Trina Rose A.

Autida
BS BIO-3

Exercise 5: Principle of Complete Dominance and the Use of Punnett Square

I. Play the animated lecture video using the link below: And proceed to understand the
cross of both heterozygous parents (Pp) of the F1 generation. What are the genotypes,
phenotypes and genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the progenies (F2 generation)?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CQqFpKiRhw

II. Problems for Predicting Monohybrid crosses:

A. Genetic Monohybrid Problems

1. In Mendel's experiment true-breeding pea plants with spherical seeds were crossed with
true-breeding plants with dented seeds. (Spherical seeds are the dominant characteristic.)
Mendel collected the seeds from this cross, grew F1-generation plants, let them self-pollinate
to form a second generation, and analyzed the seeds of the resulting F2 generation. The
results that he obtained, and that you would predict for this experiment are: Show your
solution (Punnett square)

a. 1/2 the F1 and 3/4 of the F2 generation seeds were spherical.

b. 1/2 the F1 and 1/4 of the F2 generation seeds were dented.
c. All of the F1 and F2 generation seeds were spherical.
d. 3/4 of the F1 and 9/16 of the F2 generation seeds were spherical.
e. All the F1 and 3/4 of the F2 generation seeds were spherical.

Solution:
Let, “S” (spherical seeds) be the dominant and “s” (Dented seeds) as recessive

F1 generation [ SS x ss]

s s
Genotypic ratio: 1 Ss
S Ss Ss Phenotypic ratio: 100% spherical
S Ss Ss

F1 generation [ Ss x Ss]
 S s Genotypic ratio: 2 Ss: 1 SS: 1 ss
Phenotypic ratio: 3 spherical seeds: 1 dented seed
S SS Ss ¾ spherical seeds: ¼ dented seeds
s Ss c
2. A genetic cross between two F1-hybrid pea plants for spherical seeds will yield what percent
spherical-seeded plants in the F2 generation? (Recall, spherical-shaped seeds are dominant
over dented seeds.). Show your solution.

a. 100%

b. 75%

c. 50%

d. 25%

e. 0%

Solution:
Let, “S” (spherical seeds) be the dominant and “s” (Dented seeds) as recessive

F1 generation [ SS x ss]

s s
Genotypic ratio: 1 Ss
S Ss Ss Phenotypic ratio: 100% spherical
S Ss Ss

F2 generation [ Ss x Ss]

S s Genotypic ratio: 2 Ss: 1 SS: 1 ss

Phenotypic ratio: 3 spherical seeds: 1 dented seed
S SS Ss ¾ spherical seeds: ¼ dented seeds
s Ss c (75% spherical seeds: 25% dented seeds)

3. A genetic cross between two F1-hybrid pea plants having yellow seeds will yield what
percent green-seeded plants in the F2 generation? Yellow seeds are dominant to green.
Show your solution.

a. 0%

b. 25%

c. 50%
 d. 75%

e. 100

Solution:
Let, “Y” (Yellow seeded plants) be the dominant and “g” (Green seeded plants) as recessive

Given: F1- hybrid pea plants having yellow seeds = Yg

F2- Hybrid cross [ Yg x Yg]

Y g Genotypic ratio: 2 Yg: 1 YY: 1 ss

Phenotypic ratio: 3 Yellow seeded-plant: 1 green seeded plant
Y YY Yg ¾ Yellow seeded-plant: ¼ green seeded plant
g Yg gg (75% spherical seeds: 25% green seeded plant )

 In a Yy x Yy cross, 25% of the F2 plants will be yy with the recessive, green-seeded

phenotype.

4. When true-breeding tall stem pea plants are crossed with true-breeding short stem pea
plants, all of the _________ plants, and 3/4 of the __________ plants had tall stems.
Therefore, tall stems are dominant.
a. F1, F2.
b. G1, G2.
c. parental, F2.
d. F2, parental.
e. P1, P2
Solution:
Let, “T” (tall stem pea plants) be the dominant and “t” (short stem pea plants) as recessive

F1 generation [(P1) TT x (P2) tt] – cross of homozygous parent

t t
Genotypic ratio: 0: 1 Tt
T Tt Tt Phenotypic ratio: 100% tall stem pea
T Tt Tt plants
F2 generation [(Tt x Tt] – cross of heterozygous parent

T t Genotypic ratio: 2 Tt: 1 TT: 1 tt

T TT Tt Phenotypic ratio: 3 Tall stem pea plants: 1 Short stem plants
¾ Tall stem pea plants: ¼ Short stem plants
t Tt tt
(75% Tall stem pea plants: 25% Short stem plants )

 Tt hybrids dominate the F1 plants. In approximately 25% of the plants, the

recessive trait (tt) reappears in the F2 generation.