LINE AND TRANSFORMER LOSSESPrimary Insulator Device used to isolate the Loeation where primary wares. (800 Vs) are: attached. Location where s0c- wogary wires, 200 V) ard attached. PUBLIC LEVEL PRIMARY LEVEL SECONDARY LEVEL COMMUNICATION LEVEL ‘wire trom the ‘wood (pole of crossarm). High-Voltage Sign ‘Allows utility workors to know’ from tha wood. (og. 120 V/208 Vand 277 V/480 VI. Secondary Insulator Device uses to wotate me wore Ground Moulding Wood product used to coverWhat’s on an Electric Power Pole? This is an illustration of asic equipment found on a typical distribution. pole and can vary by location. Primary wires are Insulators prevent ‘on top ofthe pole enesoized wires and usualy carry ‘rom enining 12,000 vats ot in contact wit elect fom a each other or the substation, uy pote, Cutouts act like a ‘A crossarm holds fuse-and open when the wires up on there i a problem ‘he pole, th the line ora section oft The neutral wie Isbetow the Lightning arestors anes eee acts 28a line back sonata to the substation Wore anny and balancos out kee the amount of electricity of fad on the sytem, Tvertape ‘Transtormers electricity after it convert higher passes through vagy ett te tansoret ‘art by inay ses rs tevotae we Teton ad byewsomes ‘eon are typically the Aron vines seta the entize fength of the pl ects ‘any electricity on aoe diy wes nob . stabilize wtilty poles.StaleHOW WIND TURBINES WORK i. Wind causes blades to rotate 2. Shaft tums generator to produce electrical energy 3. A transformer tums this into high-voltage electricity 4. Electricity is transmitted via the power gridWicket gate‘Overhead ground wire High-voltage fing (2-phasa, 3-wite, 6.600) Heghwoltage down conductor Low-voltage line Jor power service Low-voltage insulator Lowvoltage line for residential service (single-phase, 3-nine, 400/200) P= Step bot — Low-voltage up eonduetor ‘transtormear cutoutElectrical Transmission Tower types and design Transmission Tower To determine the actual transmission tower height by considering the above points, we have divided the total height of tower in four parts. 1. Minimum permissible ground clearance (H1). 2. Maximum sag of the conductor (H2). 3. Vertical spacing between top and bottom conductors (H3). 4, Vertical clearance between ground wire and top conductor (H4),Fig. 15 (below). Standard single Fig. 16 (fight). Standard double FS circuit suspension tower cirevit suspension tower J 4 Dk i) J AWeatherhead keeps water out Meter and | meter box ——~__ C Neutral High voltage line Drop wire Fuse “Transformer Ground wire enters soil at bottom of pole Drip loop on wires keeps water out minimum 12’ above ground —— Conduit L | -connect to cut off box, breaker box etc -connect to outlet for mobile RV etc4400 kV FOUR-CIRCUIT LINE, ONE AC CIRCUIT CONVERTED TO DC OG3-phase, 3-wire "Y" connection “line” “line” (no "neutral" wire) "line"HV A.C. Substation Touch Step Touch Touch Step Reach touch voltage voltage voltage voltage voltage voltage9% Solar Thermal neviieie wees Technology oo’ 7 P vy x * \, : MY fuse switch hae — 5 LV network LY network E Main switch } si ' 4 protected feeders by ne k= i LL Meter cabinet E NG rer = ct <—— LVbord | cabinets, 4 LY network | ooo ndFigure 1. Electric Power Grid Representation Blue Transmission Green Distribution Black Generation "| Subtransmission ‘Customer seeds Transmission Lines am 448/138, 230, 348, 600, and 765kV ZBkVandeaKy! Primary et “***"! Customer arenafonnner 43kVand4 kV Secondery Generating Transmission @ |) Customer Station Generator (Customer STS) 120V and240v Step-Up 138 kVand230kV Transformer Source: DOE. 2006: se¢ footnote 13. Modified based on industry review.Components of GIS: Bus bars Circuit Breakers + Disconnecting switches 7 * Earthing switches * Current transformers 8 + Voltage transformers Cable and boxes “+ Gas supply and gas monitoring equipment 1.Circuit Breaker 5.Maintenance earthing switct 2.Operating mechanism _6.Fast acting earthing switch (CB) 7.Voltage transformer 3.Current Dapeermer 8.SF6 Bushing 2Ground wire. Insulators 1. rs a et so" . xo" Components of Transmission Lines nductor The main current carrying element a at Pylon ow ww Pole/Tower which supports conductor ee at Insulator ry tt Sepuriaathe conductors from tower." ‘ oe Giou al round Wire Top wire which protects against the lightping a oo Cross arms pat: 0 which insulators are ‘oined Comes www.ohmlaw.xyzTRANSFORMADORES DE DISTRIBUCION 3 Secondary, outputs. Distribution Mie latsolinilos i jeutral TL Ground wire >; to base of pole |Typical Home Breaker Box our breaker boxPower Transmission Tower Tower top _# Overhead ground wire Insulator string ‘Tower window Conductor bundle Tower body Waist Diagonal Horizontal member Main leg Tower base 'oot. Distribution Transformer eutra Ground wire : to base of polefei) |. Conductor 2. Terminal Connector 3, Self Amalgamating Insulating Tape 4 Terminal Sleeve (Adhesive Lined) 5. Oil Barrier Sleeve 6.Anti Tracking Weathering Sleeve 7. Stress Control Sleeve 8. Glass Cushion Tape 9. Belting Oil Barrier Sleeve 10.Worm Drive Clamp Tf. Earthing Plumb 12. Copper Braid (Earthing) 13. Adhesive Lined Gland Sleeve I4. Protection Umbrella |S. Rain Shed 16. Perforated Metal Foil Screen 17. Conducting Breakout CALETA LECGAEALLI ELA LUA ULULLA TLC ELE LOLOLHigh-Voltage Transmission Lines Substation Transformer Aggregation Point 20 ee High-Voltage Transmission Towers Medium Voltage Bypass Power Line Device 30 Distribution Low Voltage Premise Transformer 60 Network is Low Voltage Customer Premise 40 Powerline poate me Interface Dev 50Wye Delta x ; 7m x 480 Volts | 480 Volts A 120 Volts B W008 x 277 Volts) tah 480 Volts ) | B vy ° 208 Volts 277 Volts 2s Vols v A-B 480 Volts A-B 240 Volts B-C 480 Volts B-C 240 Volts C-A 480 Volts C-A 240 Volts A-N 277 Volts A-N 120 Volts B-N 277 Volts B-N 208 Volts C-N 277 Volts C-N 120 VoltsTransformerGuard — | a | ! *>. Bebeibagioonts 0 " . AINMUMAR BABI HdAy= Transformer Main Parts mg iB f 2 Do .MssNsd ek ac HeGummns Threelimbcore 9 pyaar nscBts 99. BIIGY W Winding > graynimiaguisrts HV Winding on gramindapiges om. 3 Tapped Winding % sgtsiqynt Tapleads tt. ypeoth is W Bushings b. Seibmdageis HV Bushings Bokeh) ClampingFrame cf . Aj2s isthe On-Load Tep Changer &. SApAPENEPS ROME 10, MotorDrive © om 90 Gngbinhminyendy 11. Tank 99. F@E 12, Conservator Oo .FNBATSE 13, Radistors 90m. FPggnsrszy per awew np sein:80h) CHEANICH YEM tes Sy