người) , who V

2, N(người) whom (who) / that S + V

N(người) , _whom_ S + V
N(người) + giới từ (in / on / about / with / to...) whom

3, N(vật) which /that_ S / V

N(vật) , _which_ S / V
N(vật) + giới từ (in / on / about / with / to...) which

4, N(người) + N(vật)
All , only , the first , the last , the best, the + adj-est, the most + adj that
Someone , anybody , anything, nobody , nothing, everybody…..,

5, N(người hoặc vật) whose N + (+ S ) + V

Danh từ này không có “a/an/the/her/his/their”
(N thường gặp: father, mother, parents, children, son, daughter
sister, brother, house, car, …)
6, N(nơi chốn) where S + V
7. N(thời gian) when S + V where, when, why
8. the reason why S + V không đứng trước V, không có giới từ trước hoặc sau.

9. N(người) (whom / that) S + V có thể lược bỏ ĐTQH (whom, which, that) khi nó làm
10. N(vật) (which /that ) S + V túc từ , phía trước không có dấu phẩy, không có giới từ,
phía sau phải là S

Ex: - The people who/that work hard always succeed in life.

- Is he the first person that won the prize?
- The stories which/that Tom tells are usually very funny.
- Mr Pike, whose son is excellent, teaches me English at school.
- The girl about whom we are talking is a new student.
- We saw many soldiers and tanks that were moving to the front
- I want to return the village where I was born.
- I will never forget the day when she left me.
- Do you know the reason why she was absent from class?
Exercise 1 – Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1.An architect is someone______ deigns buildings.
a. who b. whom c. which d. whose
2.The boy to______ I lent my money is poor.
a. that b. whom c. who d. which
3. The land and the people______ I have met are nice.
a. who b. whom c. that d. which
4. I can answer the question______ you day is very difficult.
a. which b. whom c. who d. whose
5. The teacher____ house is next to mine died this morning.
a. who b. whom c. which d. whose
6. The year______ the first man traveled in space will never be forgotten.
a. which b. that c. when d. where
7. I cannot tell you all______ I heard.
a. Which b. that c. as d. because
8. We saw the girl______ you say is beautiful.
a. which b. whom c. who d. whose
9. Sunday is the day______ I go to Water park with my kinds.
a. when b. where c. why d. which
10. Sunday is the day on______ we usually go fishing.
a. that b.where c. when d. which
11. That was the reason______ he didn’t marry her.
a. when b. where c. why d. which
12. This is the place______ the battle took place ten years ago.
a. which b. in where c. where d. from where
13. The woman______ lives nest door is doctor.
a. who b. whom c. which d. whose
14. The person______ you want to see is not her.
a. who b. whom c. whose d. which
15. This is the last time______ I speak to you
a. of which b. that c. who d. whose
16. He talked about the books and the authors______ interested him.
a. who b. that c. which d. whom
17. The table____ legs are broken should be repaired.
a. who b. whom c. which d. whose
18. The town____ we are living is noisy and crowded
a. in where b. which c. at which d. where
19. He was loyal to____ trusted him.
a. whomever b. whom c. whoever d. what
20. The lady____ son went on a picnic with us last weekend is a teacher at our school.
a. who b. whom c. whose d. that
21. Take____ measures you consider best.
a. however b. whenever c. wherever d. whatever
22.____difficulties you may encounter, I'm sure you'll succeed.
a. how b. whatever c. however d. whenever
23. He is the only friend ____ I like.
a. who b. that c. whom d. whose
24. My brother Jim, ____ lives in Houston, is a doctor.
a. that b. who c. whom d. which
25. Brad told me about his new job, ____ he's enjoying very much.
a. that b. who c. whom d. which
26. She is the most beautiful girl____ ever lived.
a. who b. whom c. whose d. that
27. The speech____ we listened last night was informative.
a. to which b. which to c. to that d. that
28. Mrs. Bond is going to spend a few weeks in Sweden, ____ her daughter lives.
a. when b. where c. why d. that
29. Jack has three brothers, all of____ are married
a. who b. whom c. which d. that
30. They gave us a lot of information, most of ____ was useless.
a. who b. whom c. which d. that
31. There were a lot of people at the party, only a few of ____ I had met before.
a. whom b. whom c. them d. that
32. I have sent him two letters, neither of ____ has arrived.
a. who b. them c. which d. that
33. Jill isn't on the phone, ____ makes it difficult to contact her.
a. which b. that c. who d. who
34. Simon is the man _________ Mary loves.
A. whose B. which C. whom D. why
35. My wife, _________ is a doctor, works at Community Hospital.
A. who B. which C. whom D. that
36. This is the place _________ I met my wife.
A. what B. where C. which D. that
37. Only one of the people _________ work in the company is qualified.
A. what B. which C. who D. where
38. Those _________ had studied hard passed their exams.
A. what B. which C. who D. whose
39. The homeless people_____story appeared in the paper last week have now found a place to live.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
40. This is a town ________ many people live.
A. in which B. in where C. at which D. on which
41. I must thank the man from _____ I got the present.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
42. He spoke to the messengers with ________ you were leaving.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. that
43. Mexico City, _________ has a population of over million, is probably the fastest growing city in the worl
d.
A. which B. whose C. that D. where
44. Alaska, __________ my brother lives, is the largest state in the United States.
A. which B. where C. who D. whom
45. The house in ________ I was born and grew up was destroyed in an earthquake ten years ago.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
46. We captured a town ________ is in Spain.
A. whom B. where C. which D. it
47. I’ll see you near the post office ___________ we met the other day.
A. which B. where C. when D. why
48. She gives her children everything _______ they want.
A. that B. whose C. where D. who
49. There was a time _________movies cost a dime.
A. which B. at that C. when D. at when
50. The bed ________ I slept last night wasn't comfortable.
A. which in B. that in C. in which D. in that
 REDUCED FORMS OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
(Rút gọn MĐQH thành V-ing, V3/ed, to V)-UNIT 11

MĐQH thường được rút gọn theo các cách sau:

1. Participle phrases (cụm phân từ).
Điều kiện rút gọn: đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHICH, THAT phải ở vị trí chủ từ.

a. Present participle phrase (V-ing)

- Dùng V-ing để rút gọn MĐQH khi động từ chính trong MĐQH ở hình thức chủ động (V0,s/es, V2/ed,
am/is/are/was/were + V-ing, have/has+ V3/ed, will/shall+ Vo….).
→ bỏ who, that, which, và is, are, was, were, have,has,will,shall chuyển V chính về nguyên mẫu rồi
thêm -ing.

Ex: - Do you know the boy who broke the window?

 Do you know the boy breaking the window?

- Nếu V chính chia ở thì tiếp diễn hoặc V chính là Be: bỏ đại từ quan hệ và Be
Ex: - The man who is standing overthere is my uncle.
 The man standing overthere is my uncle.
- The books which are on that shelf are mine.
 The books on that shelf are mine.

b. Past participle phrase (V3-ed)

- Dùng V3-ed để rút gọn MĐQH khi V chính trong MĐQH ở hình thức bị động (am/is/are/was/were +
V3/ed, have/has+ been+V3/ed) .
→bỏ who, that, which, và is, are, was, were, have,has

Ex: - I don’t like the products which are advertised on TV.

 I don’t like the products advertised on TV.

2. Infinitive phrase (cụm động từ nguyên mẫu To-V)

MĐQH được rút gọn thành cụm To-V khi:

- Nó theo sau các từ the first, the second, the last, the only, the fifth + N…; dạng so sánh nhất của tính từ
(the most + adj, the + adj-est) + N; các ĐT bất định (Someone, somebody, anybody, anything, nobody,
nothing, everybody)
The captain was the last man who left the ship.
 The captain was the last man to leave the ship.

- Mệnh đề diễn tả mục đích, nhiệm vụ hay sự cho phép (which/that + S+ can/must/have,has to+V0).
The children need a big yard which they can play in.
 The children need a big yard to play in.
Exercise 2-Reduce relative clause to phrases, using participle phrases (V-ing) or infinitive phrase (to-V):

1. The man who is sitting there is a clown.

________________________________________________________________
2. The envelope which lies on the table has no stamp on it.
________________________________________________________________
3. The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy.
________________________________________________________________
4. All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.
________________________________________________________________
5. The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator.
________________________________________________________________
6. All students who don’t hand in their papers will fail in the exam.
________________________________________________________________
7. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.
________________________________________________________________
8.The manager that offers him a job is very successful.
________________________________________________________________
9. There are six letters which have to be written today.
________________________________________________________________
10. I have some letter that I must write.
________________________________________________________________
11. I want to meet the woman who taught me how to drive.
________________________________________________________________
12. Any student who does not want to go on the trip should inform the office.
________________________________________________________________
13. The first thing that you must do is to learn the new words in the reading.
________________________________________________________________
14. Am I the next person who joins the interview?
________________________________________________________________
15. The first man who traveled to outer space was Neil Armstrong.
________________________________________________________________
16. Airplanes which was invented in the twentieth century is one of the sources of pollution.
________________________________________________________________
17. The pianist who was playing at the concert last night is internationally famous.
________________________________________________________________
18. Tom was the last that left the classroom yesterday.
________________________________________________________________
19. Linda was the last student that was asked at the oral exam.
________________________________________________________________
20. He was the last person that was killed in this way.
________________________________________________________________

Exercise 3 – Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.

1. I come from a city _______ in the southern part of the country.

A. locate B. locating C. located D. which located
2. The woman _______next door is a famous singer.
A. lives B. who live C. living D. that living
3. The house ______ in the storm has now been rebuilt.
A. destroyed B. destroying C. which destroyed D. that is destroyed
4. The man ______ at the blackboard is our teacher.
A. stood B. stands C. standing D. to stand
5. Tom was the last ______the classroom yesterday.
A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. leaves
6. Linda was the first student ______ at the oral exam.
A. to be asked B. asking C. asks D. to ask
7. The bridge _____ by French architects is very nice.
A. was designed B. designing C. to design D. designed
8. The people __________ for the bus in the rain are getting well
A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. wait
9. I have a message for people __________ by the traffic chaos.
A. to delay B. who delay C. delayed D. who delaying
10. I live in a pleasant room ____________ the garden.
A. to overlook B. overlooking C. overlooked D. which overlooking
11. Melanie was the only person __________ a letter of thanks.
A. wrote B. written C. to write D. writing
12. The pilot was the only man __________ after the crash.
A. to rescue B. rescued C. rescuing D. to be rescued
13. The woman ________ to Tom is her mother.
A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. spoken
14. This is the seventh person________ late.
A. coming B. to come C. come D. all are correct
15. The book________ by Jack, is very famous.
A. which written B. written C. was written D. writing
16. He is only one boy________ in this game.
A. who participating B. participated C. to participate D. who participate
17. Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman ________ governor in the United State.
A. who elected B. elected C. was elected D. to be elected
18. She is the only in the discussion ________ to using nuclear power.
A. objects B. objected C. to object D. whom objects
19. Johnny was the last applicant ________ for a position in that energy station.
A. to interview B. interviewing C. to be interviewed D. which is interviewed
20. The instructions ________by Professor Johnson helped us know more about the danger of energy
pollution.
A. that explained B. which explained C. explaining D. explained

Exercise 4- Choose the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
1. He told her about the book. He liked it best.
A. He told her about the book which he liked it best.
B. He told her about the book he liked best.
C. He told her about the book whom he liked best.
D. He told her about the book whose he liked best.
2. The old man is working in this factory. I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
A. The old man is working in this factory which I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
B. The old man whom is working in this factory I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
C. The old man whom I borrowed his bicycle yesterday is working in this factory.
D. The old man whose bicycle I borrowed yesterday is working in this factory.
3. This is my opinion. You can do nothing to change it.
A. You can do nothing to change it my mind.
B. There’s nothing you can do to change my mind.
C. There’s nothing can be done except changing my mind.
D. You can do everything to change it my mind.
4. Colin told me about his new job. He's enjoying it very much.
A. Colin told me about his new job, which he's enjoying it very much.
B. Colin, who is enjoying it very much, told me about his new job.
C. Colin told me about his new job which he's enjoying very much.
D. Colin told me about his new job, which he's enjoying very much.
5. The man is my teacher. I am grateful to him.
A. The man whom I grateful to him is my teacher. C. The man is my teacher who I am grateful.
B. The man whom I am grateful to is my teacher D. The man to him I am grateful is my teacher.
6. Is the man your father? The man is standing at the gate.
A. Is the man whom is standing at the gate your father?
B. Is the man who standing at the gate your father?
C. Is the man standing at the gate your father?
D. Is the man that stands at the gate your father?
7. The children were attracted by cartoons. They were shown on this channel.
A. The children attracted by cartoons were shown on this channel.
B. The children were attracted by cartoons to have been shown on this channel.
C. Cartoons showing on this channel attracted the children.
D. The children were attracted by cartoons shown on this channel.
8. That is the student. I borrowed his book last week.
A. That is the student I borrowed whose book last week.
C. That is the student, whose book I borrowed last week
B. The student whose book I borrowed that is.
D. That is the student whose book I borrowed last week
9. I bought these books in London.
A. It is these books that I buy in London. C. It was these books that I bought in London.
B. It was these books which I bought on London. D. It was these books I bought in London.
10. Tell me the countries. People drive on the left there.
A. Tell me the countries which people drive on the left there.
B. Tell me the countries where people drive on the left.
C. Tell me the countries that people drive on the left there.
D. Tell me the countries where people drive on the left there.

Exercise 5- Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting.

1. She is the most beautiful woman whose I have ever met
A B C D
2. Mother’s Day is the day when children show their love to their mother on.
A B C D
3. He was very surprised when he visited London, which the drivers always drive on the right hand side of
A B C D
the street.
4. The singer about who I told you yesterday is coming here tomorrow.
A B C D
5. If you want a particular book, the person to see is the librarian she is wearing glasses.
A B C D
6. On the way home, we saw a lot of men, women, and dogs which were playing in the park.
A B C D
7. Stratford is the town there William Shakespeare, a great Enligh playwright was born and died.
A B C D
8.The students who don’t have library cards they can’t borrow books from the library.
A B C D
9. They have told me some information most of whom is very useful.
A B C D
10. Have you ever been to Da Lat when my father has a lovely house?
A B C D
11.I really don’t know the reason on which Sam was sacked.
A B C D
12. The biggest city in Brazil is Sao Paulo which population is over 5 million.
A B C D
13. The time which we will have another discussion should be appointed as soon as possible.
A B C D
14. The Thames, when I spent my childhood, is always in my mind.
A B C D
15.Tom Hank, who with Gelson had previously worked, contacted him about the role.
A B C D
16. English is much different from the language what was once brought across the North Sea by the Anglo-
Saxons. A B C D
17. A dam is a wall building across a river to stop the river’s flow and collect the water.
A B C D
18. This novel, which written by a well known writer, should be read.
A B C D
19. My friend George, arrived late, was not permitted to enter the class.
A B C D
20. The hotel where we stay in last year was excellent.
A B C D
Exercise 6 – Use the proper relative pronoun or relative adverb to combine each pair of sentences.
1. He was born on the day. His father was away on that day.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
2. He doesn’t want to sell the house. He was born in this house.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
3. My parents send their best wishes. You met them last month.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
4. The taxi driver is friendly. He took me to the airport.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
5. The meeting was interesting. I went to it yesterday.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
6. This is the bank. We borrowed the money from it.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
7. Dr Oley is our family’s dentist. He is a popular dentist in the city.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
8. This is the house. My father likes the garden of the house.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
9. The teacher punished the student. This student was naughty.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
10. Laura doesn’t like me. Do you know the reason ?
- …………………………………………………………………………………
11. My farther bought a motor bike. The motorbike costs thousand dollars.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
12. We are visiting Ha Long. Ha Long is in the north of Vietnam.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
13. A lion is an animal. This animal lives in Africa.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
14. Mr Carter is very interested in our plan. I spoke to him on the phone last night.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
15. London is the most populous city in England. My brother lives there.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
16. Our school has a good laboratory. The students practice chemistry in the laboratory.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
17. Some students don’t read much. They will not learn English as well as other students.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
18. We flew to New York in the Concorde. It is the fastest passenger plane in the world.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
19. Anyone must take an entrance examination. Anyone applies to that school.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
20. He swam across the English Channel. This is hard to believe that.
- …………………………………………………………………………………
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 1
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.D
11.C 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.D 18.D 19.C 20.C
21.D 22.B 23.B 24.B 25.D 26.D 27.A 28.B 29.B 30.C
31.B 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.D 40.A
41.B 42.B 43.A 44.B 45.A 46.C 47.B 48.A 49.C 50.C

Exercise 2
1. The man sitting there is a clown.
2. The envelope lying on the table has no stamp on it.
3. The diagrams made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy.
4. All the astronauts orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.
5. The gentleman living next door to me is a well-known orator.
6. All students not handing in their papers will fail in the exam.
7. I saw many houses destroyed by the storm.
8.The manager offerring him a job is very successful.
9. There are six letters to be written today.
10. I have some letter to write.
11. I want to meet the woman teaching me how to drive.
12. Any student not wanting to go on the trip should inform the office.
13. The first thing to do is to learn the new words in the reading.
14. Am I the next person to join the interview?
15. The first man to travel to outer space was Neil Armstrong.
16. Airplanes invented in the twentieth century is one of the sources of pollution.
17. The pianist playing at the concert last night is internationally famous.
18. Tom was the last to leave the classroom yesterday.
19. Linda was the last student to be asked at the oral exam.
20. He was the last person to be killed in this way.

Exercise 3
1.C 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B
11.C 12.D 13.B 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.D 18.C 19.C 20.D

Exercise 4
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.B

Exercise 5
1.C 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.C
11.C 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.A 19.A 20.B

1.C →that
2.D→ bỏ on
3.C→where
4.A→about whom
5.D→ who is wearing / wearing
6.C→that
7.B→where
8.C→ bỏ they
9.C→ most of which
10.C→where
11.C→ why /for which
12.C→whose
13.B→when
14.B→where
15.A→with whom
16.B→which
17.A→built
18.A→ bỏ which hoặc sửa thành which was written
19.A→ arriving
20.B→ bỏ in
Exercise 6 – Use the proper relative pronoun or relative adverb to combine each pair of sentences.
1. - He was born on the day when/on which his father was away.
2. - He doesn’t want to sell the house where/in which he was born.
3. - My parents, whom met last month, send their best wishes.
4. - The taxi driver who took me to the airport is friendly.
5. - The meeting which I went to yesterday was interesting.
6. - This is the bank which we borrowed the money from.
7. - Dr Oley , who is a popular dentist in the city, is our family’s dentist.
8. - This is the house whose garden / the garden of which my father likes.
9. - The student whom the teacher punished was naughty.
10. - Do you know the reason why Laura doesn’t like me ?
11. My farther bought a motor bike which/that costs thousand dollars.
12. We are visiting Ha Long, which is in the north of Vietnam.
13. A lion is an animal which/that lives in Africa.
14. Mr Carter , (to) whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.
15. London, where my brother lives, is the most populous city in England.
16. Our school has a good laboratory (in) which the students practice chemistry in.
Our school has a good laboratory where the students practice chemistry .
17. Some students who don’t read much will not learn English as well as other students.
18. We flew to New York in the Concorde, which is the fastest passenger plane in the world.
19. Anyone that applies to that school must take an entrance examination.
20. He swam across the English Channel, which is hard to believe that.