Skripsi Adityarama (Edited)

CONFLICT ANALYSIS ON THE MAIN CHARACTER IN STEEL’S SILENT HONOR
By:
I MADE ADITYA RAMA JAYA

1601542063
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ARTS, NON REGULER
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2020
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
Literature includes writings that are valued as a work of art, in which many aspects of
humanity are involved. Literary works can be classified into two parts such as imaginative works
of art and non-imaginative works of art. A literary work is created based on the imagination of
the writer and it generally reflects the social condition, which uses the social surrounding as the
foundation. Both the imaginative works of art and the non-imaginative works of art can present
and describe the events that happen in our society.
According to Wellek and Waren (1962:14), imaginative works of art is the story, which is a
not factual non-factual story such as poetry, drama and prose. On the contrary, the non-
imaginative works of art, that is a factual story such as biography, history and personal letter. A
literary work is created based on the imagination of the writer and it generally reflects the social
condition, which uses the social surrounding as the foundation. Both the imaginative works of art
and the non-imaginative works of art can present and describe the events that happen in our
society. When everything that happens in our society and social life is transformed into writings,
they can give the readers entertainment as well as education.
Everything that happens in our society and social life is easily transformed into writings, in
which can give the readers entertainment as well as education. The reflection of our lives occurs
usually on the characters of the literary work itself. Literary characters offer us immediate access
to a wide range of human experiences, such as. It will be related much to the psychological,
sociological, and physiological aspect. Those three aspects are important and they form a human
being.
In literary work especially novel, thee are various kind of problems, which take place in the
daily life of human beings such as psychological conflicts as its component. The story of "Silent
Honor" by Danielle is the object of study in this library research. The character in this story have
great pressure which is influenced by psychological condition particularly in term of making
decision related to conflict and problem which occurs in the novel.
This story is very interesting to the writer to be presented as the object of study since the
researcher find out that the story carries some moral messages that could be applied in
everybody's life.
Another point of interest of choosing this story is that because the writer of the story,
namely Danielle Steel is a famous writer. As a writer, she is quite successful in bringing up the
issue that is common in human's life. In short, this story is worth reading and analyzing.
In literary work especially novel, we find various kind of problems, which take place in
the daily life of human beings. Therefore a novel includes psychological conflicts as its
component.
1.2 Problems of the Study
Based on what have been discussed in the background of the study, so the problems of the
study can be formulated as the following:
1. What kind of psychological conflicts are fced does by the main character have in the
story………..?
2. How does the main character deal with his/hers psychological conflict?
1.3 Aims of Study
The purpose of the problem study are as follows:
1. To identify of psychological conflict does the main character have.
2. To analyze the main character deal with psychological conflict.
1.4 Scope of Discussion
It is well known to academic learners that every academic research, in both field research
as well as library research needs to state its purpose to conduct the research. Based on the above
elaboration of problems, the researcher form ulates that the purpose of this study is to present an
analysis of the story, by focusing the study and discussion on the psychological condition of the
main character and to find out the moral message which is conveyed by the writer of "silent
honor"
An investigation through the story has to be carried out in order to answer the research
questions that have been formulated in the statement of research questions.
1.5 Research Method
Methodology is a method and principle of doing something. It is necessary in conducting a
scientific research because this is a procedure which is used to comprehend the object of the
discussion. In short, it is an essential element that has to be done in every academic research.
There are three points covering this section such as data source, data collection and data analysis.
These points will further be elaborated in the following sub section.
1.5.1 Data Source

Thise study used is a descriptive qualitative research, of Silent Honor is a novel which is
written by Steel and, published in 1996. The plot follows Hiroko, an eighteen-year-old who
leaves Japan to live with her uncle in California, United States, after making a difficult decision
based on her needs and her mother's beliefs. However, when Pearl Harbor is bombed, she
becomes an enemy in the American community. The book was published by Delacorte Press
This novel was chosen as the data source of this study because……………………………. .
1.5.2 Method and technique of Collecting Data
The method of collecting the data for of this research is the documentation
method,research, which is through reading the story intensively and also by taking notes in order
to know and understand the context of the story. The working procedure is divided into several
steps.
The first one is to read the novel chapter by chapter, and try to understand the content of
the story both in term of the scene and dialogues.
Then, finding out the statements that belong to intrinsic study especially the character
related to psychological aspect. FurthermoreFinally, relates ing it to the main character's
motivation, and personality, and conflict.
1.5.3 Method and technique of Analyzing Data

The data that has been collected then is analyzed and presented in descriptive qualitative
research procedure according to the theory adopted by the researcher, and in this case the data is
analyzed based on The Theory of Lliterature and Tthe Ttheory of Psychology, in order to get the
conclusionanswer the problems of the study. The order relevant on order to information from
other sources is also considered by the researcher support the analysis of the data that is found in
the story.
The step of the analysis is…………………………………………………………………
Explain……….
1.5.4 Method and technique of Presenting Data
The data was presented informally through explaining sentences.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURES, CONCEPTS
AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Review of Literature
There are three undergraduate thesis and two internal journals articles were reviewed.s,
those are : Fridayanti (2013) wrote a thesis entitled Psychological Conflict In The Novel “The
Baby Surprise” By Janelle Denison. , In this study, the writer of this thesis uses the qualitative
research was used, because it was focuseds on understanding social phenomena from the
perspective of the human participants in natural setting. While, objective approach was used in
analyzing this study, because the writer just wants to know the story of the novel related to the
topic without studying the author’s life. The result of this study are (1) the psychological conflict
that faced by Grace Holbrook was avoidance-avoidance conflict. First, when Grace met Ford
McCabe, the conflict which faced by Grace made her felt confuse to choose between Ford, the
man who she loved and her father that was not agreeing their relationship. Second, when Grace
Holbrook felt confuse with her pregnancy, it was because her father was not accept her baby to
be his grandchild, on the other hand, Grace wanted to marry with Ford because of the baby and
also because she loved him. (2) The effect of the psychological conflict that faced by Grace
Holbrook were stress and angry. First, Grace felt stress about her father and Ford. Second, Grace
felt angry at her father, because he did not want to accept his grandchild. (3) Grace Holbrook
solved the psychological conflict by two solutions.
The next undergraduate thesis was from Nisak (2014) The Role Of The Main Character’s
Psychologicsl Conflicts To The Theme Seen In Ahmad Fuadi’s The Land Of Five Towers , this
research was categorized as a library research by using documentation as the method in
collecting data. In collecting data, the researcher uses some steps such as: a) Reading The Land
of Five Towers Novel repeatedly, b) understanding the content of the novel, c) finding out the
data related to research problems, d) writing the significance note, e) organizing the data 2) The
process of data analysis are: a) Reading the novel repeatedly, b) exploring and describing the
data, c) concluding data analysis, d) interpreting the data, e) extracting the moral values. 3) The
Subject of the study was The Land of Five Towers Novel originally written by A. Fuadi then
translated by Angie Killbane. The result showed that the main character’s psychological conflicts
can be categorized into three: a) Approach-Approach-Conflict, b) Approach- Avoidance-
Conflict, c) Multiple-Approach-Avoidance-Conflict. While, the researcher chose three
psychological conflicts analyzed based on psychoanalysis theory. They are: 1) The Psychological
conflict happened because of Alif’s failure in enrolling Senior High School, Bukittinggi, 2) The
Psychological Conflict Caused by Randai’s success in enrolling Senior High School, Bukittinggi,
3) The Psychological Conflict Caused by Alif’s Strong Heart Desire to Study at Bandung
Institute of Technology. Then, the moral values conveyed trough the psychological conflicts are:
1) Bravery, 2) Sincerity, 3) Honesty, 4) Love and Affection, 5) Steadfastness, 6) Thankfulness.
The last undergraduate thesis was from Fadlila (2013) Esther Greenwood’s
Psychological Conflicts Reflected In Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar (1963): A Psychoanalytic
Criticism, After analyzing The Bell Jar novel in order to understand how the psychological
conflict is reflected, the writer concludes the result based on the 8 psychoanalytic criticism, it is
apparent that in The Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath wants to show a psychoanalytic circumstance in which
an individual encounters an inner conflict that requires resolution. The pedagogical implication
of this study is that unresolved psychological conflicts may lead to aggression. The conflicts are
caused by her neurotic. The necessity of value causes the breach between Esther’s and other
person; make her different. So, she has to adapt with a normal life by passing some medical
treatments in hospitals; Dr. Gordon’s Private Hospital, Caplan Private Hospital and Belsize
Private Hospital.
International journal take from wiley online library From Intractable Conflict Through
Conflict Resolution To Reconciliation: Psychological Analysis, Intractable intergroup conflicts
require the formation of a conflictive ethos that enables a society to adapt to the conflict
situation, survive the stressful period, and struggle successfully with the adversary. The formal
termination of such a conflict begins with the elimination of the perceived incompatibility
between the opposing parties through negotiation by their representatives—that is, a conflict
resolution process. But this is only part of the long‐term reconciliation process, which requires
the formation of peaceful relations based on mutual trust and acceptance, cooperation, and
consideration of mutual needs. The psychological aspect of reconciliation requires a change in
the conflictive ethos, especially with respect to societal beliefs about group goals, about the
adversary group, about the ingroup, about intergroup relations, and about the nature of peace. In
essence, psychological reconciliation requires the formation of an ethos of peace, but this is
extremely difficult in cases of intractable conflict. Political psychologists can and should work to
improve the state of knowledge about reconciliation,which until now has received much less
attention than conflict resolution.
The second international journal taken from sage journals , American behavioral
scientist ,socio psychological foundations of intractable conflicts The article presents a
conceptual framework that concerns the sociopsychological foundation and dynamics of
intractable conflict. First, it defines and characterizes the nature of intractable conflict, and then
it describes how societies involved in this reality adapt to the conditions of intractable conflict.
This adaptation meets three fundamental challenges: satisfying the needs of the society members,
coping with stress, and withstanding the rival. In trying to confront them successfully, societies
develop appropriate sociopsychological infrastructure, which includes collective memory, ethos
of conflict, and collective emotional orientations. This infrastructure fulfills important individual
and collective level functions, including the important role of formation, maintenance, and
strengthening of a social identity that reflects this conflict. Special attempts are made to
disseminate this infrastructure via societal channels of communication and institutionalize it. The
evolved sociopsychological infrastructure becomes a prism through which society members
construe their reality, collect new information, interpret their experiences, and make decisions
about their course of action. This infrastructure becomes hegemonic, rigid, and resistant to
change as long as the intractable conflict continues. It ends up serving as a major factor fueling
the continuation of the conflict, thus becoming part of a vicious cycle of intractable conflict.
2.2 Concepts
There are four concepts that was explained are concept of literature, concept of character ,
concept of conflict and concept of psychology.
2.2.1 The Concept of Literature

Literature is a kind of art, not science, because in literature, many aspect of humanity are
involved, and it usually reflects human aspiration as on the great creativity and universal means
of communication (Wellek and& Warren, (1955: 3). Kenney (1966: 102) provideds that two
major prose fiction, is as follows: novel and short story.
Short story is fictional works that usually written in prose, and often in a narrative format.
The length of a good short story is an important part of the narrative prose fiction in which
characters and situations that are typical of real life depicted within the frame of a plot.
Novel is generally regarded as containing about 45,000 words or more. Length novel
allows expansive in space and time. Therefore, the main in the community has become a
favourite subject novelist. Society has both spatial and temporal aspect. A society is obviously
related to place, but one is in society changes and develops with time. The novel achieves unity
by inclusion. Author put as much life as he can control by theme (Kenney, 1966: 105-106). The
elements of a novel can be divided into two:
1. The Intrinsic Elements of Novel

The intrinsic elements in a novel are element that directly contribute build the story. The
intrinsic elements are theme, setting, character, plot, point of view, style and tone, and structure
and technique.
a. Theme
In literature the theme of work is seldom stated directly. It is an abstract concept indirectly
expressed through recurrent images, actions, character and symbol. Theme differs from subject
(the topic or thing described in a work) in that theme is comment, observation, or insight about
the subject.
b. Setting
Kenney (1966: 38) states that setting refers to the point in time and space at which the
events of the plot occur. Settings are important. It symbolizes the emotional state of character.
When the rule of experiences is within the reach of the world appearance, time and places
both makes and keeps the characters real, it animate them so much that it enliven the story.
There are two type of setting (Kenney, 1966:38-40):
-Neutral setting
Neutral setting is more than the reflection of the truth that things have to happen
somewhere. It is the additional information that will not change the meaning of the story if the
readers imagine it happens in different places and time.
-Spiritual setting
Spiritual setting is that writers try to convey to the reader that the story will not change if it
happens somewhere else. Based on its function there are two function of setting there are:
-Setting as metaphor
This is generally used to express certain dimension of the character.
-Setting as atmosphere
Setting express the external state, a bright sunlight creates a cheerful atmosphere.
c. Character
According to Kenney (1966:24-25) the character are expected to be natural or life alike.
Human being can live freely but the fictional character is never entirely free because it is a part
of an artistic whole and must always serve the needs of that whole. In other words, character are
the imaginary people that writer creates, sometimes identifying with them, sometimes judging
them. Character in the novel or any kind of literature can be recognized through connections or
clues of their function and significant in the story. It is governed and limited by the plot.
d. Plot
Di Yanni (1994: 2) states that plot is the sequence of event in the story which is artistically
arranged by the author. An effective plot must include the sequence of incident that correlates
each other, causability is an important feature of realistic fictional plot. It simply means that one
thing happens because of the result of something else.
Plot makes us aware of events, not merely as elements in temporal series but also as a
complex shape of cause and effect (Kenney, 1966: 13-14).
The elements of plot structure are divided as beginning, middle, and end. It is begin with
an exposition, the opening portion that sets the scene to introduce the main character, tell about
what happened before the story opened, and provide any other background information that are
needed in order to understand and care about the events to follow. These plot develop series of
complication that leads to the moment of great tension. The conflict may reach climax, then the
action fall into the resolution. Or in short we can describe the structure of plot in term of
beginning takes us from exposition to the initial statement of conflict; the middle, from conflict
through complication to climax; and the end from climax to resolution. In forming the particular
plot of story, the writer may be expected to follow certain laws (Keeney, 1966: 19). They are as
the following details:
-Plausibility
Plot in a story should be plausible. A story is plausible when it is reasonable and related to
the reality.
-Surprise
A good plot in the story must perform a believable surprise to reader. The readers want to
be surprised, but then they want to be satisfied that the surprise does not violate the basic law
of the plausibility.
-Suspense
A third law governing plot is that a good plot brings up suspense. By suspense we mean an
expectant uncertainty as to the outcome of the story True suspense is more than a matter of
not knowing how thing will turn out. A conclusive device to suspense is foreshadowing. By
this we mean introducing details which the direction of the story is going to take.
e. Point of View
Point of view is sometimes called narrative perspective. There are two general narrative
points of view, first person (I) and the third person (he, she, they). When the story is told from
the inside it means a story is told by one of the participants, it is called the first person narration
as the narrator naturally uses the first personal pronoun "I" in referring to himself. When the
story is told from the outside, and usually nameless narrator, who is actually the author of the
fiction work, it is called a third person narration as the narrator refers to the character in the third
person (Kenney, 1966: 48 ).
Further Kenney states that this apparently superficial distinction may have significant
implications. Basic distinction is that between omniscient and limited narration (1966: 49).
The omniscient narrator knows simply everything. He can at will enter the mind of any
character and tell the reader directly what the character is thinking, and who is able anywhere at
anytime. The omniscient technique is essentially a third person technique. Omniscient narration
is the most natural form, it may be for many writers the most comfortable form. However, the
omniscient technique is not always the most desirable technique, because in this technique the
narrator tells as much as he likes. It makes the context of the story becomes incoherence.
f. Style and Tone
Every literary work possesses the quality of style and tone. Style is the verbal texture of
literature. In short, everything the author does with word, including his way of arranging words
into such larger units as sentences. For purposes of simplification consider this topic under three
headings: diction, imagery, and syntax (Kenney, 1966: 60). Diction is the author's choice of
words: imagery is the pictorial quality of a literary work achieved through a collection of image;
syntax is the arrangement and grammatical relation of words, phrases, clauses and sentences.
According to Kenney (1966: 69) tone is the expression of attitudes. In spoken language,
the intonation of voice can reveal the tone and suggest the attitude. In written language,
including the language of fiction, tone is that quality, primarily a quality of style that reveals the
attitudes of the author toward his subject and toward his audience.
g. Structure and Technique

There are three elements of structure and technique in writing a fiction such as description,
narrative technique, and dialogue (Kenney, 1966: 74-75).
Description refers to the direct presentation of the qualities of the person, place, or thing.
Effective description is not merely a matter of the writer's including all he can thing of. Rather
the writer must select those details most appropriate to his purpose and arrange this detail to
insure that his purpose is fulfilled.
Narrative technique is the ways of telling story. There are the panoramic and the scenic
technique. The scenic resembles in its manner of presentation a scene from a play or movie. The
essence of the scenic is its presentation of moment by moment action, often involving dialogue.
The reader is close to the particulars of action, in both a spatial and temporal sense. The
writer chooses the scenic, because of its concreteness of the presentation. The panorama on the
contrary is used due to its contribution to economy, it tells more details in shorter time (Kenney,
1966:80).
A fiction work generally contains both technique with the scenic usually used for
presenting moments of crucial importance and the panorama for material of secondary
importance.
Dialogue is a means of satisfying the reader demand for concreteness. Although

description can tell us a great deal about how a characters and sounds, the best way to find out
how a character sounds is to listen to him talk. This technique can be an important means of
reveling character, emotional tension, and conveying information to the reader.
As to limited narration, the limited narrator is one that does not know everything. He or she
may appear both in stories told from inside and outside.
A protagonist can be the narrator, telling his own story in the first person. As he or she has
point of view, the story is told from particular point of view. With the third person limited
narration., the narrator can be the main character or the minor character.
Another technique which is called the objective point of view is not permitted to know
directly the thought of any characters. He or she can observe only what become external in word
and action.
This technique is sometime refers to the objective point of view. The basic points of view
are the omniscient and the limited. Now these different points of view may appear in
combination in same story. At another moment, the narrator will be present a scene to us from
the point of view of one of the character and will therefore employ third person limited narration
(Kenney, 1966: 54).
2. The Extrinsic Aspects of Novel

There are some external points are discussed in study of literature. But
setting and environment are more often discussed. Sometimes, the extrinsic study only connects
the literature to the social context and the previous growth. In most cases, it becomes a causal
explanation, professing to account for literature, to explain it, and finally to reduce to its origins
(Wellek and Warren, 1977:73).
Yet, it is clear that causal study can never dispose of problems of description, analysis, and
evaluation of an object such as work of literary art. Cause and effect are incommensurate: the
concrete result of these extrinsic causes-the work of art-is always unpredictable (Wellek and
Warren, 1977:73).
There are several opinions about extrinsic factors influencing literary work such as
biography, psychological, social life, causal explanation of literature, especially in collective
creations like the other, and some of the classical spirit of the time.
a. Literature and Biography

Biography is only regarded that it is valuable if it gives any contribution to the making of
literary works. From a biography, we will not only know the genius, moral, intellectual and
emotional development of a man. Furthermore, we may learn the psychology condition and his
creative process.
It is necessary to distinguish these three point of views. First, biography tells the student
about the making of a literary works. Second, biography shifts the subject matter of the study to
the works of an author. Third, biography is supposed to be a science of future science, the
psychology of artistic creation.
The biographical method has some weakness. The biographical approach forgets that a
work of art is not simply the embodiment of experience but always the latest work in a series of
such works; it is in drama, a novel, a poem determined, so far as it is determined at all, by
literary tradition and conventions. The biographical approach actually obscures a proper
comprehension of the literary process, since it breaks up the order of literary tradition to
substitute the life-circle of an individual (Wellek and Warren, 1977:78).
The biographical approach ignores also quite simple psychology facts. A work of art may
be the mask, the anti-self behind which his real person is hiding, or it may be a picture of the life
from which the author wants to escape (Wellek and Warren, 1977:78). Simply we can sum up
that there is a parallelism between the author and the characters in his works.
b. Literature and Psychology

There are four possible definitions about psychology of literature; psychological study of
the writer, as type and as individual, or the study of the creative process, or the study of the
psychological types and laws present within works of literature, or, finally, the effects of
literature upon its readers (audience psychology) (Wellek and Warren, 1977:81).
Psychological study affects the imagination of the writer. We are all storytellers, as we
relate our histories, our daily experiences, our hopes and dreams, in ways that inspire or weaken
us. Our stories have the potential to empower and guide us. Since stories are created in the brain
and are heard, read, or viewed by the brain, it is possible that there are biological laws for how
they are organized and expressed. Exciting psychological research has provided insights into our
universal and unique ways of creating characters and plots.
The writer’s creative process is the scope of psychologists’ investigative curiosity.

Psychology, can explain about the creative process. A study of revisions, corrections, and the
like has more which is literary profitable, since, well used, it may help us perceive critically
relevant fissures, inconsistencies, turnings, distortions, in a work of art (Wellek and Warren,
1977:91).
The knowledge of psychological truth is needed, sometimes. But it is not too necessary for
art because psychological truth does not have any artistic value. For some conscious artists,
psychology may have tightened their sense of reality, sharpened their powers of observation or
allowed them to fall into hitherto undiscovered patterns. But, in itself, psychology is only
preparatory to the act of creation; and in the work itself, psychological truth is an artistic value
only if it enhances coherence and complexity-if, in short, it is an art (Wellek and Warren,
1977:93).
2.2.2 Concept of Character
Character is one of the most important elements of the short story. The most significant
way of presenting character in a story is through action.
The figures who participate in the actions or the people who play a role in a story are
defined as character. Although sometime the characters are not totally human, but mostly it is a
human that usually could be recognized. The main character of the story, human personalities are
familiar. If the story seem true to life" it generally find that its character act in a reasonably
consistent manner and the author has provided them with motivation: sufficient reason to behave
as they do. Therefore fictional characters alive while they are read (Kennedy, 1991:77).
According to Kenney (1966:26) character in fiction must posses the relationship between
character and other elements of the story as a whole. Character must be considered as part of the
story's internal structure. He also divides character into the following:
- Simple (flat) Character

This character is less in the presentation of a human personality and represent a
single attitude or obsession in a character.
- Complex (round) Character
This type of character more life than the simple one because in life people are not
simple embodiments of single attitude.
There are five points as consideration in preparing a character sketch such as the
following detail:
- What the person says
- What the person does
- What others say about the person
- What others do to the person
- What the person looks like, faces, body, and clothes
2.2.3 Concept of Conflict

All of us tend to think of a story in terms of problem and solution, conflict and response,
tension and resolution, question and answer, as well as mystery and revelation. Warren (1962:35)
states that there are some types of conflict in which he is categorized into two major classes such
as internal and external conflict. The internal conflict is a kind of conflict which is deal all with
himself perhaps for an idea, decision, feeling and others. And on the other side, the external
conflict covers the conflict between the character and another character, character and society as
well as character and environment. The conflict between characters is common in life since this
happens due to various distinctions that both characters possess. The conflict between character
and society commonly occur because of laws and sometime of cultural causes while the conflict
between character and environment rises up to some disagreement with the nature.
In short, we may argue that those disagreement and distinction usually gives
psychological effect to the person or character. And tThe effecet will create unpleasant feeling
which sometimes comes up to some strange actions as the representation of the conflict.
2.2.4 The Concept of Psychology

According to Warren and Wellek (1966), the psychology of Literature can be meant as
many things, such as; the psychological study of the writer, as a type and as an individual, the
study of the creative process, a subdivision of the psychology of art, the study of the
psychological types and laws present within works of literature and the effects of literature upon
its readers (audience psychology related to Literature and Society).
Psychological aspect includes the psychological background such as attitude, feeling, and
ambition. Psychology is much related to human life and analyzing the chapter roles. Psychology
can defined as the scientific study of the activities of individuals. The subject matter is the same
as has engaged the mind of man ever since he began to think I about himself, but the methods are
different (Bernhardt, 1953:3-4).
2.3 Theoretical Framework
A scientific investigation should be conducted on the basis of some relevant theories. The
present investigation is based on the following theoretical framework:
- Theory of Literature
- Theory of Psychology
2.3.1 Theory of Literature

Literature is such writing considered as having permanent value, excellence of form and
great emotional effect. Literature is an art not a science because in literature many aspects of
humanity are involved, especially feeling. A good literature should entertain and educate.
Entertaining means that a good literature will provide something that makes the readers satisfied,
and educating means that a good literature will provide the readers with new knowledge. Prose is
a literary work as well as a poetry and drama. Prose can be divided into fiction and non fiction.
Fiction is the story which is not factual, and non fiction is the story which is factual. In term of
the type and organization there are three types of fiction such as short story, novel, and novelette.
Short story is a story which is supposed to be read in one sitting. It is normally ranging in length
from one thousand to fifteen thousand words. Novel is a story of someone's life and generally
containing about forty five thousand words or more.
Fiction story and generally containing about fifteen thousands to forty-five thousands
words are commonly called novelette (Kenney, 1966: 103).
2.3.2 Theory of Psychology

Doing analysis on the character, understanding on both aspects of characterization and aspect
of psychology is important. Intrinsically, psychology is related to the psychological background
of the character in the story. And extrinsically it is related to the authorship factors and the
creative process.
According to Wellek and Warren (1973:81), psychology of literature is considered as the
study of the creative process as well as the study of the psychological type and laws present
within work of literature, or the effects of literature upon its readers that we call audience
psychology. Some definitions of the term psychology are given as follows
- According to Berenhardt (1953:4), psychology is the scientific study of the activities
of individual. It is to discover what particular condition producesa given type of
activities, so that eventually psychologist will be able to control tion. and direct
human activities by controlling this condition.
- Sartain (1958:3) states that psychology concerns with what make people behave as
the way they do. Thus the psychologist are interested in such topics learning,
emotion, intelligent, heredity and differences between as individuals, the nature and
the development of personality.
- Hornby in The Oxford Advance Learner's Dictionary states that psychology means
science or study of the mind and how it function (1995: 1007).
Furthermore, explaining about the theory of psychology below perhaps can support the
analysis on the psychological aspects of the main character.
2.3.2.1 Psychological Aspect of the Character

Many factors can cause the changing and development of personal ity. Carson in Pratiwi
(2006:17) states more than any other human characteristic, a mental capacity unites is influenced
by heredity and environment in a most intimate and detailed way. Then he adds that almost every
action and behavior pattern in an adult is environmentally specified in the sense that experiences
with the environment play a role in determining it. But if the instrument, on which the recording
was made, distorted the original experience, future action with regard to previous experience
may be curious, unpredictably confused, fearful, and antisocial According to Berenhardt (1953:
32), all development on both heredity and environment, some features of this development
depend directly on heredity factors then environment. The color of the eyes and the degree of
general intelligence of the individual are determined largely by heredity. In short, we say that
heredity influence the psychological aspects of persons.
However what are called personality, character and temperament or psychological aspects are
more than the result of environment influence. Meanwhile, Sartain, at all (1958), purpose that all
behaviors, the social, the psychological, and physical are product of the interaction of heredity
and environment in the elaboration of character and that influence in any way our behavior,
growth, and life process except the genes.
The composition of our environment can be divided into three parts such as external
environment, internal environment and social environment.
- External environment
Some elements that make up our external environment such as: house, trees, air and
nature in our surrounding. It influences us and determine our behavior through our
sensory organ.
- Internal environment
All the food that we eat as a part of our external environment merely influences our
psychological factors in our character.
- Social environment
The psychologist generally recognizes our social environment to be extremely
important in shaping our individual behavior and personality, In using the word 'social'
we mean to include all the other human being who influences us. Some people
influence us directly, daily contact with our family, our friends, our school and
business etc. Other people have influence. through indirect contact over radio and
television, in book and other publications, in many other ways.
2.3.2.2 The Human Motivation

According to Berenhardt (1958: 45) there is reason for everything that we do. All human
activity has some causes. It is often difficult to find this cause or to decide which of the
thousands possible influences determine any particular action. Our knowledge of human activity
will have to advance considerably before the aim of psychology is attained, to be able to predict
what particular respons wh follow a particular motivation. At present we can do this only in
general term.
To be able to predict what success an individual will achieve in life or m occupation, we

need to understand his abilities, his past experiences, and his motivation. To be able to predict
what a person will do in any given situation, we need to understand his habits, his natural
condition, and what happen to at that time. It is very necessary to know something about the kind
of influences that effect and direct human activity.
In general, everybody does what is done at any particular moment. The problem in
motivation is two fold; (1) to outline the kind of influences that direct activities; (2) try to
determine which of these influences our action in given situation. This is not easy. All casual
relations in human activity are rather obscure and it is hardly ever possible to carry our research
to the final conclusion in particular cases, but it is possible to outline some of the basic reasons
for human conduct.
Human beings have few ready made forms of behavior, and few instincts Rather we find
that almost all human actviues are flexible to any modification or change during the life time of
individual. All human activities are subject of
learning. This learning itself has a cause or motivated by something. Such factors are as
appetites, wants, emotion; etc seems to be the driving motives. Therefore, these above need to be
described.
- Appetites
Man is so complex that he requires certain things in order to keep living. These needs make
themselves felt in such a way as to initiate activity thát wih eventually satisfy them.
He needs air to breath, food to eat, liquid to drink, rest from activity, sleep, a changing
environment, the elimination of waste products, and sexual expression. These are all basic
natural needs periodic or continual satisfaction. They are motives or directing influences,
because they initiate and sustain activity and also direct that activity finally ends in satisfaction
of the self need. It is called appetites (Berenhardt, 1958: 46).
- Wants
Each individual acquires his own unique set of personal wants in this foundation of
universal need. For instance, although all people are alike in that they need food, yet all differ in
the detail of their food wants. Someone may acquire likes and dislikes for specific food that is
different from the food preferences of all other people.
Once a want has been acquired, it functions like a need, and the individual cannot be happy
unless he finds some way to satisfy it. However, wants are modified through experience and
present a changing shape in the development of the person from infancy to adulthood and to old
age.
- Emotion as Motives
It is necessary in this time to indicate how emotional experiences direct activity. When
there is influence of the fear, a person may do many things that he would not do normally. That
fear motivates human behavior it has long been recognized since parents have often used fear to
direct the conduct of their children. The state, the church and other organization from time to
time used fear to product a desired from behavior.
Anger motivates individual to fight, to attack, and to say things that would beneath their
dignity if they were not dominated by emotion. Besides, the intense emotion of fear and anger,
the milder forms are sentiments and moods that dictate the course of action to be followed by the
individual (Berenhardt, 1953: 52).
-Feelings and Attitudes

He evaluates every experience that the individual has and every activity in which human
categorized as being pleasant or unpleasant. There is a feeling tone scale ranging from extreme
pleasantness to extremely unpleasantness, and every experience can be located somewhere on his
scale.
When an experience is evaluated as pleasant one, the individual has an attitude of approach
to that experience that is he tends to repeat the activity.
When he evaluates the experience as the unpleasant one, he tends to discontinue that experience
and to avoid it in the future. Therefore, the ever present feeling tones of pleasantness or
unpleasantness, with his complementary attitudes of approach is important to human needs
(Berenhardt, 1953).
- Social Motives
Man is predominantly a social being This social existence has produce in man certain
characterization attitudes or tendencies, Whether it is due to inborin nature, trained into us by
social custom and education, there is a universal tendency to struggle to be better and to succeed,
to win out ahead of others, or to overcome obstacle or difficulty. This tendency called self
assertion , and can be traced through great many activities of the individual. Obstruction is met
with increased activity, difficulties call for more energy, and project must be carried through a
successful completion, or success must be achieved for its own sake.
Tendency present in human beings to submit, to give in, and to be dependent to other
authorities. This tendency is called self submission. A force submission to others is common
enough but hardly pleasant and it is not what we meant by self submission. There is a submission
that is satisfying.
There are situations that are obviously beyond our own power to scope with, and in this
situation submission is to one person, or to some ideas, or to some system of religion or to the
laws of society seem to be the natural and satisfying course.
The child is submissive to the adult. The adult is submissive to the wiser or more
influential person or to groups of Individual or to the representative of constituted authority.
A standard of mental health is a proper balance between these self tendencies. There are
occasion when self assertion is called for, and there are also situations when the individual's
interests are the best served by submission. Social intercourse is possible only on the basis of
given and is the one who at times is assertive and at another time is submissive (Berenhardt,
1953: 54-55).
- Feelings and Emotions

Every activity and experience of individual has coloring of feelings. Life would be very
depressing and uninteresting if we are not changing feeling tone. From a purely objective point
of you, it makes no different how individual feels, as long as he goes through the necessary
motion, but for the individual himself it matters a great deal how feels about what he is doing.
He evaluates experience in term of his feelings, and these feelings determine to the extent
of occurrence and repetition of activity.
Before we can have a complete picture of individual's activity, we need to consider this
aspect of all activity as the background of feelings. There are occasions when the individual
experiences some down of the feeling, when he is emotionally disturbed, and this feature also
claims some of our attention (Berenhardt, 1953: 96).
Characteristic of Feeling
The coloring feeling of any activity is not fixed or regular feature of that activity. A certain
activity may be very pleasant at one time, while the same activity may just the opposite coloring
on another occasion. Feeling accompany all activity and are not separate experiences. The
duration of on experience modifies its feeling tone so that, if a pleasant experience is continued
for any length of time, it may change into an unpleasant experience. Feelings influence action,
the feelings of pleasantness are accompanied by an attitude of approach, and the feeling of
unpleasantness by an attitude of withdrawal. We characteristically approach, try to sustain or
repeat a pleasant experience or activity, and try to avoid an unpleasant experience
(Berenhardt,1953:96-98).
Characteristic of Emotion
If the people are in the emergency situation, they fight or do nothing at all. It depends on
circumstances. The same kind of emergency may cause the individual angry and fight at one
time, while at another time he will be afraid and ran away and do nothing (Berenhardt,1953: 99).
Anger and fear are two common forms of emotional adjustment that normally occur only
in real emergencies but that may become habitual form of adjustment and occur in all kind of
situations. Fear is the most powerful motive. It has driven man to escape its consequences.
Anger as response to obstacle is also a means of overcoming them, but the difficulty is that
the anger response is sometime so violent and unorganized that the result may be disastrous.
Anger has more then one form of expression. It may be expressed in more subtle ways,
indirect and subtle ways of expressing anger are limited only by the ingenuity of individual.
Anger may be aroused and expressed in a great variety of ways. Like anger, fear may have
various expressions. It does not always produce fight. It may lead the individual to avoid
dangerous situation or to take a more cautious and alert attitude on such occasions. Fear may
produce a compete paralysis of all action so that the individual will be incapable of doing
anyumno but scream with terror or faint (Bernhardt, 1953: 99-104).
- Development of Personality
The term of personality, according to Sartain at all (1958) refers to a person's tendencies to
act or to think in a certain way. These tendencies are organized in a dynamic system, which
unique and different from each individual. Personality is distinguished from the self in that it
refers to characteristic, motives, and reactions actually possessed or shown by a person, whereas
the self represents the individual as he thinks and feels he is.
This is part of personality. There are many other aspects of personality such as:
intelligence, health, knowledge, skills, values, and emotional control.
The outstanding characteristic of man is his individuality. He is a unique creation of the

forces of nature. Personality is defined as the dynamic organization within the individual of those
psychological systems that determine his unique adjustment to his environment.
One of the obvious personalities is that it is constantly changing and developing. This is
especially noticeable during the period of infancy, childhood, adolescence. Through learning,
one develops greater skill in dealing with frustration and anxieties. According to Freud the
changes in the person are the result of five major conditions such as: maturation, painful
excitations resulting from the external frustration, painful excitations arising from internal
conflicts, personal inadequacies and anxiety.
Maturation consists of innately controlled sequences of development process. Perception,
memory, learning, judgment, and thought are influenced by the maturation on the central nervous
system and the instincts. Maturation and learning go hand in hand in the development of
personality.
The external frustration is anything that prevents a painful of uncomfortable extinction. In

other words, a frustration is something that stands in the way of the operation of the pleasure
principle.
The person may be frustrated because the necessary main object is not being found in the
environment, and it is called privation.
Or the object may be present but it is taken away from the person who wants it, and it is
called deprivation.
A state of extreme poverty is classified as external frustration because they reside in the
environment. Frustration may also be due to something within the person. There may be an
opposing force, which prevent the person from obtaining the satisfaction, and it is called a
conflict. Or the person may lack the necessary skill, understanding, intelligence, or experience to
make satisfactory adjustment. These weakness or limitations within the person are called
personal inadequacies.
Finally, frustration may be due to fear. The person is afraid to go after the things that he
wants. The fear may be lcal or moral, or some combination of this and it is called anxiety.
- Understanding of Inferiority Feeling

Person faces some difficulties in maintaining his individual personality, which result in
inferiority feelings. According to Adler there are two types of inferiority feelings such as: the
normal inferiority feeling and abnormal inferiority feeling. First, the normal inferiority feeling
includes:
1. The generic considerations, which means a less satisfactory at the beginning of every
psychological life.
2. The dynamic considerable where inferiority feeling dominates the psychology life and
can easily be understood from the constant effort and struggle of man.
Inferior feelings are not in themselves abnormal. They are the causes of all improvement in
the position of man. Second, the abnormal inferiority feeling is when children are born within
inferior organs experience at their bodies and it paints and weaknesses as burdens. They are
much more than normal children, develop inferiority feeling, strive to compensate these lack to
arrive at a goal in which they foresee and presume a feeling of superiority (Freud, 1956: 117).
Inferiority of feeling is the condition when the sufferer feels habitual uncertainty or fear in
the face of those situations that threaten to reveal to himself and others his own weakness. And it
is the strong and persistent tension arising from a somewhat morbid emotion attitude toward
one/s failure to effect a satisfactory direct adjustment to his environment (Adler, 1956: 174).
Since the feeling of inferiority is generally regarded as a sign of weakness and as

something shameful, there is naturally a strong tendency to conceal it Moreover Adler (1956:
175) states that everybody possesses some feeling of inferiority in relation to the world around
him, and this feeling plays an important part in determining his behavior. The ordinal position of
individual in his family can be judged as a factor, which determines the inferiority feeling. The
feeling arises in children when they naturally feel weak in relation to the outside world.
His action determines for him by his parents often make him do many things he would
rather not do. The same feeling persists after the children have grown up, and they feel
insignificant and unimportant in the face of society, tradition and convention.
CHAPTER III
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN “SILENT HONOR”
This chapter is about analysis of the problem stated on the background of this study. This
chapter the biography of Danielle Steel as the author of the Silent Honor that is taken from the
internet, the synopsis of Silent Honor, and the analysis of the intrinsic element of novel, hence
these are related to the main analysis of the character based on the psychological aspect.
3.1 The Biography of Danielle Steel
Danielle Steel is a novelist. She was born on August 14, 1947 in New York City. Her father
is Jhon Scholein Steel and her mother is Norma da Camara Stone Reis. Steel spent much of her
childhood in France. From an early age she was included in her parents' dinner parties. It was
giving her an opportunity to observe the habits of the wealthy and famous people. Her parents
divorced when she was seven years old and she was raised by her father in New York. Steel
started writing stories since a child and before she became a novelist, she studied literature and
fashion design at Parsons School of Design in 1963. Danielle Steel married for five times. Her
first married in 1965. She got marriage when she was eighteen years old with a banker namely
"Eric Lazard". After nine years of marriage, Steel's relationship with Lazard ended. Shortly,
before their divorce was finalized, her first novel "Going Home" was published.
Steel married again with “Dany Zugelder", but the marriage ended quickly, One year after
her divorce with Zugelder, Steel married her third husband namely "William Torth", and this
marriage ended within two years.
Still optimistic about finding love, Steel married for the fourth time in 1981 with "John
Triana", but the same thing happened anymore. In 1993 Steel broke up her marriage to Triana.
After her divorce with John Triana, Steel used her experience to write "Malice". That novel
talked about a happy marriage which was destroyed when the tabloids exposed the wife's past
secret .In 1997, Danielle Steel married for a fifth time with "Tom Perkins", but the marriage
lasted less than two years. It ended in 1999.
Despite her as a public figure, Steel is known as a shy person. She rarely disposed to
interview or appearance in public. Because of that she desires to protect her children from the
tabloids.
Danielle steel is a prolific author. She often releases several novels per year. Each novel
takes two years to complete. Steel has developed an ability to juggle up to five projects at once,
researching one book while outlining another, then writing and editing additional books.
Steel's novels such as: Going Home, Passion's Promise, Now and Forever, The Promise,
Golden Moments, Season of Passion, Summer's End, The Ring, Palomino, To Love Again,
Remembrance, Once in A Life Time, A Perfect Stranger, Changes, Full Circle, Family Album,
Star, Daddy, Jewels, loving, Silent Honor and Mixed Blessing. Almost all of her novels reached
the best seller list in New York Times.

3.2 The Synopsis of Silent Honor
After presenting the autobiography of the researcher, it is necessary to present the summary
of the work of the writer, before starting on the discussion of the literary work in more detailed
analysis.
Silent honor story tells us about a Japanese college professor of Kyoto called "Masao
Takashimaya". He had a modern idea that was as strong as his wife's belief in Japanese ancient
tradition. Masao was an intelligent man, had integrity and also honorable in all the ways, but on
the other hand his wife "Hidemi" had traditional ideas and very old-fashioned.
Their daughter "Hiroko" had the same attitude with her mother. Unlike Masao with all of his
modern ideas, Hiroko was naturally old fashioned girl. She took great comfort in it and had a
genuine fondness for all the old ways and tradition. But when she was eighteen years old her
father sent her to California for an education. Actually, she did not like to go there, but to make
her father proud she did it. To Hiroko California was a different world. Her cousin in California
looks more American than Japanese. And much to Hiroko's surprise Peter Jenkins, her uncle
assistant felt in love with her and she felt the same thing he did. In California Hiroko continued
her study at St Andrew's college. Unfortunately for Hiroko, all people at school did not like her,
because they were against oriental. In their mind, Japanese were all servant and far beneath them.
At college her days was filled with prejudice, but Hiroko faced it quietly and bravely.
On December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese. War was declared and
suddenly Hiroko had become an enemy in a foreign land. She decided to go home but her father
asked her to keep stay there. He believed that she would be safe in California than at home.
On February 19, 1942, Executive Order 9066 was signed by President Roosevelt. He gave
the military the power to remove the Japanese from their community. People were forced to
abandon their homes, their business, and their freedom. Hiroko was asked by the dean of student
to leave school. Takeo and his family were given ten days to sell their house, give up their jobs,
and report to a relocation centre, along with thousand of other Japanese.
Hiroko and her uncle's family go first to Tanforan. When they arrived at Tanforan they met
with thousand of Japanese. The situation there was very noisy. The young men looked really
angry, the children cried, but the most part of the people were just trying to get on with living.
After living in Tanforan for five months, the military removed them to Tule Lake. The situation
at Tule Lake was better than in Tanforan. At least the detentions lived in closed room, not in
horse stall like in Tanforan. The guards were decent to them. The old people sat around and
talked about their past time, and the children played together. It was incredible that in the terrible
time, the people here were determined not to complaint, and try to make the situation pleasant.
In 1945 President Roosevelt had signed “a decree and major general Pratt had authorize
public proclamation number 21" which restored the right of the evacuees to return to their homes
and they could go whenever they wanted. And for Hiroko, because she had signed the loyalty
oath, she would be free to go to0. despite her alien status. The war had finished and Hiroko back
to Japan to meet her parents, but both of her parents had been killed in the bombing, along with
several friends, some relatives and all their neighbors. Hiroko could do nothing. She just
submitted her fate to the God. Fortunately for her, Peter Jenkins came afterward to Japan and
they lived together happily ever after.
In short, this story creates a portrait of human tragedy and strength, love and loyalties and
also the remarkable courage of a people whose honor and dignity transcended the chaos that
surrounded them.
3.3 Character of the Story
Characters in the story are expected to be more natural or life like. Human beings are free but
the plot and the part of artistic value limit characters in a short story. It can give psychological
impression to the readers, as it can be taken as of our consciousness in our real life. This story
gives a description of how a girl shows her respect to her parents and her great efforts to keep
maintain her honor and dignity in a foreign land. The analysis of the main character "Hiroko"
will be supported by the analysis of the other characters included in the story namely: Masao
Takashimaya, Hidemi, Yuji, Takeo, Reiko, Peter Jenkins, Sally, Tami, Tadashi, Anne Spencer,
and Sharon William.

3.3.1 Main Character
The main character of this story is " Hiroko". Hiroko is described as a beautiful and shy girl.
Unlike her father with his modern ideas, Hiroko is so Japanese in many ways. She is naturally
old- fashions girl and very comfortable with ancient of traditions. The last thing she wants is to
spend a year in California for an education. She is only doing it to please and to make her father
proud.
In spite of her obvious shyness, she is a brave girl. Since the first time she starts her studies
at St Andrew's College, she faces many problems. All people at school do not like her, because
American people against Oriental. At college her days is filled with prejudice, And the worst
experience for Hiroko when the Pearl Harbor is bombed by Japanese. The world is at war, and
she is part of it. Most horrible of all, she is the enemy in a foreign land. That is sad lesson for
Hiroko to learn but she faces it quietly and bravely. Although in terrible time, she always try to
keep maintain her honor and dignity in a foreign land.
3.4 Characterization
In this story, the method of characterization which is used by the author is the dramatic
method.
The author shows the character's gesture, physical appearance, costume, and the character's
habitual. It can be seen from the statement below:
"Hiroko was beautiful, and so small and she had lovely hair. She looked like a little doll with
tiny features and graceful limbs. She was even lovier and more delicate than her mother".
(Danielle Steel, 1997: 36 )

"She was also shy and unlike her father with all his modern ideas, Hiroko was naturally old
–fashioned girl".
(Danielle Steel, 1997 :
36)
"One Saturday afternoon Peter ran into Hiroko at the dry cleaners in Palo Alto. She was
staggering under a load of their clothes, wearing a lavender kimono and wooden geta. Peter
knew instantly who it was, although he could scarcely her concealed behind the load of
clothes.
96 )
"Hiroko laughed, and bowed to them, and they watched her do it with interest. "We do not
do that here," Tami explained to her.
52 )
The above expression shows Hiroko’s physical appearance, costume and also her gesture.
3.5 Conflict
Conflict is a struggle in order to gain something. There are some kinds of conflict such as
internal conflict, external conflict and also social conflict.
3.5.1 Internal Conflict

In this story Hiroko faces dilemma in her life. She feels in love with an American, but she is
afraid that her family disagree with their relationship. It can be seen from the dialogue below:
"I want you near me all the time. I want to take care of you...I'll go back to Japan with you,
if I have to" said Peter.
"Oh, Peter" Hiroko said, overwhelmed by what he was saying. She could only begin to
imagine what her mother would say. She would be appalled at Hiroko's behavior. And
even her cousin would be shocked, but Peter read her mind as he took her hand in his and
kissed it.
117)
"What are we going to do Peter-san ?" Hiroko asked him then, looking deeply trouble. She
didn't want to hurt anyone, or betray her ancestry. She had not come to America to disgrace
her family, or damage their honor. Yet a part of her told her that she had come here to find
him, and she could no longer turn away from what had happened.
"What do you think your father will say?" Peter asked, looking anxious.
"I don't know Peter-san, she said honestly." It will be great shock to him.
(Danielle Steel, 1997:
122)
The above dialogue shows that Hiroko is afraid her family disagrees about her relationship
with Peter. She has no desire to hurt anyone or defy her family. She just wants to be together
with her boyfriend and hopes that everyone will come to understand it.
3.5.2 External Conflict
External conflict is a kind of conflict that happens between one character and another
character.
In this story Hiroko faces many conflicts or problems with her friend at St Andrew's
College. It can be seen from the expression below:
"What are you doing in this school?" Anne asked, sitting down on her bed in total
frustration.
"I came here from Japan because my father wished it," Hiroko said simply, still unclear as
to why Anne was so angry that they were roommates.
"So did I, but I don't think he had any idea who I'd be going to school with," Anne said
meanly. She was a pretty girl, but she was spoiled, and she had all the prejudices of her
class, and against all oriental. In her mind, "Japs" were all servants, and far beneath her.
91 )
"I guess," Sharon said as she lit a cigarette. They were strictly forbidden to smoke anywhere
on campus, but she didn't care.

"You must not do that, "Hiroko warned. You could smell the smoke easily, and they would
both get in trouble.
And half an hour later, when another girl walked in to talk to Sharon and saw the butts, she
went to the monitor and told them that Hiroko had been smoking. Sharon didn't confess or tell
them it wasn't Hiroko. There was nothing Hiroko felt she could do except take the blame herself,
which seemed the honorable thing to do, and she sat in her room and cried afterward at the
disgrace of being on probation.
126)
From the above expression we can see that people at school did not like Hiroko. All of
them were against her just because she is Japanese. This is sad lesson for Hiroko, but she faces it
patiently.
3.5.3 Social Conflict
It is stated in chapter two that this type of conflict involved conflict between a character
with law or culture, In this story the main character " Hiroko is presented as a Japanese girl that
is naturally old -fashioned, but when she is in California she must be changed her Japanese
custom. It is hard for her to make herself like an American. It can be seen from the expression
below:
Hiroko came slowly downstairs in a dark grey kimono, with a serious air, and she looked
sadder than he had ever seen her, in the somber color. She bowed to Peter, as she always hand
this time, her cousin reached out a hand and touched her shoulder.
"Hiroko, don't do that anymore. Right now, it's important that you don’t stand out
anywhere. Even here, itť's better if you stop bowing."
Hiroko looked shocked by what he had said. She couldn't afford to be different anymore.
Everything was changing.
142)
And the main task Hiroko seemed to have set herself was to become as American as she
could. Takeo hadn't seen her in a kimono in almost two months, she never bowed or called him "
san " anymore, and she had seriously begun to improve her.
178 )
The above expression shows that Hiroko has listened carefully to all of bher cousin's
warning. No kimonos, no bowing, and no speaking Japanese in public. She has to make an effort
not to be different with an American.
3.6 Plot
Plot is the sequence of event in the story which is artistically arranged by the author.
Structure of the plot can be divided in term of beginning, middle, and ending.
The beginning:
When Hiroko was eighteen years old her father sent her to California for an education.
Actually she did not like to go there but to make her father proud she did it.
"Don't you want to go Hiroko? Masao asked sadly. We want to do something important for
your future.
"I..." she struggled with the fear of being disobedient to him, as she lowered her eyes and
battled her emotion. "I don't want to leave you, "
Hiroko said with big eyes filled with tears. "America is so far away, why can't I just go to
Tokyo?"
"Because you will learn nothing there you can't learn here. Please, Hiroko give it a chance.
I don't want you to be deprived of this opportunity."
"I will do it papa, for you." She said bowing to him.
"I want you to do it for yourself, “ he said.
"I will try papa “ she whispered as the tears slid down her cheeks.
It was August 1941, Hiroko boarded the Nagaya Maru ship to California.
The middle :
To Hiroko California was a different world. Her cousin in California Jooks more American
than Japanese. And much to Hiroko's surprise Peter Jenkins, her uncle assistant felt in love with
her and she felt the same thing he did.
In California Hiroko continued her study at St Andrew's college. Unfortunately for Hiroko,
all people at school did not like her, because they were against oriental. In their mind, Japanese
were all servant and far beneath them. At college her days was filled with prejudice and fear.
And the worst experience for Hiroko when the Pearl Harbor was bombed by Japanese. It is
obviously an extremely serious assault on American soil. The world was at war, and she was part
of it. Most horrible of all, she was the enemy in a foreign land. That was sad lesson for Hiroko to
learn but she faced it quietly and bravely.
The ending;
After the war ended Hiroko back to Japan to meet her parents, but both of her parents had
been killed in the bombing. Hiroko could do nothing. She just submitted her fate to the God.
Fortunately for her, Peter Jenkins came to Japan and they lived happily ever after.
3.7 Setting
Setting refers to the point in time and space at which the events of the plot occur. Settings are
important. It symbolizes the emotional state of character, the place where the elements rule the
sense of real in the story. When the rule of
experiences is within the reach of the world appearance, time and places both makes and keeps
the characters real, it animate them so much that it enliven the story.
3.7.1 Setting of place and time
This story happens in some places because the characters move from one place to another
place.
1. Kyoto (Japan ): Kyoto is Hiroko’s homeland. Hiroko lived in Kyoto since she was born
until she was eighteen years old. Then she went to California for an education. After
three years in California she was back home.
2. Palo Alto (California) : Home of Hiroko's uncle. Before she started her study at St
Andrew's college, Hiroko lived in Palo Alto with her uncle's family.
3. St Andrew's College : Hiroko's College in California.
4. Tanforan : First assembly centre for Japanese. When war was happening, almost all of
Japanese people who lived in America was moved to Tanforan included Hiroko and Her
uncle's family.
5. Tule Lake : the second assembly centre for Japanese. After three years lived in Tanforan,
Hiroko and her uncle's family were moved to this place.
And the setting of the time was in around 1941 until 1945.
3.8 Psychological Aspects that Built Up Hiroko Motivation
Motivation is concerned with the fact that human behavior is purposive, that is lead from
one situation to another. Karl.S. enhardt (1955), proposes about human motivation such as: the
appetites, the want, the emotion as motives
and other motives. The analysis of Hiroko motivation is divided through the analysis of these
aspects of human motivation that previously mentioned as follow:

3.8.1 The aspect of appetites
Appetites are strong desire or self need. They are influence our activity because they
initiate and sustain the activity and also direct that activity until the activity finally end in a
satisfaction of the self need. In this story Hiroko has the appetites to please her father and to keep
maintain her honor and dignity in a foreign land. These can be seen from the dialogue below:
"Please, Hiroko. Please give a chance. I don't want you to be deprived of this opportunity"
said Masao
"I will do it papa. For you." Hiroko said bowing to him.
"I want you to do it for yourself. I want you to be happy there, he said.
"I will try papa, “ she whispered, as the tears slid down her check, and he held her. Masao
felt like a monster forcing her to go, and yet until the moment she left, he was certain that
once she was in California she would love it.
38 )
" Have a good time, Hiroko. Learn many things. Open your eyes and see everything, and
then come home and tell us all about it,
"I will, father, " she said, bowing low to him, promising him silently that she would be
everything he wanted.
( Danielle Steel, 1997 :
43 )
From the above conversation we can see that actually Hiroko does not like to go to
California, but to please and to make her father proud she does it. She has promised to herself
that she will do everything to make her father proud.
"I would not live with shame. I must have Bushido, and go back to face them." Hiroko
smiled, watching him. There was something very strong about her now.
She knew she had to be brave, and she would not let her family down. She would be
dignified and proud. And the Bushido she spoke of, Peter had heard of before. It was the
courage of the samurai to walk into battle.
143 )
"Think about it Hiroko. You don't have to go back there."
"You worry to much." Hiroko smiled up at him again." Like uncle Tak I am strong." But
she was also young, and very gentle. And she would not dishonor her father by giving up
school or quitting.
147 )
Hiroko thought of something her grandmother had taught her as a little girl. It was giri, the
obligation to the dignity of one's name. it was the honor that she now owed her father, to be
dignified, and strong and wise, to go willingly to her death with pride. She thought of on as
well, the obligation she had to her country and to her parents. And no matter how
frightened she was, or how sad, she vowed silently not to disgrace them.
254 )
The above expression shows that Hiroko tries to keep maintain her honor and dignity even
though in terrible time.
3.8.2 The Aspect of Want
Related to the aspect of appetites. Hiroko also has a want. “Wants" are the thing people
would like to have, but do not absolutely need to survival. Want as one aspect of human
motivation that infuenced Hiroko's character. Hiroko wants to have many friends at St Andrew's
college. It can be seen from the expression below:
"It's their loss, Hiroko. You'll make friends there eventually. Just be patient. Reiko said to
Hiroko.
94 )
"It is very difficult to be from another place, " Hiroko said sadly. I did not know in
California, it would be like this." She had expected to like school, and to make friends.
( Danielle Steel,
1997 :98 )
On Sunday morning, Hiroko went to play tennis with three girls who had signed up. They
were polite and pleasant to her, although one of the girls seemed to hesitate when she
arrived. But after a few minutes, she didn't seem to have any objection to playing with
Hiroko. Hiroko and her partner won the doubles game, and the girls had lemonade in the
cafeteria, and chatted amiably about the game.

They told Hiroko they'd like to play with her again, and for the first time in three months
she felt as though she'd made some friends.
129 )
The above expression shows that Hiroko tries to make friendship, but it is difficult for her
to find friend, because she is Japanese.
3.8.3 The Aspect of Emotion as Motives
Hiroko is a kind- hearted and cool- minded girl. Although in terrible time, she always tries
to control her emotion. These can be seen from the dialogue below:
"What do you want ?" Anne Spencer snapped at her, still furious that they had refused to
move her.
"Nothing, Anne-san," Hiroko apologized, bowing before she thought of stopping herself. “
I am very sorry if I disturbed you.
"I just can't believe that they'd put us in the same room." Anne stood glaring at her,
unaware of how rude she was.
91 )
"What do I care about Christmas ? " Sally had spat at her lying on her bed when Hiroko
had asked her to go with her and Tadashi. “ and why are you taking him anyway ? if he's
so crazy about you, why don't' you get married ?
"I don't think that's any of your business, " Hiroko said coldly. She was tired of her. Sally
was rude to everyone

337 )
Sally made a comment about some girls going from one man to the other. "What does that
mean “ Hiroko asked her bluntly, hurt by what she’d said, and the obvious implication.
"You know what I mean, “ Sally said, looking angry, and sounding surly.
"Perhaps I do, “ Hiroko admitted to her, “ but I do not like it. I do not go from one man to
any other man.
"I'll bet, “ Sally said, and left the room while Hiroko tried to control her temper.
340 )
3.8.4 Feeling and Attitude
Hiroko is a shy girl, and also she likes to help everyone. it can be seen from the expression
below;
"But I know it's not easy. We probably all seem pretty strange to you. Reiko smiled at
Hiroko then, and Hiroko looked down at her lap and smiled shy.
She had scarcely the courage to look at any of them, and the moment they spoke to her,
she looked down, and seemed deeply embarrassed. Hiroko was the shyest person Sally had
ever seen.
54 )
"You were a big success. “ Reiko said, and meant it. Everyone loves meeting you, Hiroko.
And I’m sure it wasn't easy. “ the young girl blushed, and went on helping with the dishes
in silence. Hiroko was so shy that it still surprised all of them.
68 )
Hiroko stayed in the kitchen to help her aunt Reiko. Reiko was impressed with how
quickly and competently Hiroko did everything. She was the quietest, most efficient girl
Reiko had ever seen, and in spite of her obvious shyness, she knew exactly what she was
doing.
( Danielle Steel,
1997 :61 )
November was slightly easier for Hiroko. Sharon started having trouble in school and
Hiroko volunteered to help her with her studies. Sharon hesitated at first, but in the end she
was grateful for Hiroko.
101 )
The doctors were sure the little girl wouldn’t live the night, but Hiroko sat with her
tirelessly and refused to home. Reiko watched her struggling to keep the child alive.
Hiroko worked with her incessantly for three days, and the finally the fever broke, and the
doctor said she would recover. Hiroko had saved the little girl, she had done what they
couldn’t, without medicine.
She done it with love and determination. The child’s mother thanked her, as Hiroko smiled
and left the infirmary.
277 )
The above expressions show that Hiroko is a shy girl and she is known as a kind person.
She always helps everyone who needs her.

CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
In this chapter, there are some significant points that can be presented as conclusion
from the analysis in the previous chapters.
The analysis on the main character involves the discussion on psychological aspect
including appetites, wants, emotions as well as feeling and attitudes.
Hiroko as the main character of this story is described as a shy girl, kind- hearted, hard
worker and beautiful. She is so Japanese in many ways. Unlike her father with his modern
ideas, Hiroko is naturally old-fashioned girl. She is very comfortable with the most ancient of
Japanese tradition. The last thing she wants just to spend a year in California for an
education. She is only doing it to please her father and she has promised that she will do
everything to make her father proud.
In spite of her obvious shyness she is a brave girl. In California Hiroko has sad
experience. Since the first time, she starts her study at St Andrew's College, she always faces
many problems. All people at St Andrew's College do not like her, because American people
are against Oriental. In their mind all Japanese are servant and far beneath them. And the
worst experience for Hiroko when the Pearl Harbor is bombed by Japanese. It is obviously an
extremely serious assault on American soil. The world is at war, and she is part of it.
The most horrible of all, she is the enemy in a foreign land. That is sad lesson for Hiroko to
learn but she faces it quietly and bravely.
Psychologically, Hiroko has a basic need of an ordinary human. She needs freedom from
her parents to make her decision, and also she needs good treatment and respect from the people
around her, especially from American people. Hiroko's motivation is to get self assertion from
other people. All the aspect of motivation such as appetites, want .emotion, feeling and attitudes
make the personality of Hiroko more complete. This motivation makes Hiroko to work hte and
not dependent to another people.
The story of “ Silent Honor" by Danielle Steel is a recommended story to be read by
everybody, since this story is very interesting and carries some moral messages that can be
applied in everybody's life. The writer tries to present a hidden moral value to the readers that as
a human being never belief that yourself is better than the others. As a God creature all of us are
the same. Life can not be run smoothly without mutual interaction as well as mutual respect
between each others. Another moral message that contain in this story is, as a human, honor and
dignity are the most important thing in our life. So keep maintain your honor and dignity
although in a terrible time.

Beside that, by reading this novel the readers will be able to learn about psychology
especially psychological conflict. As we know, psychology refers to mental characteristic of a
person.
So because of that, as a human being it is important for us to know about i, in order to
understand the personality of the other people. By understanding the personality of someone, we
can learn about many things like: how to handle problem in our life, how to control and direct
our attitude and also how to interact with the other people.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Adler, Alfred. 1956. The Individual Psychology. London: George Allen and
Unwin Ltd.
Berenhardt, Karl S. 1953. Practical Psychology. Toronto: McGraw Hill
Book Company. Int.
Diyani, Robert. 2001. Literature Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. The
McGraw Hill Companies.
Honby, A.S. 2005. Oxford Advance Learner's Dictionary. London: Oxford
University Press.
Fridayanti, Henny. (2013). Psychological Conflict In The Novel “The Baby
Surprise” By Janelle Denison . Faculty of Ttraining And
Education, University Of Muhammadiyah, Malang.
Kenney, William. 1966. How To Analyze Fiction. New York: Monarch
Press.
Kennedy, X.J. 1991. An Introduction To Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. New
York: Longman.
Nisak ,Ngainun . (2014). The Role Of The Main Character’s Psychologicsl
Conflicts To The Theme Seen In Ahmad Fuadi’s The Land Of
Five Towers. Fakultas Tarbiyah Dan Ilmu Keguruan.
Arief Fadlila , Zenithda. (2013) Esther Greenwood’s Psychological
Conflicts Reflected In Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar (1963): A
Psychoanalytic Criticism. Universitiy of Surakarta.
Sartain, A. Quinn. 1958. Understanding Human Behaviour. New York:
McGraw Hill Book Company. Inc.
Steel, Danielle. 1997. Silent Honor. Canada: Random House, Inc.
Wellek, Rene and Austin Warren. 1962. Theory of Literature. New York:
Penguin Book.
Wikipedia. Danielle Steel's Biography. Free Ensyclopedia.

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CONFLICT ANALYSIS ON THE MAIN CHARACTER IN STEEL’S SILENT HONOR

I MADE ADITYA RAMA JAYA

1.1 Background of Study

and describe the events that happen in our society.

they can give the readers entertainment as well as education.

great pressure which is influenced by psychological condition particularly in term of making

decision related to conflict and problem which occurs in the novel.

1.2 Problems of the Study

study can be formulated as the following:

The purpose of the problem study are as follows:

1. To identify of psychological conflict does the main character have.

2. To analyze the main character deal with psychological conflict.

1.4 Scope of Discussion

questions that have been formulated in the statement of research questions.

1.5 Research Method

Methodology is a method and principle of doing something. It is necessary in conducting a

These points will further be elaborated in the following sub section.

1.5.1 Data Source

1.5.2 Method and technique of Collecting Data

the story both in term of the scene and dialogues.

related to psychological aspect. FurthermoreFinally, relates ing it to the main character's

motivation, and personality, and conflict.

1.5.3 Method and technique of Analyzing Data

The step of the analysis is…………………………………………………………………

1.5.4 Method and technique of Presenting Data

The data was presented informally through explaining sentences.

REVIEW OF LITERATURES, CONCEPTS

AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 Review of Literature

2.2.1 The Concept of Literature

1. The Intrinsic Elements of Novel

There are two type of setting (Kenney, 1966:38-40):

g. Structure and Technique

Dialogue is a means of satisfying the reader demand for concreteness. Although

2. The Extrinsic Aspects of Novel

a. Literature and Biography

b. Literature and Psychology

The writer’s creative process is the scope of psychologists’ investigative curiosity.

- Simple (flat) Character

2.2.3 Concept of Conflict

2.2.4 The Concept of Psychology

2.3 Theoretical Framework

2.3.1 Theory of Literature

2.3.2 Theory of Psychology

2.3.2.1 Psychological Aspect of the Character

2.3.2.2 The Human Motivation

To be able to predict what success an individual will achieve in life or m occupation, we

-Feelings and Attitudes

- Feelings and Emotions

The outstanding characteristic of man is his individuality. He is a unique creation of the

The external frustration is anything that prevents a painful of uncomfortable extinction. In

- Understanding of Inferiority Feeling

Since the feeling of inferiority is generally regarded as a sign of weakness and as

3.1 The Biography of Danielle Steel

marriage ended within two years.

lasted less than two years. It ended in 1999.

the best seller list in New York Times.

and report to a relocation centre, along with thousand of other Japanese.

they lived together happily ever after.

3.3 Character of the Story

and Sharon William.

keep maintain her honor and dignity in a foreign land.

habitual. It can be seen from the statement below:

(Danielle Steel, 1997: 36 )