Summary of Legacy of

Spanish Colonialism in
Philippines
Main Points

 Hacienda System was implemented in 1800’s by the Spanish Colonizers in

response to the growing demand for raw materials of newly industrialized
countries in Europe.
 Spain needed to export bulk raw materials thus the need to concentrate
vast tracks of lands for commercial mono cropping .
 Hacienda system is exploitative in nature because of the existence of
inequality in the ownership of land resources. Landlords owns the vast track
of land and the farmers are mere tenants. Earnings/Profits from the produce
of the land is privately owned by a handful few landlord class.
 Hacienda system breeds poverty and hunger
Hacienda System still exist in the country to this date
Ilustrados’ kept the vast tracks of lands to
themselves

Ilutsrados became the new landlords (as seen in

the case of Negros haciendas)

Ilustrados turned landlords directly transact with

foreign capitalists
Current Impact of Hacienda System to
Filipino Farmers
 Poverty and landlessness to farmers
 Lack of Education
 Political disempowerment of tenants/farmers
 Election time, landlords dictates who will the tenants vote.
 Only the elite has the opportunity to run in electoral system
 Economic disempowerment of farmers
 Mere tenants, unjust wages
How to resolve the poverty of
the farmers and tenants?
Assignment by groups

 1. What are the land reform programs implemented during the American
colonialism? What are the strengths and weaknesses?
 2. What is the land reform program implemented during the Marcos
administration? What are the strengths and weaknesses?
 3. Magsaysay-Macapagal Period
 4.What is the land reform program implemented during the Cory Aquino
administration to Duterte administration? What are the strengths and
weaknesses?
 4.aCory Aquino – Gloria Macapagal Arroyo period
 4.bPnoy –Duterte administration?
Assignment Format

 Maximum of 5 pages
 Times New Roman, 12 points, 1.5 spacing
 Only one per group will upload the assignment
 Due on: March 23,2022
What will be the impact of sugar
importation to sacadas / sugarcane
planters and tenants?