Nitin K/ James B, Doha, 11th Oct 2015

Emergency Lighting Standards and CPS

concepts in the Middle East
Low Voltage Division

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Topics
Why We Need Emergency Lighting ?
• The 4 Pillars of Safety

Design Standards & Guidelines – Em. Lighting

• BS5266 (Part 1,7,8&10) Vs NFPA 101
• Illuminations of Means of Egress
• Risk Assessment and High Task Area Lighting
Implication of Poor Wiring practices
• BS7671 : Wiring practices for Emergency Lighting Circuits

Myths and Facts

• Why not use HID Lamps ?
• Why not UPS ?
• Implications and Possibilities.
Emergency Lighting Concepts
• S/C vs Central Battery Units
• BSEN 50171 : CPS Selection
• EN50172 Synopsis

Q&A
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Introduction

The Need for Emergency Lighting :

If artificial lighting is installed in the work place, some form of

Emergency Lighting is a mandatory requirement as per
International/ Local jurisdictions.

Ref: NFPA 101/ IBC /BSEN50171/ VDE 0108/ SASO 2012

In Response to :

 Reduced risk of falls and potential serious injury

 Reduced panic level that occurs during an emergency

Rapid exits from buildings where necessary

 Better security
 Facilitates any medical emergency or life-threatening event where
time is crucial.

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4 Pillars of Safe evacuation

Common sense

Escape plan according to

current legislation & standards

Working installation & safety

equipment

Maximum safety in case of fire

& calamities

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Safe evacuation. Common sense

No physical barriers on escape route

No exit signs hidden behind curtains etc.

Confusing escape route directions

Mixture of formats
and directions

Barriers Unnecessary Confusion

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Escape route lighting = see where you walk

Equal light distribution, no dark area’s or

dark spots 40:1 diversity ration

Minimize glare along escape route

Illuminate tread on stairs

Final exit safe egress – Above all final exit

doors
Uniform illumination Safe Egress Threshold Lighting

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Escape route signage = know where to go

Provide ‘clear’ and unambiguous

guidance to escape exit/s.

Sign formats should not be mixed

UK/EU & ME Region

ISO 7010

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Sign Directives as perEN1838

European Pictogram format signs

are acceptable

BS 5266 and ISO 7010 signs are also

deemed acceptable

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Emergency Signs Viewing Distance

Non Illuminated exit

sign = 100 x Legend
height (the legend not the
luminaire)

Illuminated exit sign =

200 x Legend Height

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Design Standards

Code of Practice

EN
60598.2.22 EN50171 IEC 62034
(Luminaire
BS 5266 ( Central (Automatic BS 7671
Performance Power
Part 1, 7 & Test for (Wiring
) Systems) EN 50172
10 Emergency Practice)
(Covers EN (Performanc
(Design EN 50272 Lighting Of
1838, 1& 2 e features)
Guidelines) System) NEC
BS5266 - ( Covers
Or (Safety Or (Article 700 –
Part 7) BS5266:
NFPA requirements Emergency
EN 60598 -1 Part 8)
Life safety for Batteries NFPA Systems –
(Normal and
code 101 (section NFPA 70)
Luminaire Enclosures 7.9.3)
conversions
standards)

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Means of Egress Path

Definition:
A continuous and unobstructed way of travel from any
point in a building or structure to a public way consisting
of three separate and distinct parts: (1) the exit access,
(2) the exit and (3) the exit discharge.

such as aisles, corridors, stairs, and ramps are

considered as Means of Egress path ‘Designated’ by
Authorities Having Jurisdictions (AHJ)

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Illuminations of Means of Egress
NFPA 101:Section 7.9

Initial Illumination not less than

Means of Egress Path avg of 1.0 ft-cd (10.8 lux) and
at any point not less than 0.1
Initial Illumination not ft.-cd (1.1 lux) measured at
less than 10.8 lux
and shall not drop
floor level. Not permitted to
below 6.5 lux by end decline below 0.6 ft.-cd (6.5
of duration at Path
of Egress lux) by the end of duration.

1.1 lux min at Uniformity Ratio = 40 :1

any point of
Egress path

NFPA 101:Section 7.8.1.4*

Required illumination shall be
arranged so that the
failure of any single lighting
unit does not result in an
illumination level of less than
0.2 ft-candle (2.2 lux) in any
designated area.

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Illuminations of Means of Egress
NFPA 101:Section 7.8

Walking Surfaces As per Paragraph 7.8.1.3(1), requiring at

Means of Egress Path
least 10 ft.-candle
(108 lux) for new stairs during conditions of
stair use.

During conditions where the stair is not

being used but the building is occupied,
there must be at least 1 ft. candle
(10.8 lux) of illumination on the stair walking
surfaces in compliance with 7.8.1.3(2).

‘Response time during the changeover from

normal mains to Standby source shall not
be more than 10 secs and in conjunction
with battery operated emergency luminaires
shall comply with initial illumination not less
than 10.8 lx and not permitted to decline
below 6.5lx by the end of duration for
1.5hrs’

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Illuminations of Means of Egress

Assembly Occupancies

NFPA 101:Section 7.8

For Assembly occupancy like

Theaters, auditoriums etc.
Illumination of floors towards
exit access shall be at least
2.2 lux during period of
performances.

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Points of Emphasis

To illuminate exit doors and safety signs

Near Intersection of the Corridor Near Stairs and Changes in Level

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Points of Emphasis

Indicate the Escape routes clearly with exit signs

Near Intersection of the Corridor Near Stairs and Changes in Level

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Points of Emphasis
Ensure Fire safety equipment such as fire alarm call-point, fire
extinguisher etc. can be located

Near each piece of Fire fighting Near Each First Aid Point
equipment or manual Call point

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Points of Emphasis

Ensure steps illuminate the full tread to prevent tripping

Illumination of Staircase designated for Emergency Use

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Risk Assessment
Illuminate escape routes & open areas to eliminate trip hazards and
obstacles

Evacuation Area

Anti- Panic Areas

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High Risk Area Task Lighting
Provide illumination for High Risk Areas (operational Critical Areas)
to allow the processes to be shut down safely

As per BS5266 standards,

Illumination should be min of
10% of Normal Lighting or 15
Lux whichever is greater.

Free from Stroboscopic Effect

Uniformity Ratio : 10 : 1

Response Time: 0.5 sec

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EN 60598.2.22 Luminaire standards at a glance

Earthing : All Metal Parts must be Earthed, unless

Equipment is double Insulated (Class II)

Flash Test : Withstand 1500V without fault L-N-E for 3 sec.

Clearance: Creepage and clearance Distance between Live

parts and accessible metal parts must be adequate

F- Marked: Fire Must be suitable to mount on Flammable

Surface

Fire Retardancy: External Parts of the enclosure must be

fire retardant Complying with the 850 deg C hot wire test.

Brown Out Operation : Luminaire must changeover from

Normal to Emergency output and return within band 60% to
85% of rated supply voltage.

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Conversion of general lighting to Emergency
In order to meet higher lux levels on escape routes,
we may have to use a general lighting luminaire for
Emergency operation
• Conversions of general lights to ‘combined mains/emergency’
need to be inline with applicable standards (EN 60598)
• Should be carried out in a controlled environment with records,
drawings and a technical file for traceability (Needed to comply
with ‘CE’ and ISO9001
• Should be conducted or supervised by trained engineer in line
with manufacturers guidelines

THE CONSEQUENCES
OF GETTING IT WRONG

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EN60598-1 :Conversion good practice

As per EN60598-1 standards, Emergency

Lighting conversion must be Either integral
of the Luminary or in a Remote Enclosure
and must be protected with Fuse Base or
use Fused connectors instead.

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Emergency Lighting Solutions
Concepts
Em. Lighting Concept
S/C
Batteries/ Chargers within Luminaire
Advantages Disadvantages
• Simple Installation • Fragmented solution
• No Special Cabling • Limited Light output (upto
30% only)
• Multi-point maintenance
• Battery replacement 3 -5
years
• High Energy consumption
© ABB
Central Power
Supply
Batteries/ Chargers at Central Location
Advantages Disadvantages
• Improved Light output • Fire Protected Cabling
(Upto 100%)
• Centralised maintenance,
min. disruption
• Battery replacement 8 -
10 years, single point
Maint.
• Low Energy consumption
• Design life for CPS :20+
years
Emergency Lighting Solutions
Light Output

Self contained Central System

Runs single lamp of multi-lamp fittings Can run single or all lamps of multi-lamp fittings

Typically 100% BLF in conversions

Typically 14 - 22% BLF in conversions
FEWER EMERGENCY FITTINGS REQUIRED

© ABB
Emergency Lighting Solutions
Light Output

Lamp Lumen Output of standard 8W fitting

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Emergency Lighting Solutions
Comparison Graph

SAVINGS

© ABB
EN 50171 CPS standards at a glance

Enclosures must be resistant to fire with lockable doors

Ventilation requirements must be met

Battery Chargers and rectifiers must comply to EN60146-1-

1 and EN50272-2

Shall be capable of permanently handling 120% of Load

requirements for rated duration i.e. 20% overcapacity

Must be capable of rupturing associated fuses/ MCB

installed in final circuits i.e. high overload capacity

While the standard mainly relates to Emergency Lighting it

also covers power supplies for other safety applications

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EN 50171 Standards Synopsis

EN50272 (safety requirement for secondary batteries and enclosures): Central

battery equipment with a battery voltage in excess of 60V should be mounted
within a lockable enclosure and clearly labelled with warning labels. The term
enclosure can be a battery room with lockable door i.e. open racking.

The area surrounding the central battery equipment should be free from
obstacles to facilitate ease of maintenance and fault repair.

Cont… see EN50272

CONTROL CUBICLE

BATTERY CUBICLE
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EN 50172 & IEC 62034 : Synopsis

Testing of emergency lighting:

The system must be appropriate for the

application & tests are:
A functional
test at least
A duration Risks during Re-charging Results must
monthly
test at least the duration must be be recorded
checking the
annually for test must be checked after in the Log
emergency
full duration. minimised. the tests. Book.
operation of
the luminaire.

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Testing requirements
BS 5266-8/EN 50172

COMMISSIOINING
INITIAL

DT
FT

FT
FT

FT
FT

FT

FT

FT
FT

FT
FT

Intervals Type By Who Required Equipment requiring test

Monthly Function test (short Responsible All pass Central power supply and
test) FT person + Luminaires
Signature
Annually Duration test DT Competent All pass Central power supply and
(12 Mnth) (Full autonomy) engineer + Luminaires
Signature

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BS7671 : IET wiring Guidelines for Emergency Lighting

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BS7671 : Wiring must be flame retardant
Cable must be fire rated from leaving Fire rated cable,
central power supply source to the FP or MICC
luminaire.
Enhanced Firetuff Like - FP200, DISTRIBUTION
FP400 PANEL

• Cheap and easy to use.

MAINS
MICC – Mineral insulated Copper LUMINAIRES
Coated

• Expensive and hard to use,

however has excellent flame
retardant qualities.

Ref:
BS5266/BS5839/EN50200
EMERGENCY
LUMINAIRES

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BS7671 : Distribution
Fire rated cable,
FP or MICC
Failure of any luminaire must not affect
the remainder of the circuit or the full
DISTRIBUTION
system i.e. the luminaire should have PANEL
its own internal fuse.

Distribution devices should be

designed and applied to ensure a fault MAINS
LUMINAIRES
in one circuit does not affect the
operation of any other circuit or the
Central battery system

Ref: BS7671/ EN60598-1

EMERGENCY
LUMINAIRES

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Examples of Incorrect wiring practices at site

Implications:
• Health and safety Hazards during
Commissioning & Maintenance
• Fire Hazards

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Myths and Facts ?

Can we Use HID Lamps

for Em. Lighting?

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Can we Use HID lamps for Em. Lighting Applications ?

Types of HID Lighting :

• Sodium Vapour
• Mercury Vapour

Application :
• Sports Centers
• Airports
• Universities
• Exhibitions/ conference centers
Implications:
• Requires Hot Re-strike Period once switched OFF/
change of Supply.
• Max allowable changeover period is <0.004 secs

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Discharge Lighting - Implications

Without the aid of the bypass circuit the inverter must

be able clear the largest distribution protection device and
then recover to full output voltage within 5 seconds

Other References: BS7671:2008 – 411.3.2.2, 411.3.2.5,

560.6.9 & 560.7

Most Discharge lighting takes a prolonged period of time

to strike the lamp and does not comply with Standards
Set at 5 seconds

Some manufacturers claim “NO-BREAK output solves

this. (WRONG)

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Emergency Lighting Solutions
Discharge Lighting- Examples
OVERLOAD
OUTPUT CURRENT

MCB 1

OFFICE

MCB 2 SHORT
CIRCUIT
0V
230V
CENTRAL
POWER
SUPPLY
FAIL SUPPLY

LOSS OFDarkness
EM LIGHTS
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Emergency Lighting Solutions
Discharge Lighting- Examples
WAREHOUSE
OUTPUT CURRENT

MCB 1

OFFICE

MCB 2 SHORT
CIRCUIT
230V
CENTRAL
POWER
SUPPLY
FAIL SUPPLY

DISCHARGE LAMPS WARM UP

MCB FAULT CLEARS (upto 15 min) (approx 5 sec’s)
© ABB
Myths and Facts ?

Why Not UPS ?

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Heat Dissipation and Parasitic Power

Under mains healthy conditions active stand-by systems

generate significant amounts of heat

Under mains healthy conditions true passive standby static

inverters generate virtually no heat

Under mains fail (emergency) conditions both systems

generate comparable amounts of heat

( up to 3 hours of the year)

Heat generated by the machine can contribute

to battery life acceleration

LETS SEE!!!
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Parasitic power : During Normal Condition

STATIC INVERTER CPS POWER

UPS POWER TRANSFER
TRANSFER
HEAT HEAT
NEGLIGABLE
HEAT

HEAT

CHARGER INVERTER
CHARGER INVERTER

INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT

+ - + -
PASSIVE
BATTERY
STANDBY
OPERATION

The higher the heat output greater the PASSIVE STANDBY SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCES
Parasitic power PARASITIC POWER USED

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Temperature effects on batteries
20% tolerance for end of life.
EN50171 requires 20%
overcapacity

The biggest factor relating to premature lead acid

battery failure is Heat

Lead acid battery design lifetimes are normally

based on a 20-25oC i.e. 10-12 years with ambient
temp <25oC

For every 5oC above the battery lifetime is halved

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Overload and Short Circuit Requirements :
BSEN5266 requires: Emergency lighting should illuminate
in the event of a localised lighting sub-circuit failure .i.e. not
reliant upon supply failure to the building

CPS will provide sufficient power without any support of

standby bypass source during a power failure in event of
Emergency/Fire conditions.

EN50171 states :

• 6.5.8 The inverter shall be capable of clearing any associated

final circuit or distribution circuit fused without shutting down or
rupturing its output fuse. Inverters shall recover to normal
output automatically within 5 s of the fuse being cleared. The
size and type of fuse or protective device fitted in the
distribution system shall be specified by the manufacturer.

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Overload and Short Circuit ratings

UPS Inverters are designed to cater SMPS intermittent

Overloads and depends on Bypass circuit for any consistent
overload/ short circuits and therefore unsuitable for emergency
lighting applications.
However, CPS is designed for to handle overload and
intermittent short circuit load to enable MCB clearance of the
faulty circuits.

LETS SEE!!!
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Overload characteristics of an CPS System

Short circuit Emergency central battery system overload

Event owing to fire or mechanical damage in the
160 Distribution
140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Power figures based on 10KVA 11

Power supply

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Advantages of true static inverter

Increased Life expectancy of equipment/Batteries – High

MTBF (Mean time before failure)

Reduced sizing of HVAC for the room – Lower Energy

consumption

Simple wiring to meet “Sub Circuit Monitoring and Testing

schemes” – Ease of installation

Improved overload and short circuit capabilities during

emergency/ fire conditions during mains supply failure –
Higher life safety concept

De-Skill expertise to maintain the equipment – Lower MTTR

(Mean time to repair)

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Emergency Lighting Solutions
Possibilities

Discharge lighting becoming a obsolete technology in favour of

LED High Bay luminaires as a alternative Solutions

LED better able to fulfil Emergency lighting standards capable of

full lumen output within 5 seconds

Improved light distribution and energy performance

LED – 150 Luminaire Lumens per watt
HID – 90 Luminaire lumens per watt

LED have longer life expectancy

LED – 60,000 Hours
HID – 24,000 Hours

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Emergency Lighting Solutions
Thank you

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