Quickwrite: I think you can/ can’t control our own fate.

I think you can because

you are making your own life decisions and there are always
Can We Control Our options and sometimes if you had chosen other options you
Fate? How much control probably would’ve had a different path. I also think you can’t
do people have over because life is just mysterious and you never know where life takes
their own lives ? Is there you. I think many people have control in their own lives such as high
such a thing as destiny school students when they graduate they have a choice of what
? (Destiny: the hidden they want to do such as go to college or go to work. I’m not sure if
power believed to there is such a thing as destiny. I'm not someone who thinks about
control what will happen that exactly so I’m not sure if I believe in Destiny. But I’m going to go
in the future) with yes because it requires making choices.

What do you notice - War

about the picture? - People are Dead
- Horses/ Weapons
- Different Type Of Writing
- Spirit Animals As Part Of The Design

Objective: Today, we will analyze how the Anglo - Saxon Period influenced
people's religious, and philosophical beliefs and how beliefs
influence their story - telling/ writing.

What are the - Smart

characteristics of a - Leader
hero? - Helpful
- Honest
- Determined
- Inspirational

Anglo Saxon period The Anglo - Saxons: 449 - 1066

time frame? 300s B.C. A.D. 449 A.D. 1066
Celts in Britain Anglo-Saxon Invasion Norman Invasion
55 B.C-A.D. 409 A.D. 878
Roman Occupation King Alfred against the Danes
300 B.C. A.D. 1 A.D. 300 A.D. 600 A.D. 900 A.D 1200
A.D. 400 - 699
Spread of Christianity
A.D. Stands for anno domini, Latin for “in the year of the lord” and
refers specifically to the birth of Jesus Christ “B.C. stands for
“Before Christ”.

Celts and Britons
- When Greek Travellers visited what is now Great Britain in
the fourth century B.C. They found an island settled by tall
blond warriors who called themselves Celts.
- Among these celts was another group called the Britons
who left their permanent stamp on the island. Britain
adopted its name from these early settlers.
Roman Invasion - The british Isles, off the coat of Europe entered record
history in the writing of The Roman General - Julius Cesar
- The Celts were invaded by the Romans led by Julius Cesar
in 55 B.C. and the Celts were conquered.
- The Romans then provided security for the Celts. They
prevented serious invasions for several hundred years.

Julius Caesar? - He was a Roman politician and military general.

- He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise
of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

Roman Republic vs. - The Empire grew rapidly as they started to trade and
Roman Empire conquer land.
- The difference between the Roman Republic and The
Roman Empire was primarily one of democracy versus
outright dictatorship.

What did Romans do for - Rome controlled Britain, Spain, Africa, Gaul, Italy, Greece,
Britain? and Asia (Minor)
- The Romans helped build a network of roads (many of
which are still used today) and a great defensive wall that
spans 73 miles long.
- The Romans eventually had to leave (A.D. 409) to take care
of invasions going in Rome.
- They left Britains with roads, walls, villas, public baths, but
no central government.
- Without Roman control they were now open to attacks
again. (Roman occupations lasted from 55 B.C. to A.D. 409)

Anglo Saxon invasion - An invasions of Germanic tribes took place on the Eastern
and Southern shores of Britain
- Britons fought a series of legendary battles in an effort to
stop the invasion, but eventually they were forced to seek
refuge in Scotland.
- The Germanic tribes took over the island and divided it to
seven kingdoms
- The Area of German settlement became known as Angle -
land (England as we know it today)
- Scholars use the term ANglo - Saxon to refer to the people
and culture of this time.

The seven kingdoms - Northumbrians

- Mexicans
- East Angles
- East Saxons
- South Saxons
- West Saxons
- Kentishmen
Seafaring wanderers - The early invaders were seafaring wanders.
- Their Lives were empty, violent and short.
- Their religion was pagan (non-christian). They had a strong
belief in Wyrd (fate) to get them through battle.
- As they settled into Angle-land, they became more civilized
and less violent and relied more on agriculture.
- Late in the 6th century, they began accepting Christinity
and this made them more civilized.

Pagan vs. Christianity in The Anglo-Saxons mixed both pagan and christian traditions.
Beowulf Beowulf contains traces of both beliefs.

Pagan Christianity

● Strong nature presence ● God is mentioned by 2

● Strength of the warrior of the main characters
in the poem: Beowulf
and Hrothgar.
● Gendel as Lucifer
- Both are
outcasts
- Perform a task
for god
- Grendel is
described as a
son or
descendent of
Cain, a clear
Biblical
reference.

The spread of - Came with the spread of literacy and the introduction of the
Christianity roman alphabet.
- Before the printing press the only books were copied by
hand. (Scribed were usually monks)
- Chrisitianity replaced the old warrior religion, and thus
helped to make England more civilized.

Oral Tradition - The early Anglo-Saxons did have a writing system called
the runic alphabet, but they used it mainly for inscriptions
on coins and monuments.
- Their literature was transmitted orally. This was typically
done in mead ha;;d (pubs) where the Anglos-Saxons
gathered to eat, drink and socialize.
- Oral poets (scops) celebrated the deeds of heroic warriors
in long poems.
Scops - Scops were skilled storytellers. They were poets that sang
to the strumming of a harp.
- They were master improvisers able to compose verse in
their head. Their stories often consisted of heroic deeds.
- Their stories were not made up from scratch, however, they
drew on existing songs and legends.
- To the Anglo-Saxons creating poetry was as important as
fighting, hunting, and farming.

Importance of Beowulf - 30,000 lines of Anglo Saxon poetry still exist today.
- Only a fraction of Anglo-Saxon poetry has survived, the
most famous of these Beowulf.
- 10% of those lines are from Beowulf (3,182)

Vocabulary: Alliteration: repetition of the same first consonant sound and

occurs close together in a series. (Ex. The big boy played with his
basketball.)

Caesura: it functions like a comn (before commas were a thing).

Each line is divided into two parts by pause. Put simply, it is a
dramatic pause in the middle of a line. (Ex. Grendel gongan godes
tree bear; Grendel came, hoping to kill.)

Kenning: poetic synonyms found in Anglo Saxon Poetry. It is a

descriptive phrase that substitutes for a noun. (Ex. sin- stained
demon to describe the monster in beowulf.)

Epic: a long narrative poem that celebrates a hero's deeds. It is a

story about adventure on a grand scale. (Ex. of current epics: Star
Wars, The Lord Of The Rings)

Epic Hero: Central character in a long narrative that reflects the

value and heroic ideals of a particular society.

Hero’s Journey: The hero leaves his ordinary world for the first time
and crosses the threshold into adventures.

Archetype: an old imaginative pattern that appears across cultures

and is repeated through the ages. An archetype can be a
character, a plot or an image. (Universe symbol)

What is an archetype? A repeated pattern seen over and over in movies, books, plays, etc.
It’s like a cliche; an expression, idea, or element of an artistic work
which has become overused to the point of losing its original
meaning.

Hero’s Journey: 1. Departure: the Hero leaves the familiar word behind
2. Initiation: the Hero learns to navigate the unfamiliar world of
 adventure.
3. Return: the Hero returns to the familiar world.

( This will require research: First, write out each stage of the journey.
Then, research each stage and write out as much detail as
possible for each)

The ORDINARY WORLD: This is where the hero exists before his
present story begins, oblivious of the adventures to come. It’s his
safe place; his ordinary home.

The CALL TO ADVENTURE: The Hero’s adventure begins when he

receives a call to action. It ultimately disrupts the comfort of the
Hero’s Ordinary World and presents a challenge or quest that must
be undertaken.

REFUSAL OF THE CALL: The Hero experincessome refusal to

answer the call and turn away from the adventure, perhaps by
feelings of insecurity, obligation, or fear of the unknown.

MEETING WITH THE MENTOR: The Hero meets a guide or wise

person who offers the Hero training, knowledge, confidence,
advice, and such that will help the Hero on his journey.

CROSSING THE THRESHOLD TO THE SPECIAL WORLD: At the end

of this first part, the Departure, the Hero commits to leaving the
Ordinary World and crossing into the adventure and the Special
World. This new unknown and dangerous world contains rules the
Hero is not familiar with.

TESTS, ALLIES AND ENEMIES: The Hero explores this new and
unknown world and goes through tests and trials within this
unfamiliar setting. He learns new things and skills that will prepare
him for the Ordeal that’s to come. The Hero should not succeed at
every test, he should know what failure feels like (because this will
make him grow).

APPROACH TO ThE INNERMOST CAVE: The Hero prepares for the

major challenge in the SPecial World - together with his friends - by
facing greater challenges and more difficult obstacles.

THE ORDEAL: The Hero forces his greatest challenge yet, in the
form of Antagonist, with the knowledge and skills he has obtained
up until now. He confronts death or his deepest fear. He then
experiences death and rebirth (either literal symbolic)

THE REWARD: The Hero takes possession of the reward/ treasure

he won by facing his greatest challenge, marking his triumph over
the Antagonist. This reward/ treasure is what the Hero on the
journey to get.

THE ROAD BACK: The Hero is driven to complete the adventure by

going back to the Ordinary World with the reward/ treasure he won.

THE RESURRECTION: The Hero is once again tested on the

threshold going back to the Ordinary World (this may be brought
about by a rebounding Antagonist who must be conquered once
more). The Hero experiences a final moment of death and
resurrection that’s on a higher and more complete level than the
previous one.

RETURN WITH THE ELIXIR: The Hero returns home with some
element of the reward/ treasure that will help improve the Ordinary
world ( it can just as well be a material thing, a greater insight into
himself as a person). Usually, the elixir (the reward/ treasure) is
meant to help someone other than the Hero-what the Hero gained
on his journey will benefit others beyond himself.