Motivational Methods and

Programs
• A. Motivation through Job Design
… Job design – is defined as the way in which the
elements in a job are organized so that the workers who
is responsible for it enjoys doing it
… This entails:
1. Job enrichment- refers to the practice of building
motivating factors like responsibility, achievement and
recognition into job content. It provides the worker with
a more exciting job and it increases his job satisfaction
and motivation.
 2. Job characteristic model – it refers to the method of job
design that focuses on the task and interpersonal demands of a
job. It emphasizes the interaction between the individual and
the specific attributes of the job.
… It maintains that there are 5 core job characteristic of
importance to job design:
1. Skill variety
2. Task identity
3. Task significance
4. Autonomy
5. Feedback
 3. Job crafting – this refers to the physical and
mental changes workers make in the task or
relationship aspect of their jobs.
… The most common types of job crafting are:
1. Changing the number and type of job tasks
2. Changing the interaction with others on the
job
3. changing one’s view of the job
• B. OB Modification
… OB Mod is actually the application of reinforcement theory in
motivating people at work.
… Reinforcement theory is defined as the contention that behavior is
determined by its consequences.
… The OB Mod program is consist of a 5-step problem solving model:
1. Identifying critical behaviors
2. Developing baseline data
3. Identifying behavioral consequences
4. Developing and implementing an intervention strategy
5. Evaluating performance improvement.
• C. Motivation through Recognition and Pride
… Recognition is a natural human need and it is a strong motivator.
To make it an effective motivator, the following steps are
necessary:
1. Identify a meritorious behavior
2. Recognize the behavior with an oral, written or material reward
… Pride is also a motivator, but one that is intrinsic. Workers who
achieve outstanding performance experience the emotion of pride .
The feeling satisfies the need for self-esteem and self-fulfillment.
This provides managers with a clue on what concrete actions could
be done to motivate workers.
• D. Motivation through Financial Incentives
… Financial incentives are powerful tools of motivation. They are monetary rewards paid to
employees because of the output they produce through their skills, knowledge and
competencies.
… Forms of financial incentives:
1. Time rates- this use the number of hours worked as a means of determining rewards .
2. Payment by results – this links pay to the quantity of the individual’s output.
3. Performance related pay – this considers results/output plus actual behavior in the job.
4. Profit related pay – an organization wide scheme where pay is link to company profits
5. Skill based pay – also known as competency based or knowledge based pay- it sets pay
levels on the basis of skills employees have.
6. Flexible benefit system- a benefit plan that allows each employee to put together a
benefit package individually tailored to his /her own needs.