(dy ~ dy) = constant Figure 2.15 2.4 Hyperbolas A hyperbola, which is shown as an intersection of a co! Figure 2.1c, is defined as follows ne and a plane in Definition 2.4 4 hyperbola is the set of points im a plane such that for each point the difference of its distances from two fixed points (the foci) is a constant (see Figure 2.15) Example 4 in Section 2.1 illustrates a direct application of Definition 24. Dipinds dengan CamSzanner1 ths acco igi, ana the fst Te the posite emstant Home 216 Figue 217 Now ftom triangle FF, ot [dS] AFI: thie it follows that a> Q and we are jes ea = 8 a postive umber) Henee, we bine Yo prove the converse, we merely perform the steps above in the onder " —_e— “ Dips dengan Carnscarer24 HyPERBOLAS " " Theorem 2.7 A hyperbola has the standard equation if and only if its center isthe origin and its foci are in the x ans (= [Rie igure 2.18). Note that as defined in the above pron @ Bole ale From which cea th Example 1 Find the coordinates of the verties and foci of he graph of, Solution From Theorem 27, the foci and hence the vertices, le in the x axis. Since a?=4, we have a=2, and the vertices are (2.0) ‘and (~2,0). Furthermore, Caos has tond Hence, = 15 and the foci ate (73.0) and (—/73.0). ‘The proof af the fllowing theorci is similar to the proof of Theorem 27 and is omited. ‘Theorem 28 A hyperbola has the standard equation “het y it and only if its center isthe origin and its foci are in the y axis (see Figure 2.186) ) Example2 Find the coordinates of the vertices and foci ofthe eraph of Sy8 = 2x? = 10. Figure 2.18 Solution First divideesch member by 10 tw obtain the standard equation Dips dengan Carnscarer0.8) a6 Cece | Figure 219) Ne, Zt Figure 220 2.8, te fi, and ence the ver pane ve ave t= fate the series ave (0, Aa) Fanhermo Hence, ew: / an the foci ae (0/33) aml (0. ~ 29) sult ehted 2529. aul 28 it ckar thatthe distnce bey, vertices 2a ence, we have that he length ofthe transverse agg ‘As shown tn Figure 21, the conupate avis of 8 typerbota ie Seqinent of eh 2 perpen 10 te tansverse aX, center as its mpi 1, in the equation fom Theorem 27, Fy From Figures 2.18 tl having "et fe teplaced wi Similar rests tow forthe equation rom Theorem 28 “hus, by the ests forsymmetry, the raps ae symmeti Wh to both the and vanes Honeve, amore general iterprestion ‘era i that w hyperbola issymmc wth respect to both its tans and conju Asymptotes Sone eas ncting hyperbola nypee. An asymp line, fst Figure 220, sch th gs pont Pon y cone bate indent arom ie orth distance om Papo "Each hyperbls tas to opis mains ah a Theorns 29 and 210, ie aie eke Soa on ‘sympots Alhough thy poo ots hacen wed eo ofthis exasugeesion fore prooedesies wh that Theor Dips dengan Carnscarerore Fipate 22a) . vote ant y w 10 If a byperbokx has an equation equations ofits asymiptotes are Central Rectangle ‘The central rectangle of a hyperbols, as show in Figure 2 rectangle of length 2a and width 2b having the vertices of the hyperbola as midpoints of two opposite sides. Using this concept, the folowing ecly from Theorems 29 and 2.10 theorem follows re oor (br Figure 2.22 Dips dengan Carnscarerwots of hyperbola Contain the iy ofthe equation phot Pape 3 Shot th 27 this hyperbola Ws Foci in the yay Pao, Solution By'Theo baa ‘To sketch the hyperbola, first locate the ve 9 = (50) and (0,0) = (5,0, and the wo points 0.8) 0, -3, Then draw the central rectangle and its diagonal lines, By Theorem 23; cranes ae the asyptois. Using the vertices and the tet fa a. {raph is asymptotic to these lines, the curve ean be sketched, 3) and @—B) w the sandard equation of 3 hyperbola wih cen, fous at (4 ifthe Length of the transverse ey, Example $ Fis "he otigin, and Setiion Since the length of the transverse ans is 20, we have m=6 or aay Sines focus is at (04 i flows from the deftition of ethat c=: Heneg, since c= @? 4 6 be PTF ei wa Ae Mist onthe nue he sundardforta omThewen? with a=3 and be /7 10 obtain, Eccentricity ‘swith an ellipse the ecenticity ofa hyperbola is defined as Dips dengan CarnscarerPrereise a6 Hower, ee aes a the praph, git ABR. the value of¢ 1s related 1g Reta a9 lip Ph, as indicated in Figone 205 © Feneral shape of i = sata Figure 2.23 Exercise 2.4 Find the standard equation ofthe hyperbola with center at the origin and ‘meeting the given conditions 1. One focus at (~$,0); one vererat(=4, 2. One focus at (0,4), one vertex at (0,2) 3. One focus at (0,8): length of conjugate axis 8 4, One focus at (—4,0); length of conjugate avis + 5. One focus a (6,0); length of transverse aus 6 One focus at(0,—7); length of wansverse ais 12 Qoone vertex at (0,8); containing (, 5.6) 8 One vertex at (3,0): containing (6.5 fength of conjugate auis 10: foc the ) 9. Length of transverse avis 12 sauis 10, Length of transverseans § wang Dini dengan Camszarneretices for the by very ie) the coordinates of the Sock Fiulcnanace ste ie SMTON 8 Given and (equations of te as) aye aii Latoya, ne-F “ 18, 25x — yt = 100 Moy? = 25x + Miscellaneous probtens dine OM 211024 hth he 0 euains of each ssn a sien, 7 MspI he manber of vel ner shy a 2st eyteg Rast +) S16 9s? — 4? = 36 Posteo Bast by eg xt sy arog 2st yee 25: fi a standard equation of hyperbola centered at the origin wit {os in the x axis passing through the point 3), siven that 20 Find a standard equation of a hypert __(9¢iin the vaxis and patsing throug bola centered at the origin wir Ph the points (2, ~5) and (10,7, 'yPerbola that has the foci oft *8, and the vertices of the elp for verti 78 Find the length of the perpendicular Segment from a focus of th hyperbola by? — gym gap = 25" Woone ofthe enn * Ermine [SFr tc rohisn tecguavon 5 ve siia(fia Dips dengan Carnscarer