Unit 10 Reproduction - Knowledge Audit for SEPs ANSWERS

Human Reproduction
1. What does the term primary sexual These are the organs you are born with – testes and ovaries
characteristics mean? [1]
2. What does the term secondary sexual These are the changes that occur during puberty as a result of
characteristics mean? [1] hormones produced from primary sexual organs
3. What are the reproductive hormones in males Males – testes – testosterone
and females and where are they produced Females – ovaries – oestrogen
from? [4]
4. Identify 3 changes that occur only in females Hips widen
[3] Breasts develop
Start menstrual cycles
5. Identify 3 changes that occur only in males Shoulders broaden
[3] Voice breaks
Testicles descent
Produce sperm
6. Identify 3 changes that occur in both males Growth spurt
and females [3] Growth of pubic hair/body hair
Mood changes
7. What is the menopause and when does it When females stop producing eggs
occur? [2] Occurs from 35-40 years onwards
8. When are the gametes made in females? [1] Eggs made in the ovaries
9. When are the gametes made in males? [1] Sperm made in the testes
Score out of /19 Red 0-6 Amber 7-13 Green 14-19
Hormones and The Menstrual Cycle
1. What is the role of the menstrual cycle? [1] The maturation and release of an egg ready for fertilisation
2. How long does the menstrual cycle last? [1] 28 days
3. What even occurs on day 14? [1] Ovulation/egg released
4. What happens if there is no fertilisation of The lining of the uterus breaks down and is released
the egg? [1]
5. What happens if there is fertilisation of the The lining of the uterus is maintained to allow the fertilised egg
egg? [1] to develop
6. What are the 4 hormones involved in the LH
menstrual cycle? [4] FSH
Oestrogen
Progesterone
7. Can you identify where each of the hormones LH – pituitary gland
is produced? [4] FSH – pituitary gland
Oestrogen - ovary
Progesterone – from the egg sac
8. For each hormone can you outline its role in LH – ovulation/release of an egg
the menstrual cycle? [4] FSH – immature egg to mature in the ovary
Oestrogen – thicken the uterus lining/wall
Progesterone – maintain the thickness of the uterus wall
9. What does progesterone inhibit and why? [2] Inhibits FSH and LH
As you do not want more eggs to be matured and release if
there is a developing embryo.
Score out of /19 Red 0-5 Amber 6-8 Green 9-12
Artificial Control of Fertility
1. What is the definition of contraception? [1] A method to prevent the sperm and egg meeting
2. What is the difference between barrier and Barrier – physical stops the sperm and egg meeting
chemical contraception? [2] Chemical – kill or disable the sperm so can’t reach the egg
3. Can you identify 1 types of barrier and 1 Barrier – condom and diaphragm
types of chemical contraception? [2] Chemical –spermicide
4. What is the 1 benefit of condoms over all Protects against STIs
 other types of contraceptives? [1]
5. How can surgery be used as a contraceptive? Cut the tubes that carry the sperm and/or the eggs
What is 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage? [3] + permanent way to prevent pregnancy
- Cannot be reversed and does not protect against STIs
6. What is involved with abstinence and what is Not having sex at all or at certain times (when female is
a big disadvantage? [1] ovulating)
It is not reliable
7. What is an intrauterine device and what is an A device inserted into the uterus and prevent the lining of the
advantage and disadvantage? [3] uterus from thickening.
+ can last for 3-5 years without any issue
- Has to be inserted by a doctor/specialist and can cause
infections or problems with periods.
Score out of /13 Red 0-3 Amber 4-9 Green 10-13
Infertility Treatments
1. What are common causes of infertility? [2] Obesity
Eating disorders/extreme weight loss
Increasing age before having a baby
2. How can women that struggle with ovulation Can be given FSH injections
be helped? [2] Stimulates the production of eggs
3. What is involved with IVF? [4] Female given FSH to stimulate eggs to mature
Collect eggs
Fertilise them with sperm in a lab/dish/test tube
Allowed to multiply into a ball of cells
Inserted back into the female for continued development
4. Can you identify 2 advantages of fertility Gives people the chance to have a child when they can’t
treatments? [2] naturally.
Eggs can be stored for use later/can help with cancer sufferers
5. Can you identify 2 disadvantages of fertility Expensive to society
treatments? [2] Low success rates
Problematic for mother’s body/mental health issues
Can result in multiple births
Score out of /12 Red 0-4 Amber 5-8 Green 9-12
Plant Responses
1. What is a tropism and what are the 2 The response by a plant due to a stimulus
examples of tropisms in plants? [1] Gravity and light
2. What is involved in each of the tropisms? [2] Phototropism – plants respond to light by growing towards it
Gravitropism – plants respond to gravity by growing downards
3. What is the hormone involved in plant Auxin
growth? [1]
4. Where is this hormone located and what is Tip of roots and shoots
the effect of this hormone? [2] Causes cell division and elongation
5. Explain why shoots will bend towards the Auxin found in uneven concentration
light when growing. [3] Higher concentration on shaded side (has been broken down by
light)
Causes more growth on the shaded side/less growth on the
sunny side
6. What is the effect of the plant hormone in Q3 Inhibits the growth
on the growth of roots? [1]
Score out of /10 Red 0-3 Amber 4-7 Green 8-10
Required Practical – Seed Growth
The effect of light and/or gravity on the growth of newly germinated seedlings
1. Describe how you would investigate the 1. Put cotton wool into three petri dishes, and add the same
effect of light on growth using the equipment volume of water to each dish.
listed [7] 2. Add ten seeds to each dish and place them in a warm
Cardboard box with a hole cut out, cress place where they won’t be disturbed.
seedlings, ruler, string, cotton wool petri dishes
3. Allow the seeds to germinate, and add more water if the
 cotton wool dries out.
4. Once the seeds have germinated, ensure the petri dishes
each contain the same number of seeds, and remove any
extra seeds if necessary.
5. One petri dish will sit in a box with a hole cut out, the
second will be in a box with no hole.
6. Every day for one week, measure the height of each
seedling and record the results in a table. You must record
the height of the individual seedlings on each day.
7. Calculate the mean of the seedlings each day, and
compare the mean heights in the two different locations.

2. Why is it important to use newly germinated
seedlings? [1]
3. What is the Independent variable? [1]
4. What is the dependent variable? [1]
5. What is the control variable(s) [1]
Score out of /11
Uses of Plant Hormones
1. What is the role of gibberellins? [1]
2. How are gibberellins used in industry? [1]
3. What is the role of ethene? [1]
4. How is ethene used in industry? [1[
5. Describe how auxins used in industry [2]
Their growth is quick and stems are easy visible
Whether seedlings are in light or dark
Mean height of the seedlings/stem
Number of seedlings in the dish
How much they are spread out
Volume of water given
Temperature of the conditions.
Red 0-4 Amber 5-7 Green 8-11
causing seed germination
Brewing industry – speeds up germination of barley
Promote flowering all year around
Increase the size of fruit
Control the ripening of fruit
Allows unripened fruit to be transported without ripening.
Hormone rooting powder
Selective weedkillers

Score out of /6 Red 0-2 Amber 3-4 Green 5-6

Total Score
/90
Based upon your scores for each section and your RAG, identify the 3 areas that you need to focus on as a priority:
1. 2. 3.