WWW - Nammakalvi.in: Abbreviation / Acronym (1 Mark)

Namma Kalvi
www.nammakalvi.in
ABBREVIATION / ACRONYM (1 MARK) 34. C - Celcius

35. CA - Chartered Accountant
1. A.D. - Anno Domini 36. CAD - Computer Aided Design
2. a.m. - ante meridiem 37. CAT - Career Aptitude Test
3. AAI - Airport Authority of India 38. CBI - central bureau of Investigation
4. AIBA - Association International de Boxe Amateur 39. CCE - Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation
5. AIDS - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 40. CCTV - Closed Circuit Television
6. AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Science 41. CCTV - Closed Circuit Television
7. AIR - All India Radio 42. CD - Compact Disc
8. ALU - Arithmetic Logic Unit 43. CD - Compact Disc
9. ALU - Arithmetic Logic Unit 44. CE - Common Era
10. AR - Augmented Reality 45. CFC - Chloro Fluoro Carbon
11. AR - Augmented Reality 46. CFL - Compact Fluorescent Lamp
12. ASCII- American Standard Code for Information Interchange 47. CLRI - Central Leather Research Institute
13. ATM - Automated Teller Machine 48. CM - Chief Minister
14. AVADI- Armed Vehicles and Ammunition Depot of India 49. CMRL - Chennai Metro Rail Limited
15. B. Tech -Bachelor of Technology 50. CPG - Central Pattern Generator
16. B.A. -Bachelor of Arts 51. CPU - Central Processing Unit
17. B.E. - Bachelor of Engineering 52. CRPF - Central Reserve Police Force
18. B.Sc. - Bachelor of Science 53. CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
19. BARC - Baba Atomic Research Center 54. CRT - Cathod Ray Tube
20. BBC - British Broadcasting Corporation 55. CRY - Child Rights and You
21. BC - Before Christ / Backward Class 56. CVRDE-Combat Vehicle Research and Development establishments
22. BCCI - Board of Control for Cricket in India 57. DIET - District Institute of Education and Training
23. BCE - Before Common Era 58. DIG - Deputy Inspector General of Police
24. BCE - Before Common Era 59. DOS - Disk Operating System
25. BDS - Bachelor of Dental Surgery 60. DTP - Desktop Publishing
26. BEL - Bharat Electronics Limited 61. DTS - Digital Theatre Sound
27. BHEL - Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited 62. DVD - Digital Versatile Disk
28. BIOS - Basic Input Output System 63. DVD - Digital Versatile Disk / Digital Video
29. BOOK - Bio-Optical Organized Knowledge 64. e.g. - exempligratia
30. BPL - Below Poverty Line 65. EC - Election Commission
31. BPO - Business Process Outsourcing 66. EC - Election Commission
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32. BPT - Bachelor of Physiotherapy 67. ECE - Economic Commission of Europe
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33. BSNL - Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited 68. ECG - Electro Cardiogram
Prepared by: M.NABROSEKHAN M.Sc., M.A., B.Ed., M.Phil., ENGLISH TEACHER, SYED AMMAL MATRIC. HR. SEC. SCHOOL, RAMANATHAPURAM.
www.nammakalvi.in
CLASS: XI STD NEW SYLLABUS 2019-2020---1 MARK QUESTIONS QN.NO: 7 TO 20 SUB: ENGLISH
XII STD
69. EEG - Electro Encephalo Gram 104. HRC - Human Rights Commission
70. EPF - Employees’ Provident Fund 105. HSC - Higher Secondary course Certificate
71. ERNET - Educational and Research Network 106. HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language
72. et al. - et alii 107. HUDCO - Housing and Urban Development Corporation
73. Etc - et cetera 108. i.e - id est
74. EU - European Union 109. IAS - Indian Administrative Service
75. EU - European Union 110. IB - Intelligence Bureau
76. EVM - Electronic Voting Machine 111. IB - Intelligence Bureau
77. EXNORA - Excellent Novel Radical 112. IBRD-International bank for Reconstruction and Development
78. F - Fehrenheit 113. ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organisation
79. FAO - Food and Agricultural Organisation 114. ICC - International Cricket Council
80. FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions 115. ICICI - Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India
81. FERA - Foreign Exchange Regulation Act 116. ICU - Intensive care Unit
82. FIR - First Information Report 117. IDA - International Development Association
83. ft - feet 118. IELTS - International English Language Test System
84. ft2 - square feet 119. IFC - International Finance Corporation
85. FTP - File Transfer Protocol 120. IGNOU - Indira Gandhi National Open University
86. GATE - Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering 121. IIM - Indian Institute of Management
87. GATT - General Aggreement on Trade and Tariffs 122. IIT - Indian Institute of Technology
88. GDP - Gross Domestic Product 123. IIT - Indian Institute of Technology
89. GIRL - Growing Independent Resilient Leaders 124. ILO - International Labour Organization
90. GMAT - Graduate Management Admission Test 125. IMF - International Monetary Fund
91. GPM - Green Peace Movement 126. IMF - International Monetary Fund
92. GPO - General Post Office 127. IMO - International Maritime Organisation
93. GPS - Global Positioning System 128. INSV - Indian Naval Ship Vessel
94. GPS - Global Positioning System 129. IOB - Indian Overseas Bank
95. GST - Goods and Service Tax 130. IP - Internet Protocol
96. GUI - Graphical User Interface 131. IPC - Indian Penal Code
97. HD - High Definition 132. IQ - Intelligent Quotient
98. HDMI - High Definition Multimedia Interface 133. IQ - Intelligence Quotient
99. HDMI - High Definition Multimedia Interface 134. ISBN - International Standard Book Number
100. HDTV - High Definition Television 135. ISD - International Subscriber Dialing
101. HIV - Human Immuno Deficiency Virus 136. ISI - Indian Standard Institute
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102. Hon - Honurable 137. ISO - International Standard Organization
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103. HP - Hindustan Petroleum 138. ISP - Internet Service Provider
139. ISRO - Indian Space Research Organisation 174. NAAC- National Assessment and Accreditation Council
140. ISRO - Indian Space Research Organization 175. NASA- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
141. ITI - Industrial Training Institutes 176. NCC - National Cadet Corps
142. ITU - International Telecommunications Union 177. NEET - National Eligibility cum Entrance Test
143. JEE - Joint Entrance Examination 178. NET - National Eligibility Test
144. Jr - Junior 179. NEWS - North, East, West, South
145. kg - kilogram 180. NGO - Non-Governmental Organization
146. km - kilometer 181. NLC - Neyveli Lignite Corporation
147. KPO - Knowledge Process Outsourcing 182. NOC - No Objection Certificate
148. LAN - Local Area Network 183. NRI - Non-Resident India
149. LASER-Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation 184. NSS - National Service Scheme
150. LED - Light Emitting Diode 185. OPEC - Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
151. LIC - Life Insuarnce Corporation of India 186. OS - Operating System
152. M.A. - Master of Arts 187. p.m. - post meridiem
153. M.E. - Master of Engineering 188. PA - Personal Assistant
154. M.Sc. - Master of Science 189. PAN-Personal Area Network / Permanent Account Number
155. MAN - Metropolitan Area Network 190. PC - Personal Computer
156. MBA - Master of Business Administration 191. PDF - Portable Document Format
157. MBBS - Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery 192. PIN - Postal Index Number
158. MHRD - Ministry of Human Resource Development 193. PM - Prime Minister
159. MICR - Magnetic Ink Character Recognition 194. POTA - Prevention of Terrorism Act
160. MIGA - Multilateral Investment Guarentee Agency 195. PPP - Point-to-Point Protocol
161. ml - milliliter 196. Pres - President
162. MLA - Member of Legislative Assembly 197. Prof - professor
163. MLC - Member of Legislative Council 198. PS - Personal Secretary / Post Script
164. mm - millimeter 199. PTA - Parents Teachers Association
165. MNC - Multi National Company 200. PWD - Public Works Department
166. MP - Member of Parliament 201. QUIZ - Questions Under Intellectual Zone
167. mpg - miles per gallon 202. RADAR - Radio Detection and Ranging
168. mph - miles per hour 203. RAM - Random Access Memory
169. Mr - Mister 204. RAM - Random Access Memory
170. MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging 205. RBI - Reserve Bank of India
171. MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging 206. RDO - Revenue Divisional Officer
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172. Mrs - Mistress 207. Rev - Reverend
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173. MS - Master of Surgery 208. ROM - Read Only Memory
209. ROM - Read Only Memory 243. UNO - United Nations Organization
210. RPF - Railway Protection Force 244. UPO - Universal Postal code
211. RRB - Railway Recruitment Board 245. UPS - Uninterrupted Power Supply
212. RTA - Right To Education Act 246. UPSC - Union Public Service Commission
213. RTO - Regional Transport Officer 247. URL - Uniform Resource Locator
214. SAT - Scholastic Aptitude Test 248. US/USA - United States of America
215. SBI - State Bank of India 249. USA - United States of America
216. SIM - Subscriber Identity Module 250. USB - Universal Serial Bus
217. SIM - Subscriber Identification Module 251. VAO - Village Administrative Officer
218. SLET - State Level Eligibility Test 252. VAT - Value Added Tax
219. SLV - Satellite Launch Vehicle 253. VCR - Video Cassette Recorder
220. SMS - Short Messaging Service 254. VCR - Video Cassette Recorder
221. SR - Southern Railways 255. VGA - Video Graphics Array
222. SSC - Staff Selection Commission 256. VISCOM - Visual Communication
223. SSLC - Secondary School Leaving Certificate 257. VR - Virtual Reality
224. St - saint 258. VR - Virtual Reality
225. STD - Subscriber Trunk Dialing 259. vs - versus
226. TAFE - Tractor And Farm Equipment 260. WAN - Wide Area Network
227. TANCET - Tamil Nadu Common Entrance Test 261. WHO - World Health Organisation
228. TANSI - Tamil Nadu Small Scale Industries 262. WHO - World Health Organization
229. TASMAC - Tamil Nadu State Marketing Corporation 263. WTC - World Trade Centre
230. TET - Teachers Eligibility Test 264. WTO - World Trade Organization
231. TNPSC - Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission 265. WWW - World Wide Web
232. TRB - Teachers Recruitment Board
233. TV - Television
234. UAE - United Arab Emirates
235. UAE - United Arab Emirates
236. UFO - United Fund Organization
237. UGC - University Grants Commission
238. UK - United Kingdom
239. UK - United Kingdom
240. UN - United Nations
241. UNDP - United nations Development Programme
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242. UNESCO-United Nations Educational Scientific Cultural
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Organisation
www.nammakalvi.in
IDIOMS (1 MARK) 34. By and by - as time goes by

35. By the skin of one’s teeth- A narrow escape
1. A big way - on a large scale 36. Catch 22 situation- A situation in which unable to succeed due to
2. A bird’s eye view - a view from higher position some rules
3. A brain child - one’s original idea 37. Caught red handed - caught when doing something wrong
4. A chance in a million - very slim chance 38. Child’s play - a simple exercise for anyone
5. A change of heart - A change of opinion or idea 39. Childlike - having the innocent qualities
6. A cock and a bull story- a wildly improbable story 40. Clean slate - a fast record without discredit
7. A cuckoo in the nest - an unwelcome intruder 41. Come to a halt - stop either temporarily or permanently
8. A drop in the ocean - very small / unimportant 42. Difficult to grasp - Difficult to understand
9. A million dollar question- a question with a valuable answer 43. Dodge a bullet - Barely escaped from a disastrous situation
10. A penny for thoughts - thinking something about 44. Done to a turn - extremely well done
11. A shadow of oneself - Someone or something that is not strong 45. Draw a blank - to fail to get an answer or a result
12. A volley of blows - a string of blows 46. Drive one up the wall - Irritated
13. A wild goose chase - waste of time / useless effort 47. Dropout - cease to complete the studies
14. Alarm bells ringing - Sign of something going wrong 48. Eleventh hour - At the last moment
15. An early bird - someone who rises early 49. Extract from - demand and get from
16. Apple of one’s eye - one’s favourite person 50. Face to mind - recall something
17. Armchair expert - one who gives advice in an area 51. Faint with weariness - exhausted
18. As good as gold - very well behaved 52. Fair and square - in a fair way
19. At close quarters - very near 53. Feather in one’s cap - one more achievement
20. At logger head - To be in strong disagreement 54. Feel the pinch - feeling unpleasant change
21. At one’s disposal - for one’s use 55. Find one’s voice - become more confident in expressing oneself
22. At one’s wit’s end - Desperate 56. Find one’s voice -become more confident in first meeting
23. At the crack of dawn - very early in the morning 57. Fish out of water - a person who does not fit in
24. At the end of his tether - There is no strength or hope left 58. Follow something up - pursue
25. At the helm - in charge 59. Fool’s errand - a fruitless undertaking
26. Back to the wall - In serious difficulty 60. Full of beans - lively / in high spirits
27. Be in one’s head - in a difficult situation 61. Get cold feet - get nervous
28. Below the belt - unfair or unsporting behaviour 62. Get into hot water - be in serious trouble
29. Bereft of - deprived of 63. Give a piece of mind - To express one’s opinion strongly / scold
30. Birds of same feather - People who are alike are often friends 64. Go a long way - To achieve success / to be very helpful
31. Bolt from the blue - A sudden, unexpected event 65. Go a long way - to last for a long time
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32. Break even - make no profit or loss 66. Grasp / clutch at straws- try any method to overcome a crisis
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33. Burn the midnight oil - To sit up very late at night during work 67. Hang out to dry - abandoning one who is in difficulty
68. Happy-go-lucky - Not caring 103. Move heaven and earth- do everything possible
69. Hard to come by - difficult to get 104. Nip in the bud - Cut off the earliest stage /stop at the very beginning
70. Have cold feet - be frightened 105. Off the beaten track - isolated
71. Have no hand in - not involved 106. On cloud nine -Very happy
72. Have one’s heart set on- really want something 107. On the ball -competent
73. Heart and soul - completely / with utter dedication 108. On the ropes -state of near collapse or defeat
74. Hit the road - journey again 109. Once and for all - as a finally settled matter
75. Holds good - be valid at the time of discussion 110. Once in a blue moon - Rarely
76. Honor bound - Morally obliged to do something 111. One thing leading to another – sequence of unplanned events
77. In a nice pickle - in a mess / in a difficult situation 112. Out of the blue - as a total surprise
78. In a remote corner - in a farthest corner 113. Over the moon - extremely happy
79. In barren statements - state without value, interest or result 114. Pain and regret - mental suffering
80. In deep waters - in big trouble 115. Pay back in the same coin- treating others in the same way
81. In dire straits - in a serious, bad situation 116. Pick someone’s brains- use someone’s ideas
82. In our corner - On your side in an argument or dispute 117. Put on air -Behave in an unnatural way to impress others
83. In panic mode - forgot everything and grew irritated 118. Raining cats and dogs - raining heavily
84. In short supply - less than its needed / lacking 119. Right up one’s alley - Appeals to me strongly
85. In the gloom of solitude- in depressing 120. Run the risk - Exposure to injury or loss
86. In the midst of - in the middle of 121. Saved by the bell - Help at the last moment
87. In the pink of health - In a very good health 122. Second childhood - old age
88. In two minds - unable to decide / in a dilemma 123. See eye to eye - agree
89. Keep an eye on - watch something to make sure its ok 124. Sharp as a tack -mentally agile
90. Keep one’s fingers crossed- hope that something good will happen 125. Shot one’s bolt - Exhaust one’s effort
91. Keep one’s hand above water- make enough money to survive 126. Square off - prepare for a conflict
92. Last resort - last option 127. Stand a chance - Have a prospect of success or survival
93. Leave one stranded - forsaken 128. Stand a chance - to be in a favourable position
94. Lend an ear -listen 129. Stay on one’s toes - be ready or prepared for something
95. Lend/give someone a hand- to help someone with something 130. Sweep out - To remove something or someone
96. Listen - len an ear 131. Take a trip down memory- recollect pleasant memories
97. Loud and clear - very clearly 132. Take one for ride - Deceived
98. Make a mountain out of- exaggerate something 133. Taken a hard line- To deal with someone or something in a strict way.
99. Make ends meet - manage with money 134. Taking a hard line - not giving up easily
100. Make one’s mouth water- to crave or desire sth that one loves to eat 135. That one’s lucky stars - to be thankful for one’s good luck
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101. Matter of concern - something to worry about 136. The burning question - the main question or problem
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102. Moseying in and out - walking aimlessly 137. The cat is out of the bag-the secret is out
138. The tip of the iceberg- The biggest part of the problem is hidden PHRASAL VERBS (1 MARK)
139. The icning on the cake-something extra and not essential, but is
added to make it even better 1. Argue out - to discuss to reach an argument
140. Break the ice - to make people more relaxed, especially at 2. Back up - support
the beginning of the meeting 3. Bank on - depend on
141. Thick and fast - in large numbers 4. Bear with - endure / tolerate
142. Thirty pieces of silver - as a symbol of betrayal 5. Blow out - extinguish
143. Throw in the towel - to give up 6. Blow up - explode
144. Tight corners - Difficult situations 7. Break down - fall / stop working / collapse
145. Till waters run deep - never judge anything by its appearance 8. Break into - enter by force
146. Time out of mind - time immemorial / very ancient 9. Break off - finish
147. To bark at the moon - to make a fuss with no effect 10. Break out -escape from a place or situation / start suddenly
148. To be accustomed to - to get used to 11. Break through - penetrate
149. To be chicken hearted- to be cowardly 12. Break up - disperse / shatter
150. To be on tender hooks- to be in a state of nervous suspense 13. Bring about - make something happen
151. To be up with a lark - to wake up early in the morning 14. Bring forth - produce
152. To bear one’s burden in silence – to regret or suffer quietly 15. Bring in - introduce
153. To build castles in the air- to have impossible desires 16. Bring out - publish
154. To chatter like a magpie- to talk incessantly / no interruption 17. Bring up - educate / rear
155. To crow over - to rejoice at the defeat of the opponent 18. Build up - to develop
156. To drag up a child - to bring up a child without proper training 19. Burn off - to use or get rid of something
157. To take a new turn - to begin a new course 20. Call for - demand
158. To tread on unknown waters - to explore 21. Call off - cancel
159. Tricks of the trade - the expertise of doing business 22. Call on - visit / require
160. Vicious cycle - Chain like issues 23. Call out - summon
161. Wait for the dust to settle-to wait for a situation to become clear 24. Call up - invite
162. Get/have all your ducks in a row-to have made all the preparations 25. Carry on - continue
needed to do something / to be well organized 26. Carry out - fulfill
163. Fetch and carry - to do a lot of little jobs fro somebody as if you 27. Check in - arrive and register at airport or hotel
were their servants. 28. Check out - pay the bill when leaving a hotel
164. Do the math - to think carefully about something before 29. Cave in - collapse
doing it, so that you know all the relevant facts or figures. 30. Come on - hurry
165. Round the corner - very near 31. Come over - understand
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166. Well-to-do - Wealthy / prosperous 32. Come upon - meet someone by chance
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167. Yellow streak - Cowardly / weak 33. Cope with - deal with
www.nammakalvi.in
34. Cut off - to remove something by cutting 69. Lay down - surrender / sacrifice / pass a law
35. Dealt with - managed 70. Look after - take care of
36. Draw up - stop 71. Look at - to think about something carefully
37. Drop in - visit 72. Look for - to find / to search
38. Drop out - discontinue 73. Look into / over - investigate / examine
39. Eat out - eat in a restaurant 74. Look through - to search for someone or something
40. Engage in - take part 75. Look up to - admire
41. Figure out - understand 76. Look up - refer
42. Get along with - have a friendly relationship 77. Make out - understand
43. Get away - escape 78. Make over - redo / renovate
44. Get on - have a friendly relationship / continue 79. Melt away - disappear slowly
45. Get off - leave a bus, train, etc., 80. Nose around - looking around to find information
46. Get in - enter a bus, train, plane. 81. Pass out - graduate
47. Get away - to go away from home for a vacation 82. Pass through - undergo
48. Get over - recover / overcome 83. Pull back - refrain
49. Get through - pass 84. Push forward - to continue doing something with effort
50. Get up - rise from bed 85. Put aside - save
51. Give away - distribute 86. Put off - postpone
52. Give in - yield 87. Put on - wear
53. Give up - abandon 88. Put up with - tolerate
54. Go after - to chase 89. Put up - build
55. Go far - succeed 90. Quarrel with - oppose
56. Go into - examine / investigate 91. Ran into - to hit / enter / meet and reach
57. Go on - continue / hurry 92. Reel off - recite
58. Go through - endure / examine 93. Run across - meet
59. Hand down - deliver 94. Run after - chase / seek
60. Hang around - move with no aim 95. Run over - overflow / examine
61. Hit on - think of 96. Set aside - discard
62. Hold on - wait / stop 97. Set back - to slow down the progress
63. Hold up - delay 98. Set out - displays
64. Hunt down - try to find every member 99. Set up - establish
65. Keep on - continue 100. Settle down - establish / lead a quiet life
66. Keep up - continue / maintain 101. Show up - reveal
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67. Knuckle under - submit 102. Shut down - close
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68. Lay by - keep for future use 103. Stand by - support / wait
104. Stand for - to represent a particular idea COMPOUND WORDS (1 MARK)

105. Stand out - continue to resist airport, dream world, man servant,
106. Stand up - rise alarm clock, eye-liner, Moonlight,
107. Stretch out - to lay down / to sleep arm chair, eye brow, motor cycle,
108. Take after - resemble bed room, foot ball, pipe water,
109. Take away - remove bed-time, field glasses, post man,
110. Take down - write birth day, fire men, rice mill,
111. Take off - leave the ground / remove bookstall, Hand bag, river bed,
112. Take on - accept borderline, Hand cuff, school boy,
113. Take part in - participate bus-station, Honey bee, school bus,
114. Take up - to deal with car driver, Ladybug, shoe maker,
115. Throw away - to get rid of chess board, foot note, snow ball,
NOUN +
116. Throw out - discard / reject child hood, gas light, stamp pad,
NOUN
117. Tire out - exhaust cloak room, girl friend, kitchen garden
118. Turn away - refuse admission cloth merchant, head light, star light,
119. Turn down - refuse college student, honey moon, sunlight,
120. Turn on - to open cricket ground, lamp post, table cloth,
121. Took over - take lead printer lottery ticket, text book,
122. Set off - stat a journey cartridge, notebook, time table,
123. See off - to go to station or airport to say good bye railroad, pigtail, tube light,
124. Stop over - to stay at a place for a short time while travelling river bank, white paper, wall paper,
125. Warm up - practice sea-shore, air ticket wind screen,
126. Work out - Be successful time limit, wood cutter,
water proof, worm book,
back-bite, Benchmark Snow drop
birth control, Breastfeed Snow fall
bus stand Bus stop Tooth-ache
dog bite, Earmark Waylay
Ear mark, Finger print Paintbrush
NOUN + VERB hair cut, Hand wash Toothbrush
horserace, Headache snake bite,
daybreak, Headline sun rise,
land mark, Moon walk sun set,
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pen drive, Rainfall Sun shine,
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side walk, water fall,
bath soap, Bath room Search engine White washing Airlifting Air conditioning
dare devil, Break fast Stop clock Storytelling Book-binding Slow-cycling
hang man, Call taxi Taste buds Time consuming Cat walking Mind-reading
NOUN +
Pick pocket, Crossword Watch man bird watching Day-dreaming Test-driving
VERB + NOUN GERUND
play ground, Crybaby Walk man baby sitting Hand writing Snow-skiing
play thing Handle bar Rest house horse riding Mind-boggling Train-spotting
saw dust, Pass port suitcase
show case Popcorn walking stick Driving school Washing
air tight, Black gold Merciless dining table Fishing net machine
dark blue, Careless Milk white shooting gun Swimming Waiting hall
GERUND +
Duty free, Dead slow World famous dancing bird pool Stepping stone
NOUN
NOUN + handmade, Downtrodden Sky blue, driving license Visiting card Cooking gas
ADJECTIVE heartbroken, Henpecked Tax free, drinking watery Writing pad Blotting paper
home sick, Homeless water tight
light green, Honey-sweet Lifelong Foreground Overact Undertake
pale yellow, Knee-deep sea blue Input Overcome Undergo
black board Black box Green house ADVERB + Out put Over-grow Outlive
black market Blueberry Hard ware VERB Intake Under-rate Backdrop
blue print Blue cross Red cross Over change Upset upturn
gentleman Blue print White board
good show Clever boy short hand Drawback, Camp-out Fall-out
ADJECTIVE +
grandparents Deep well software VERB + lock up, Drop-out Look out
NOUN
nice man Full moon Sweet heart ADVERB die hard, Take off send off
noble man Gentleman tall girl
poor man Wise man wet grinder White wash Side walk Long forgotten
rich girl ADJECTIVE + Safe guard Long awaited Blacklisted
VERB Clear cut Shortchange
Inside Onlooker Overcoat
By path Postscript Overconfidence ADVERB + Incoming Outgoing
off spring Undershirt Overtime GERUND
ADVERB (OR
indoor Outwit after noon Calm-going Good-looking Easy-going
PREPOSITION)
outpatient Background Inbox ADJECTIVE Bad-looking Dry-cleaning Shabby-looking
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+ NOUN
over load Downfall undergarment +GERUND Bad-smelling
Foresee
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Hard working I. FORM PLURAL WORDS BY ADDING ‘S’

ADVERB +
Overlooking SINGULAR PLURAL
GERUND
Out going Apple Apples
Red hot, White hot Boat Boats
ADJECTIVE +
blue black, Book Books
ADJECTIVE
dull grey Bottle Bottles
NOUN + Son-in-law Brother Brothers
PREPOSITION Mother-in-law Bureau Bureaus
+ NOUN Cat Cats
ADJECTIVE + Interested in music College Colleges
PREPOSITION Good for nothing Cow Cows
+ NOUN Cup Cups
Desk Desks
Dozen Dozens
SINGULAR – PLURAL (1 MARK) Friend Friends
1. Chair - chairs Girl Girls
2. Box - boxes House Houses
3. Eskimo - Eskimos
Human Humans
4. Lady - ladies
Letter Letters
5. Radius - radii
Major general Major generals
6. Formula - formulae
Nephew Nephews
7. Child - children
Paper Papers
8. Deer - deer
9. Loaf - loaves Pencil Pencils
10. Hero - heroes Plateau Plateaus
11. Leaf - leaves Passer by Passers by
12. Lorry - lorries River Rivers
13. Bat - bats Sticker Stickers
14. Clock - clocks Tree Trees
15. Table - tables Window Windows
16. Lamp - lamps Zebra Zebras
17. Doll - dolls
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18. Biscuit - biscuits
19. Knife - knives
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www.nammakalvi.in
II. WORDS END WITH ‘S/SS/SH/CH/X/O/Z’ - ADD ‘ES’ III. WORDS END WITH ‘F/FE’ – REPLACE WITH ‘VES’
SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL
Dish Dishes Leaf Leaves
Brush Brushes Thief Thieves
Glass Glasses Calf Calves
Church Churches Wife Wives
Class Classes Shelf Shelves
Bus Buses Knife Knives
Bench Benches Wolf Wolves
Watch Watches Dwarf Dwarves
Pass Passes Half Halves
Fox Foxes Scarf Scarves
Tax Taxes Elf Elves
Dress Dresses Grief Grieves
Blitz Blitzes SOME EXCEPTIONAL WORDS
Mango Mangoes Roof Roofs
Potato Potatoes Cuff Cuffs
Tomato Tomatoes Proof Proofs
Branch Branches Chief Chiefs
Wish Wishes Chef Chefs
Moss Mosses Handkerchief Handkerchiefs
Pitch Pitches Cliff Cliffs
SOME EXCEPTIONAL WORDS
Quiz Quizzes IV. WORDS END WITH ‘Y’ – REPLACE WITH ‘IES’
Ox Oxen SINGULAR PLURAL
Piano Pianos Baby Babies
Radio Radios Lady Ladies
Photo Photos Army Armies
Stereo Stereos Fly Flies
Memo Memos University Universities
City Cities
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Country Countries
Enemy Enemies
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Library Libraries
Dictionary Dictionaries VI. WORDS END WITH ‘IS’ – REPLACE WITH ‘ES’
Puppy Puppies SINGULAR PLURAL
Diary Diaries Axis Axes
Spy Spies Analysis Analyses
Daisy Daisies Basis Bases
Copy Copies Thesis Theses
SOME EXCEPTIONAL WORDS Crisis Crises
Monkey Monkeys Ellipses Ellipsis
Boy Boys Oasis Oases
Key Keys Diagnosis Diagnoses
Toy Toys
Turkey Turkeys VII. WORDS END WITH ‘A’ – REPLACE WITH ‘AE’
Day Days SINGULAR PLURAL
Delay Delays Formula Formulae
Tray Trays Antenna Antennae
Prey Preys Alumna Alumnae
Kidney Kidneys Vertebra vertebrae
V. WORDS END WITH ‘ON/UM’ – REPLACE WITH ‘A’ VIII. WORDS END WITH ‘US’ – REPLACE WITH ‘I’
SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL
Criterion Criteria Radius Radii
Agendum Agenda Cactus Cacti
Phenomenon Phenomena Stimulus Stimuli
Stratum Strata Locus Loci
Datum Data Focus Foci
Medium Media Nucleus Nuclei
Bacterium Bacteria Syllabus Syllabi / syllabuses
Stadium Stadia Terminus Termini / terminuses
Aquarium Aquaria Alumnus Alumni
Curriculum Curricula Virus Viruses (Exception)
Ultimatum Ultimate
13
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IX. WORDS END WITH ‘EX/IX’ – REPLACE WITH ‘ICES’ Linguistics Linguistics
SINGULAR PLURAL Goods Goods
Index Indices / indexes Outskirts Outskirts
Matrix Matrices / matrixes Glasses Glasses
Vertex Vertices / vertexes Wages Wages
Appendix Appendices / appendixes Darts Darts
Billiards Billiards
X. SAME SINGULAR & PLURAL FORM Jeans Jeans
SINGULAR PLURAL
Sheep Sheep XI. SOME SPECIAL CHANGES
Deer Deer SINGULAR PLURAL
Furniture Furniture Man Men
Meal Meal Woman Women
Hair Hair Child Children
Luggage Luggage Foot Feet
Baggage Baggage Goose Geese
Advice Advice Mouse Mice
Fish Fish Tooth Teeth
Information Information Chick Chicken
Corps Corps Ox Oxen
Species Species Die Dice
Aircraft Aircraft Person People
Cattle Cattle
Spectacles Spectacles
Premises Premises
Series Series
Trousers Trousers
Pants Pants
Scissors Scissors
News News
Swine Swine
14
Innings Innings
Means Means
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Athletics Athletics
www.nammakalvi.in
AFFIXES (1 MARK) 9. Fair ness Fairness

Prefix Root Word New Word 10. Familiar Rise Familiarise
1. De Grade Degrade 11. Friend ly Friendly
2. Dia Meter Diameter 12. Govern Ment Government
3. Dis Like Dislike 13. Hero Ism Heroism
4. Dis Obey Disobey 14. Intense ity Intensity
5. Hyper active hyperactive 15. Kind Ness Kindness
6. Ig Noble Ignoble 16. Love ly Lovely
7. Il Legal Illegal 17. Music ian Musician
8. Im Polite Impolite 18. Perform Ance Performance
9. Im Possible Impossible 19. Taste less Tasteless
10. In Direct Indirect 20. Trans Form Transform
11. In Secure Insecure 21. Wash able Washable
12. In Sufficient Insufficient
13. In correct Incorrect EUPHEMISTIC EXPRESSIONS / POLITE ALTERNATIVES (1 MARK)
14. Ir Responsible Irresponsible 1. Abortion - pregnancy termination
15. Mis Placed Misplaced 2. Accidental death - collateral damage
16. Mis Taken Mistaken 3. Bald - moon landing
17. Non Violence Non Violence 4. Barber - hair dresser
18. Over Load Overload 5. Blind - visually impaired
19. Ultra Violet Ultraviolet 6. Boys toilet - the little boys’ room
20. Un Quenchable Unquenchable 7. Buttocks - bottom
21. Un Fair Unfair 8. Cheap - economical
22. Un Able Unable 9. Cheating - professional foul
23. Un Happy Unhappy 10. Crazy - a few sandwiches short of a picnic
11. Deaf - hearing impaired / aurally challenged
Root Word Suffix New Word 12. Death penalty - capital punishment
1. Announce Ment Announcement 13. Died - passed away / kicked the bucket / croaked
2. Associate Ion Association 14. Dumb - orally challenged
3. Bright ness Brightness 15. Euthanize - put to sleep
4. Care less Careless 16. Fart - pass wind
5. Cheer ful Cheerful 17. Fat - big-boned / full-figured / horizontally-challenged
15
6. Child Hood Childhood 18. Female toilet - the ladies’ room
7. Color ful colorful 19. Genocide - ethnic cleansing
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8. Develop Ment Development 20. Handicapped - physically challenged / differently-abled
21. Homeless - on the streets AMERICAN TO BRITISH ENGLISH (1 MARK)

22. House wife - home maker BRITISH ENGLISH - AMERICAN ENGLISH
23. Idiot - intellectually challenged 1. Accelerator - Gas pedal
24. Jail - correctional facility 2. Accommodation - Accommodations
25. Killed - whacked / wearing cement shoes 3. Advertisement - Notice
26. Late - chronologically challenged 4. Aerial - Antenna
27. Liar - economical with the truth 5. Aerofoil - Airfoil
28. Maid - domestic engineer 6. Aeroplane - Airplane
29. Military attack - armed intervention 7. Apologise - Apologize
30. Old person - senior citizen 8. Aluminium - Aluminum
31. Poor - working class / economically disadvantaged 9. Angry - Mad
32. Prison camp - relocation center 10. Anticlockwise - Counter clockwise
33. Retarded - mentally challenged 11. Appetizer - Starter
34. Shoplifting - five-finger discount 12. Autumn - Fall
35. Short - vertically challenged 13. Bank holiday - Legal holiday
36. Stupid - academically challenged 14. Barrister / solicitor - Lawyer / attorney
37. Surcharge - convenience fee 15. Beet root - Beet(s)
38. Thin - slender 16. Bill - Check
39. Toilet - restroom / washroom 17. Biscuit - Cookie
40. Ugly - aesthetically challenged 18. Biscuits - Cookies
41. Unemployed - between jobs 19. Blind - Window Shade
42. Unwanted call - courtesy call 20. Bonnet - Hood
43. Used car - previously enjoyed car 21. Boot - Trunk
44. Vomit - blow chunk 22. Behaviour - Behavior
45. Broke - negative cash flow 23. Braces - Suspenders
46. Got fired - taking an early retirement 24. Brackets - Paranthesis
47. Flatulence - fired a shot 25. Calibre - Caliber
48. Toupee - bad rug 26. Car park - Parking lot
49. Assignment - homework 27. Caravan - Trailer
50. Pregnant - expecting 28. Caretaker - Janitor
51. Dismissed - let you go 29. Carpet - Rug
30. Catalogue - Catalog
16
31. Centre - Center
32. Chemist - Druggist
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33. Chemist’s shop - Drugstore / pharmacy
34. Cheque - Check 69. Fire brigade - Fire department

35. Chips - French Fries 70. First floor - Second floor
36. Cloakroom - checkroom / coat room 71. Flannel - Washcloth
37. Colour - Color 72. Flat - Apartment
38. Cooker - Stove 73. Flavour - Flavor
39. Corn flour - Cornstarch 74. Flyover - Overpass
40. Cosy - Cozy 75. Foot ball - Soccer
41. Cot - Crib 76. Foot way - Side walk
42. Courgette - Zucchini 77. Fortnight - Two weeks
43. Crisps - Chips 78. Fringe - Bangs
44. Crocodile - alligator 79. Full stop - Period
45. Cross roads - Intersection 80. Garden - Yard / Lawn
46. Cupboard - Closet 81. Goods train - Freight train
47. Current account - Checking account 82. Goods - Freight
48. Curriculum vitae - Resume 83. Grill - Broil
49. Curtains - Drapes 84. Grey - Gray
50. Cutting - Clipping 85. Ground floor - First floor
51. Diversion - Detour 86. Hairslide - Barrette
52. Draught - Draft 87. Hand bag - coin purse
53. Drink driving - Drunk driving 88. Harbour - Harbor
54. Dummy - Pacifier 89. Headmaster - Principal
55. Dustbin - Trash can / Garbage can 90. Hire - Rent
56. Duvet - Comforter 91. Holiday - Vacation
57. Dynamo - generator 92. Homely - Homey
58. Earth wire - Ground wire 93. Hoover - Vaccum cleaner
59. Engaged - Busy 94. Humour - Humor
60. Enquiry - Inquiry 95. Indicator - Side signal / Turn signal
61. Expiry date - Expiration date 96. Interval - Intermission
62. Fancy dress - Constumes 97. Inverted commas - Quotation Marks
63. Father Christmas - Santa Claus 98. Jam - Jelly
64. Favourite - Favorite 99. Jewellery - Jewelery
65. Fellow - Guy 100. Jug - Pitcher
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66. Fever - Sick 101. Jumper - Sweater
67. Fill in - Fill out 102. Junior school - Elementary school
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68. Film / Cinema - Movie 103. Kennel - Dog house
www.nammakalvi.in
104. Kilometre - Kilometer 139. Public school - Private school

105. Ladybird - Ladybug 140. Queue - line
106. Lift - Elevator / Escalator 141. Racing car - Race car
107. Litre - Liter 142. Rail way - Rail road
108. Lolly - Lollipop 143. Rise - Raise
109. Labour - Labor 144. Rubber - Eraser
110. Lorry - Truck 145. Shop assistant - Sales clerk
111. Mackintosh - Raincoat 146. Shop - Store
112. Maize - Corn 147. Shopping trolley - Shopping cart
113. Managing director - CEO 148. Silencer - Muffler
114. Match - Game 149. Single - One way
115. Maths - Math 150. Single way - One way
116. Metre - Meter 151. Skilful - Skillful
117. Mobile phone - Cell phone 152. Skipping rope - Jump rope
118. Motor bike - Motor Cycle 153. Solicitor - Lawyer
119. Motorway - Expressway / highway 154. Stable - Barn
120. Mum/Mummy - Mom/Mommy 155. Storm - Tempest
121. Nappy - Diaper 156. Storm - Tempest
122. Neighbour - Neighbor 157. Sweet - Candy
123. Newsreader - Newscaster 158. Tap - Faucet
124. Number plate - License plate 159. Tea cup - Tea pot
125. Paraffin - Kerosene 160. Terminus - depot
126. Parlour - Parlor 161. Theatre - Theater
127. Pavement - Sidewalk 162. Tick - Check mark
128. Petrol - Gasoline 163. Tights - Pantyhose
129. Physiotherapy - Physical therapy 164. Timber - Lumber
130. Porridge - Oat meal 165. Time table - Schedule
131. Post box - Mail box 166. Tin - Can
132. Post - Mail 167. Toilet - Rest room
133. Post code - Zip code 168. Torch light - Flash light
134. Pull over - Sweater 169. Trousers - Pants
135. Potato crisp - Potato chip 170. Trumpet - Horn
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136. Practise - Practice 171. Tyre - Tire
137. Pram - Baby carriage / stroller 172. Underground - Subway
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138. Programme - Program 173. Veranda - Porch
174. Vest - Undershirt 25. Cremated + Remains = Cremains

175. Waistcoat - Vest 26. Cybernetic + organism = Cyborg
176. Wardrobe - Closet 27. Cybernetic + Organism = Cyborg
177. Wash basin - Sink 28. Diplomacy + Economics = Diplonomics
178. Wind screen - Wind shield 29. Documentary + Drama = Docudrama
179. Witness box - Witness stand 30. Education + Entertainment = Edutainment
180. Zebra crossing - Cross walk 31. Education + Satellite = Edusat
181. Zed - Zee 32. Electro + Execute = Electrocute
33. Electronic + Mail = E-mail
BLENDED WORDS (1 MARK) 34. Emote + icon = Emoticon
35. Endogenous + morphine = Endorphin
1. Advertisement + editorial = advertorial 36. Fact + fiction = Faction
2. Advertisement + Inflation = Adflation 37. Fan + magazine = Fanzine
3. Affluent + influenza = Affluenza 38. Fantastic + Fabulous = Fantabulous
4. Agitation + propaganda = Agitprop 39. Fantastic + Magazine = Fanzine
5. Agriculture + Business = Agribusiness 40. Feeble + Debility = Feebility
6. Alcohol + pop = Alcopop 41. Feminine + Seminar = Feminar
7. Alphabetic + numeric = Alphanumeric 42. Flame + glare = Flare
8. Bat + mash = Bash 43. Flirting + relationship = Flirtationship
9. Beauty + utility = Beautility 44. Foreign + exchange = Forex
10. Binary + Digit = Bit 45. Formula + Translation = FORTRAN.
11. Binary + table = Byte 46. Friend + enemy = Frenemy
12. Biography + picture = Biopic 47. Gigantic + enormous = Ginormous
13. Biology + electronic = Bionic 48. Glamorous + Camping = Glamping
14. Bombay + Hollywood = Bollywood 49. Gleam + shimmer = Glimmer
15. Brain + maniac = brainiac 50. Global + English = Globish
16. Breakfast + Lunch = Brunch 51. Guess + estimate = Guesstimate
17. Breath + analyzer = Breathalyzer 52. Guitar + arthritis = Guitarthritis
18. Britain + exit = Brexit 53. Hand + Video camera = Handy cam.
19. Camera + recorder = Camcorder 54. Helicopter + Airport = Heliport
20. Channel + tunnel = Chunnel 55. High + Technology = Hi-tech
21. Cheating + texting = Chexting 56. Huge + monstrous = Humongous
19
22. Chill + relax = Chillax 57. Hunger + angry = Hangry
23. Clap + crash = Clash 58. Information + commercial = Infomercial
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24. Cosmetic + pharmaceutical = Cosmeceutical 59. Information + entertainment = Infotainment
60. International + Network = Internet 95. Technology + Wizard = Techno-wizard.

61. International + Police = Interpol 96. Television + evangelist = Televangelist
62. Keyboard + guitar = Keytar 97. Television + evangelist = Televangelist
63. Laundry + Automat = Laundromat 98. Television + photogenic = Telegenic
64. Lecture + Demonstration = Lecdem 99. Transfer + Resistor = Transistor
65. Man + animal = Manimal 100. Travel + Catalogue = Travelogue
66. Man + explaining = Mansplaining 101. Vegetable + Burger = Vegeburger
67. Mass + prestige = Masdtige 102. Video + blog = Vlog
68. Mechanics + electronics = Mechatronics 103. Video + idiot = Videot
69. Medical + Care = Medicare 104. Vital + amine = Vitamin
70. Medical + claim = Mediclaim 105. Volcanic + ash = Vash
71. Medical + evacuation = Medevac 106. Web + Log = Blog
72. Mock + cocktail = Mocktail 107. Web + seminar = Webinar
73. Modulator + Demodulator = Modem. 108. Wireless + fidelity = Wifi
74. Motor + Bike = Mobike 109. Work + alcoholic = Workaholic
75. Motor + Hotel = Motel 110. Work + Welfare = workfare
76. Motor + Pedal cycle = Moped.
77. Multiple + Complex = Multiplex CLIPPED WORDS (1 MARK)
78. Naphthenic + palmitic = Napalm
79. News + Broadcast = Newscast 1. Advertisement - ad
80. Nigeria + Hollywood = Nollywood 2. Airplane - plane
81. Oxford + Cambridge = Oxbridge 3. Alchemist - chemist
82. Parachute + troops = Paratroops 4. Alligator - gater
83. Phone + tablet = Phablet 5. Alumni - alum
84. Pulse + quasar = Pulsar 6. Amend - mend
85. Sheep + people = Sheeple 7. Ampere - amp
86. Situation + comedy = Sitcom 8. Automobile - auto
87. Sky + Laboratory = Skylab 9. Bicycle - cycle
88. Slang + language = Slanguage 10. Brassiere - bra
89. Smack + mash = Smash 11. Bride groom - groom
90. Smoke + Fog = Smog. 12. Brother - bro
91. Spanish + English = Spanglish 13. Burst - bust
20
92. Spoon + Fork = Spork 14. Cabriolet - cab
93. Sports + broadcast = Sportscast 15. Cafeteria - cafe
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94. Stay + Vacation = Staycation 16. Calculus - calc
www.nammakalvi.in
17. Canterbury gallop - canter 52. Gymnasium - gym

18. Capsule - caps 53. Hackney - hack
19. Caravan - van 54. Hamburger - burger
20. Celebrities - celebs 55. Handkerchief - kerchief
21. Centum - cent 56. Helicopter - copter
22. Champion - champ 57. Hippopotamus - hippo
23. Chrysanthemum - mum 58. Hitchhike - hitch
24. Cleric - clerk 59. Identity - id
25. Coattails - tails 60. Influenza - flu
26. Coeducation - coed 61. Information - info
27. Convict - con 62. Introduction - intro
28. Cooperative - co-op 63. Jet aircraft - jet
29. Cucumber - cuke 64. Kilogram - kilo
30. Curiosity - curio 65. Laboratory - lab
31. Daddy - dad 66. Limousine - limo
32. Debutante - debut 67. Lubricate - lube
33. Demarcate - mark 68. Luncheon - lunch
34. Discotheque - disco 69. Market - mart
35. Diskette - disc 70. Mathematics - maths
36. Disport - sport 71. Mayonnaise - mayo
37. Disport - sport 72. Memorandum - memo
38. Distil - still 73. Microphone - mike
39. Doctor - doc 74. Mistress - miss
40. Dormitory - dorm 75. Modern - mod
41. Drapery - drape 76. Motor bike - bike
42. Earthquake - quake 77. Movie pictures - movie
43. Examination - exam 78. Mummy - mum
44. Facsimile - fax 79. Necktie - tie
45. Fanatic - fan 80. Newscast - news
46. Flatiron - iron 81. Newsflash - flash
47. Fountain pen - pen 82. Nexktie - tie
48. Gabble - gab 83. Non-vegetarinan - non-veg
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49. Gasoline - gas 84. Okay - ok
50. Gentlemen - gens 85. Oleomargarine - margarine
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51. Graduate - grad 86. Omnibus - bus
87. Pantaloons - pants 122. Submarine - sub

88. Parachute - chute 123. Suitcase - case
89. Paragraph - para 124. Taxicab - taxi
90. Pathway - path 125. Teenager - teen
91. Penitentiary - pen 126. Telephone - phone
92. Pepper - pep 127. Temperature - temp
93. Perambulator - pram 128. Topbrass - brass
94. Percolate - perk 129. Tram car - tram
95. Periwig - wig 130. Trigonometry - trig
96. Perquisite - perk 131. Triumph - trump
97. Photograph - photo 132. Tubelight - tube
98. Popmusic - pop 133. Turnpike - pike
99. Popular - pop 134. Typographical error - typo
100. Pressure cooker - cooker 135. Umpire - ump
101. Professional - pro 136. University - varsity
102. Professor - prof 137. Vegetarian - veg
103. Promenade - prom 138. Veteran - vet
104. Public house - pub 139. Veterinarian - vet
105. Raccoon - coon 140. Zoological garden - zoo
106. Referee - ref
107. Reference - ref RIGHT DEFINITION (1 MARK)
108. Refrigerator - fridge -PHOBIA WORDS
109. Rehabilitate - rehab 1. Achievemephobia - fear of success
110. Representative - rep 2. Acousticophobia - fear of noise
111. Reputation - rep 3. Acrophobia - fear of heights
112. Revolution - rev 4. Aerophobia - fear of flying
113. Rhinoceros - rhino 5. Agoraphobia - fear of open places.
114. Saxophone - sax 6. Ailurophobia - fear of cats
115. Scramble - scram 7. Alektorophobia - fear of chicken
116. Situation comedy - sitcom 8. Amnesiphobia -fear of amnesia
117. Specification - specs 9. Anglophobia - fear of using english.
118. Spectacles - specs 10. Anthophobia - fear of flowers
22
119. Statistics - stats 11. Anthropophobia - fear of people
120. Stereophonic - stereo 12. Arachnophobia - fear of spiders
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121. Storehouse - store 13. Arsonphobia - fear of fire
14. Astraphobia - fear of thunder 49. Psychophobia - fear of mind

15. Autophobia - fear of being alone or isolated 50. Pyrophobia - fear of fire
16. Bibliophobia - fear of books 51. Radiophobia - fear of radiations
17. Bromidrophobia - fear of body smells 52. Rupophobia - fear of dirt
18. Carcinophobia - fear of cancer 53. Scolionophobia - fear of school
19. Catoptrophobia - fear of mirrors 54. Sitophobia - fear of food
20. Chronophobia - fear of future 55. Somniphobia - fear of sleep
21. Claustrophobia - fear of enclosed space 56. Tachophobia - fear of speed
22. Cyberphobia - fear of computers 57. Telephonophobia - fear of talking on phone
23. Cynophobia - fear of dogs 58. Theophobia - fear of god
24. Demophobia - fear of crowds 59. Trypophobia - fear of hole
25. Didaskaleinophobia - fear of school 60. Vehophobia - fear of driving
26. Ecophobia - fear of home 61. Xenophobia - dislike people from other countries
27. Emetophobia - fear of vomiting 62. Zoophobia - fear of animals
28. Glossophobia - fear of public speaking
29. Hemophobia - fear of blood -MANIA WORDS
30. Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia – fear of long words 63. Bibliomania - passionate towards collecting books
31. Hydrophobia - fear of water 64. Choreomania - dancing mania
32. Latrophobia - fear of doctors 65. Dipsomania - insatiable craving for alcoholic beverages
33. Mastigophobia - fear of punishment 66. Kleptomania - strong desire to steal
34. Melophobia - fear of music 67. Megalomania - exaggerating belief in one’s importance
35. Monophobia - fear of being alone 68. Plutomania - abnormal craving for wealth
36. Numerophobia - fear of numbers 69. Pyromania - an obsessive desire to set fire
37. Nyctophobia - fear of night 70. Squandermania-the practice of spending money extravagantly
38. Ochophobia - fear of vehicles 71. Theomania - belief that one is God
39. Ombrophobia - fear of rain 72. Zoomania - abnormal love of animals
40. Oneirophobia - fear of dreams
41. Ophidiophobia - fear of snakes -IST WORDS
42. Ornithophobia - fear of birds 73. Archeologist - studies artefacts and physical remains
43. Panophobia - fear of everything 74. Cardiologist - treats heart diseases
44. Phasmophobia - fear of ghosts 75. Dermatologist - specializes in skin problems
45. Philophobia - fear of love 76. Entomologist - studies insects
23
46. Phobophobia - fear of fear 77. Gastroenterologist - treats stomach disorders
47. Photophobia - fear of light 78. Geologist - studies the matter that constitutes the earth
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48. Plutophobia - fear of wealth 79. Gynaecologist - treats diseases specific to women
80. Herpetologist - studies reptiles and amphibians 108. Optimism- hopeful feeling that everything is going to turn out well
81. Linguist - studies languages and their structures 109. Patriotism - love of country
82. Meteorologist - studies atmosphere, weather and climate
83. Neonatologist - specializes in critical infants -CIDE WORDS
84. Nephrologist - treats kidney diseases 110. Ambicide - killing a friend
85. Neurologist - treats diseases and disorders of the nervous system 111. Filicide,Prolicide - killing of one’s son or daughter
86. Ophthalmologist - treats vision problems 112. Fratricide - killing of brothers or sisters
87. Ornithologist - studies birds 113. Genocide - killing a particular community
88. Otolaryngologist - treats the problems of ear, nose and tongue 114. Homicide - killing of other person
89. Pathologist - studies diseases 115. Hosticide - killing an enemy
90. Pulmonologist - specializes in lung problems 116. Infanticide - killing of children
91. Pyromania - an obsessive desire to set fire to things 117. Mariticide,Viricide - killing of one’s husband
92. Seismologist - studies earthquakes 118. Matricide - killing of mother
93. Sociologist - studies functioning of human society 119. Parenticide - killing one’s parents
120. Parricide - killing of one’s relation
-OGY WORDS 121. Patricide - killing of father
94. Cynology - study of dog training 122. Sororicide - killing one’s sister
95. Ecology - study of relationship between living organisms and 123. Suicide - self killing
their environment 124. Uxoricide - killing of one’s wife
96. Ichthyology - study of fish
97. Oology - study of birds eggs
98. Ornithology - study of birds Q.NO: 10 FOREIGN WORDS (1 MARK)
1. Ad hoc - created or done for a particular purpose.
-ISM WORDS 2. Ad interim - temporarily
99. Absenteeism - habitual failure to be present at work. 3. Ad nauseam - to a sickening degree because of any legal
100. Amateurism- participating in sports as a hobby rather than for 4. Ad valorem - according to the value
money 5. Adieu! - Goodbye
101. Barbarism - a brutal barbarous, savage act 6. Alias - otherwise known as
102. Criticism - a serious examination and judgement of something 7. Alibi - accused claiming his presence elsewhere at
103. Egocentrism - concern for your own interests and welfare the time of crime
104. Feminism - a doctrine that advocates equal rights for women 8. Ante meridiem - before noon
105. Heroism - exceptional courage when facing danger 9. Bandicoot - kind of rat
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106. Idealism- belief that the best possible concepts should be pursued 10. Bon homie - good-natured friendliness
107. Nationalism -the doctrine that your country’s interests are 11. Bon voyage -saying good bye
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superior 12. Bonafide - genuine
www.nammakalvi.in
13. Bons mots - witty remarks 47. Persona non grata - unacceptable person
14. Bungalow - bengal style house 48. Post-mortem - medical examination with dead body
15. Carte blanche -unlimited authority 49. Prima facie - at first sight/clear & evident
16. Catamaran - multi-hulled watercraft 50. Pro bono - done without charge
17. Coir - rope 51. Proforma - for the sake of form
18. Courant - animal represented in the act of running 52. Protégé - dependent who is helped and taught by an expert
19. De facto - actual / real 53. Quid pro quo - something for something
20. Déjà vu - present happening felt like happened in the past 54. Rapport - close relationship with good understanding
21. Elite - the best of a group / high class persons 55. Resume - a brief summary
22. En famille - as a family 56. Sans - without
23. En masse - as a whole group / all together 57. Sine die - without a fixed date
24. En route - on the way to 58. Status quo - existing condition
25. Ex gratia - a payment made as a favour 59. Sub judice - under judicial consideration
26. Ex parte - on one side 60. Tete a tete - an intimate private conversation
27. Fait accompli - established fact 61. Verandah - platform
28. Faux pas - a social blunder 62. Verbatim - using exactly the same words
29. Guru - master 63. Versus - against
30. Honoria - honour 64. Via media - a middle way or compromise between extremes
31. In camera - in private 65. Vide - with refrence to
32. In cognito - in disguise 66. Viva voce - a spoken examination
33. In memoriam - in memory of
34. In toto - totally
35. Ipso facto - by the fact itself
36. Liaison - coordination of activities
37. Lingua franca - a common language
38. Locus standi - a place or standing
39. Mala fide - with bad faith
40. Mater - mother
41. Melee - confused scuffle
42. Modus operandi - method of operating
43. Mon ami - my friend
44. Nouveau riche - person who has recently become rich /
25
acquired wealth
45. Par excellence - eminently
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46. Pari pasu - with equal pace
SENTENCE PATTERN (1 MARK) 18. He is a dentist.

1. You must speak truth always. a. SVC b. SVA c. SVO
a. SVIODO b. SVOA c. SVOC 19. We celebrate Ramzan every year.
2. He went on foot. a. SVOC b. SVOA c. SVIODO
a. SVC b. SVA c. SVO 20. I won a gold medal.
3. Japan is a mountainous country. a. SVC b. SVA c. SVO
a. SVC b. SVA c. SVO 21. His father gave him a school bag.
4. My sister is clever. a. SVOC b. SVOA c. SVIODO
a. SVC b. SVA c. SVO 22. Yesterday they chose him the leader.
5. Honey is sweet. a. ASVOC b. ASVOA c. ASVIODO
a. SVC b. SVA c. SVO 23. My father is little busy in the office.
6. They chose him the pilot. a. SVC b. SVA c. SVO
a. SVIODO b. SVCA c. SVOA 24. Where is he?
7. I met him yesterday. a. ASV b. AVS c. SVO
a. SVIODO b. SVCA c. SVOA 25. The gates were opened yesterday.
8. He is always honest. a. SVC b. SVA c. SVO
a. SVCA b. SVAC c. SVIODO 26. My teacher asked me a question.
9. Suddenly the car stopped. a. SVCA b. SVOA c. SVIODO
a. ASV b. SVA c. SVO 27. He became sad suddenly.
10. She is now a teacher in Chennai. a. SVCA b. SVOA c. SVOC
a. SVOCA b. SVACA c. SVOAC 28. I met my teacher in the market.
11. They have drunk coffee. a. SVOC b. SVOA c. SVCA
a. SVC b. SVA c. SVO 29. Children like ice cream.
12. I have written a novel. a. SVC b. SVA c. SVO
a. SVC b. SVA c. SVO 30. Gandhiji always spoke truth.
13. Reading makes him a complete man. a. SVCA b. SAVA c. SAVO
a. SVCA b. SVOC c. SVIODO 31. We bought a car yesterday.
14. They paid him a huge amount. a. SVOA b. SVOC c. SVIODOA
a. SVCA b. SVAC c. SVIODO 32. He slept for a long time last night.
15. They named the child Mohan. a. SVAC b. SVOC c. SVAA
a. SVOA b. SVAC c. SVIODO 33. My mother is going to Bangalore.
16. The pupil is brilliant. a. SVC b. SVO c. SVA
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a. SVC b. SVA c. SVO 34. Jim sent Della some foreign stamps.
17. The teacher teaches us Mathematics. a. SVOA b. SVOC c. SVIODO
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a. SVAC b. SVOA c. SVIODO
35. You shall present your views now. 19. He never fails in his duty, does he?
a. SVCOA b. SCVOA c. SVOA 20. He hardly absents himself, does he?
36. Reading made him a complete man. 21. He can use this, can’t he?
a. SVOC b. SVOA c. SVIODO
22. This lesson is easy, isn’t it?
37. He sang me a song melodiously.
a. SVOC b. SVOAC c. SVIODOA 23. I shall carry the bags for you, shan’t I?
38. He sang me a melodious song. 24. You know this story, don’t you?
a. SVIODO b. SVOA c. SVCA 25. The bus is early today, isn’t it?
39. This shoe is large. 26. There is no water in the tank, is it?
a. SVC b. SVA c. SVO 27. You can study well, can’t you?
40. He was going to school. 28. They were climbing the trees, weren’t they?
a. SVO b. SVA c. SVCA
29. The sun sets in the west, doesn’t it?
QUESTION TAG (1 MARK) 30. Students should be allowed to use the library every day, shouldn’t
1. I won’t repeat it, will I ? they?
2. Swarna cannot run fast, can she? 31. A little sugar is added, isn’t it?
3. The lessons are quite interesting, aren’t they? 32. The boys have come, haven’t they?
4. We need not come tomorrow, need we? 33. Let us go to the beach, shall we?
5. Shreya draws well, doesn’t she? 34. She studied in America, didn’t she?
6. She rarely absents herself, does she? 35. She doesn’t like sweets, does she?
7. Our team will win the match, won’t it? 36. Mr.Ranjith is a great scholar, isn’t he?
8. Let’s go for a movie, shall we? 37. You can complete this project, can’t you?
9. Plants give out oxygen during the day, don’t they? 38. Ahalya will never accept your proposal, will she?
10. The flag has four colors on it, hasn’t it? 39. Mahathi sings very well, doesn’t she?
11. You should treat each other with respect, shouldn’t you? 40. These girls sing very well, don’t they?
12. Character is influenced by surroundings, isn’t it? 41. Priya sang very well yesterday, didn’t she?
13. Please give me your pen, won’t you? 42. Please bring me a glass of water, would you?
14. I am right, ain’t I? 43. Always follow the traffic rules, would you?
15. Your sister cooks well, doesn’t she? 44. Join us for lunch tomorrow, will you?
45. Don’t ever meddle with my papers, will you?
27
16. I am not late, am I?
17. He hasn’t completed the painting, has he? 46. The young should learn to take up responsibilities, shouldn’t they?
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18. It has been raining heavily, hasn’t it? 47. The toys in the box are not new, are they?
48. Nobody has arrived yet, have they? PREPOSITION (1 MARK)

49. Everyone will attend the party, won’t they? 1. The road is filled __ rubbles.
50. The peacock is the national bird of India, isn’t it? a. With b. on c. out
2. Hang the charts __ the wall.
51. Something has gone wrong in the circuit, hasn’t it?
a. In b. on c. by
52. This is not your dad’s car, is it? 3. I do it __ force of my habit.
53. There was a pond beside the temple, wasn’t there? a. In b. by c. at
54. We rarely visit our native town, do we? 4. The cat hid __ the door.
55. A few germs can be viewed through this microscope, can’t they? a. Behind b. under c. on
56. Little do your parents know about this problem, do they? 5. The people stood __ the road to watch the procession go by.
57. Let’s all go to the beach this evening, shall we? a. Across b. along c. on
6. This is a cheque __ Rs. 1000/-
58. Neither of my friends helped me in that situation, did they?
a. Of b. for c. with
59. All of us are not eligible to apply for this course, are we? 7. He was reclining __ a chair.
60. The children are very happy today, aren’t they? a. In b. On c. at
61. You have not returned my books yet, have you? 8. We could not get help __ anyone.
62. We enjoyed the trip very much, didn’t we? a. From b. till c. in
63. Let’s clean the shelves this weekend, shall we? 9. I agree __ your proposal.
64. My mother rarely travels by bus, does she? a. To b. with c. for
10. The work will be over __ this evening.
65. Somebody must bell the cat, mustn’t they?
a. On b. by c. in
66. Anita never comes late to office, does she? 11. The ladder is placed ___ the wall.
67. I am always the winner, ain’t I? a. On b. upon c. against
68. Don’t commit this mistake again, will you? 12. They selected me for the job only __ merit.
69. Bacteria can never survive in extreme weather condition, can’t a. On b. in c. for
they? 13. We are going __a holiday next week.
a. On b. in c. for
70. Leaves wither during autumn, don’t they?
14. Ravi stayed with his uncle __ six months.
a. By b. in c. for
15. We found an isolated bungalow __ the park.
a. Along b. beside c. below
16. I have been practising __ morning.
28
a. By b. for c. since
17. My book is __ the table.
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a. On b. in c. at
www.nammakalvi.in
18. I was waiting __ you. 35. He goes to school __ 8.30 am.

a. For b. of c. to a. At b. on c. in
19. He swam __ the river. 36. We shall look __ the matter.
a. Along b. across c. among a. At b. up c. into
20. He is sitting __ me. 37. He built his hut __ the side of the lake.
a. Beside b. beyond c. along a. At b. on c. by
21. The letter was posted __ me. 38. He jumped __ the river.
a. At b. by c. with a. Into b. in c. at
22. The baby has been sleeping __ a long time. 39. He spoke __ the issues.
a. For b. since c. at a. On b. about c. in
23. My uncle visitS me __ May. 40. We go to Temple __ Fridays.
a. On b. at c. in a. In b. On c. At
24. I write a letter __ pen. 41. This pencil is __ my sister.
a. At b. by c. with a. of b. for c. to
25. I went to Chennai __ my daddy. 42. I am fond __ coffee.
a. With b. at c. On a. Of b. on c. in
26. I am sitting __ Ram and Shyam. 43. He is __ the room.
a. Among b. Beside c. Between a. In b. on c. at
27. I went __ him. 44. There is a temple __ my house.
a. On b. after c. among a. Near b. among c. at
28. He congratulated me __ my success. 45. The boy jumped into a narrow stream.
a. On b. at c. for a. Onto b. into c. at
29. He comes to school __ bicycle. 46. Afsar will meet me on Friday morning.
a. On b. by c. with a. On b. in c. at
30. I am worried __ his health. 47. The temple is near/beside the bank.
a. With b. about c. for a. Behind b. beside c. besides
31. We were __ a traffic accident. 48. My friend will meet me with his brother tomorrow.
a. At b. in c. on a. Along b. with c. by
32. My brother is __ America. 49. There is usually a garden in front of the bungalow.
a. On b. in c. at a. In front of b. within c. through
33. He came here __ night. 50. Yuvan has been studying well since childhood.
a. In b. at c. on a. For b. since c. always
29
34. Leo is having a car __ a bike. 51. A trekker climbed on a mountain meticulously.
a. Beside b. besides c. with a. In b. on c. at
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52. There was a skirmish between my brother and sister. 7. He has _a_ problem in hearing.
a. Among b. aside c. between 8. He holds _an_ M.A. degree in History.
53. The laudable thoughts were apparent among many scholars in a 9. He is _a_ Japanese.
conference.
10. He saw _a_ one eyed beggar.
a. Among b. aside c. between
54. It is easy to work under the aegis of visionary leader. 11. He switched on _the_ light.
a. under b. aside c. between 12. He was reclining on _the_ chair.
55. He is coming __ Ramnad. 13. He will be back in _an_ hour.
a. To b. from c. in 14. I am _a_ university graduate.
15. I saw _an_ elephant.
RELATIVE PRONOUN (1 MARK) 16. I tried out _an_ experiment.
1. This is the boy _who_ won the race.
17. I went to _the_ airport to catch a flight to Mumbai.
2. Show me the book _that/which_ you bought yesterday.
18. Kamala is _an_ idle girl.
3. Is there anyone _who_ can help me do this homework?
19. Karthik is _a_ famous actor.
4. That is the house _where_ I was born.
20. Kumar is _an_ Indian.
5. The wrong deeds _that_ we do more often remembered than our
21. Last week, I met _a_ European.
good ones.
22. Mum plays _the_ piano.
6. My friend _whose_ father works in Agra has come.
23. She has returned home for _a_ moment’s rest.
7. Most of the friends _whom_ she had invited came for her wedding
24. Siva gave me _a_ one rupee coin.
8. The film is about a leader _who_ led the freedom struggle.
25. The Baron was one of _the_ richest men in Europe.
9. Kumarasamy _whose_ house I live in owns most of the mills in this
26. The fort was surrounded by _the_ enemy soldiers.
town.
27. The Ganga is _an_ important holy river for the Hindus.
10. Shakespeare, _who_ lived in the 16th century, is considered to be
28. The mobile is _a_ utility item.
the greatest dramatist.
29. The uncle presented me _an_ HMT watch on my birthday.
30. This is _the_ book that I had been looking for in all the book shops.
ARTICLES (1 MARK)
1. _The_ earth revolves around the sun. 31. This is not _the_ easiest way to do it.
2. _A_ thing of beauty is a joy forever. 32. Tiger is _the_ national animal of India.
3. _An_ unexpected gift makes one happy. 33. We have holidays on _the_ tenth of this month.
34. What _an_ amazing model!
30
4. Christians consider _the_ Bible as holy book.
5. Every child jumps with joy at the sight of _an_ elephant. 35. What _a_ lovely flower!
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6. Give me _a_ second to get ready. 36. He works at _the_ university of Madras.
XII STD
MODAL AUXILIARIES (1 MARK) 30) During my teens, I would always sit for hours together before the
1) Eve-teasers _should_ be severely punished . TV.
2) A good teacher _can_ make even bore lessons interesting. 31) If you worked hard, you would pass.
3) I _would_ like to hear you play the flute. 32) Be alert, this may happen to anyone.
4) Soldiers sacrifice their life that others _may_ be happy. 33) Soldiers sacrifice their lives that others may be happy.
5) We _should_ help the needy. 34) During our trip to the states, shall we visit the Niagara Falls?
6) I _would_ swim in the river everyday when I was young. 35) The patient is very critical, but who knows he may recover.
7) No man _can_ call back yesterday. 36) Caesar’s wife must be above suspicion.
8) We _must/should_ keep the rules of the road. 37) People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
9) Students _should_ submit the record notebooks on time. 38) Give me a fish I can live for a day. Teach me to fish I can live for life.
10) People who live in glass house _should_ not throw the stone. 39) God cannot be everywhere, so he made mothers.
11) If you perform well, you _will_ win the prize. 40) It will make a man scratch where he doth not itch to see a man live
12) I hope you _could_ succeed. poor to die rich.
13) All citizens _must/should_ obey the laws of the land. 41) Thou shall not steal.
14) One _must/should_ always keep one’s promises. 42) One never knows what the future will bring.
15) You _must/should_ not pluck the flowers. 43) Law makers should not be law breakers.
16) The sky is overcast. It may rain but I don’t think it would. 44) You _need _ not read every chapter.
17) The world should avoid war. 45) I _need not_ buy a carton of milk.
18) I can smell something burning in the kitchen. It may be the meat. 46) I _used to_ swim in the river when I was young.
19) I wish you would tell me the truth. 47) We _ought to_ help the needy.
20) Visit us tomorrow. My brother will be happy to see you. 48) Students _ought to_ submit their record notebooks on time.
21) May God bless you? 49) He _used to_ play football in his college days.
22) I shall gladly do it for you. 50) You _ought to_ be ashamed of his conduct.
23) Even if you ask me not to go, I will. 51) He _used to_ read many books during his school days.
24) Army soldiers must obey the officers. 52) I _used to_ wake up at 5 o’ clock in the morning. When I was young.
25) You should be 18 to become a voter. 53) Children _ought to_ take care of their parents during their old age.
26) The world should avoid war. 54) How _dare_ you oppose the leader ?
27) May I ask you a favour? 55) How _dare_ you ask me such a question.
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28) If you visit us, we will be happy. 56) My grandmother _used to_ tell me bed time stories when I was
29) Don’t worry. This may happen to anyone.
Page
young.
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WWW - Nammakalvi.in: Abbreviation / Acronym (1 Mark)

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Namma Kalvi

ABBREVIATION / ACRONYM (1 MARK) 34. C - Celcius

IDIOMS (1 MARK) 34. By and by - as time goes by

104. Stand for - to represent a particular idea COMPOUND WORDS (1 MARK)

Hard working I. FORM PLURAL WORDS BY ADDING ‘S’

AFFIXES (1 MARK) 9. Fair ness Fairness

21. Homeless - on the streets AMERICAN TO BRITISH ENGLISH (1 MARK)

34. Cheque - Check 69. Fire brigade - Fire department

104. Kilometre - Kilometer 139. Public school - Private school

174. Vest - Undershirt 25. Cremated + Remains = Cremains

60. International + Network = Internet 95. Technology + Wizard = Techno-wizard.

17. Canterbury gallop - canter 52. Gymnasium - gym

87. Pantaloons - pants 122. Submarine - sub

14. Astraphobia - fear of thunder 49. Psychophobia - fear of mind

SENTENCE PATTERN (1 MARK) 18. He is a dentist.

48. Nobody has arrived yet, have they? PREPOSITION (1 MARK)

18. I was waiting you. 35. He goes to school 8.30 am.

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