Pâpu`abqudd Maoârbdffd Jâeinrmtbqud dt Xipuambrd

Pâpu`abqu
Ebfbstërd jd a‒Dfsdbofdedft ^upârbdur
dt jd am Pdnkdrnkd ^nbdftbgbqud

 
Tfbvdrsbtâ Dnkmkbj Kmeem Amckjmr Da-Iudj
Gmnuatâ jd Zdnkfiaiobd 

Eâeibrd jd Gbf j‒Âtujd 

Df vud jd a‒i`tdftbif ju jbpaúed jd 
EM^ZDP MNMJDEB]TD 
Jiembfd < ^nbdfnds dt Zdnkfiaiobd
Gbabërd < Zâaânieeufbnmtbif

^pânbmabtâ < ^ystëeds jd Zâaânieeufbnmtbif 

Zâaânieeufbnmtbif

Zkëed 

Dtujd jd emssbvd EBEI piur 4O 

Pâmabsâ pmr <

•
  JMNB Cmiutmr
•   JIT _mrjm
^iutdfu df lubf 08=2 jdvmft ad lury niepisâ jd <

Er. NKDE^M Mab Embtrd jd nifgârdfnds "M" Xrâsbjdft

Er. OKDFJBP ^méj Embtrd jd nifgârdfnds "@" Dxmebfmtdur
Er. CKDABA M`jdaamtbg Embtrd jd nifgârdfnds "@" Dxmebfmtdur
Er. MLOIT Pbmjk Embtrd jd nifgârdfnds "M" Pmppirtdur 

ffâd Tfbvdrsbtmbrd  < 08=;/08=2 

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬ؾل‪ ‬د ‪‬ينؽ‪‬ه ‪‬ينؽ ‪ ‬إ‬

 

Pdedrnbdedfts

Ziut j‒m`irj, tiut rdedrnbdedft dt aiumfod è fitrd Jbdu hMAAMK‒ ad

Ziut-pubssmft jd fius mvibr jiffâ ad niurmod, am viaiftâ dt am pmtbdfnd
jd edfdr è tdred nd prâsdft trmvmba.

Nd trmvmba m âtâ dggdntuâ sius a‒dfnmjrdedft jd Jr. MLOIT Pbmjk, è qub

fius viujrifs tâeibofdr tiutd fitrd rdniffmbssmfnd, piur fius mvibr
gmbt `âfâgbnbdr jd sds niepâtdfnds snbdftbgbquds

Fius rdedrnbifs vbvdedft fis gmebaads JMNB dt JIT piur adur mbjd

eirmad dt emtârbdaad jurmft tiutd am pârbijd jd prâpmrmtbif.

Fius tdfifs è rdedrnbdr mussb tius ads dfsdbofmfts qub ift niftrb`uâ è
fitrd giremtbif mu jâpmrtdedft jd Zdnkfiaiobd.

t rës nkmadurdusdedft Er. ^ITMADK @mjr

Fius tdfifs è rdedrnbdr trës
Djjbfd, jd fius mvibr mbjâ jd sif nitâ

Tf ormfj edrnb dst mjrdssâ mux dxmebfmtdurs Jr. NKDE^M MAB

 MAB dt Jr.
OKDFJBP ^MBJ dt Jr. CKDABA M@JDAAMZBG piur fius kifirdr 
j‒mvibr mnndptâ am adnturd dt a‒âvmaumtbif jd nd eijdstd trmvmba.

Gbfmadedft, fius mjrdssifs ads paus vbgs rdedrnbdedfts è tiutds

ti utds ads
pdrsiffds qub fius ift mbjâs jd prës iu jd aibf jd a‒âam`irmtbif jd nnd
d

eijdstd eâeibrd.
 

âjbnmnd
 

 È eds pmrdfts,

 È em gmebaad,

 È eds mebs.

Cmiutmr  
 

‫د‬
‫د ن‬ 

‫د‬
‫د ن‬   
  ً   ‫ج‬‫د‬
‫د‬    
‫خخ‬  ‫د‬      ‫ه‬ ‫خخ‬   ‫ه‬      ‫د‬‫د‬   ‫ي‬  
‫دد‬
‫ئ‬ ‫ خ‬  ‫دطز‬‫د‬
  ‫د‬  
‫دد‬  ‫د‬  ‫آ‬‫أ‬
‫أ‬  ‫ خخ‬..  ‫ق‬    ‫ش‬‫غ‬ ‫خغ‬  
‫غ‬‫غ‬
‫ؽؽ‬  ً   ً    ‫د‬‫ ظظ‬    
             ‫دد‬  ‫ؽـ‬  ‫د‬‫د‬   )‫ه‬
‫غ‬‫(غ‬
‫ة‬‫د‬
‫د‬  
‫ خخ‬    ‫ةؽث‬  ‫ؽ‬‫خ‬‫خ‬  ‫د‬‫ د‬  ‫ء‬‫د‬‫د‬
‫د‬    ‫ه‬    ‫ل‬‫د‬
‫د‬    ‫خخ‬  
‫ق‬‫ؾ‬‫ ؾ‬   ‫إ‬  
‫ؾ‬‫ خؾ‬     ‫ ؽؽ‬  ‫خئ‬    ‫د‬     ‫ؼ‬  ‫د‬‫د‬
   
‫خئئ‬   ‫خخ‬  ‫ق‬‫خ‬‫خ‬  ً   .‫آ‬‫ئ‬‫ د‬  
‫دد‬   ‫دد‬    ً      ‫ه‬   ‫آ‬
  
‫خخ‬ ‫ه‬      ‫ذدد‬   ‫ؠؠ‬ً   
‫دد‬ 
‫ؤؤ‬ ‫ؽ‬ 
‫ق‬ً   
‫ؤؤ‬  ‫ق‬  
‫دد‬  
‫خخ‬  ‫آ‬‫د‬
‫د‬      ‫غ‬ ‫غ‬    
‫ دد‬ .  
 
‫دد‬‫ خئ‬  
‫ؤئئ‬  ‫ق‬‫خ‬‫خ‬  ‫ ةه‬  ‫ؽث‬      ‫د‬‫ظئ‬  
‫ةة‬ ‫دا‬‫د‬‫د‬  ً   
‫دد‬
‫دد‬  
‫ةة‬
.

    
‫ؿؿ‬  ‫ؽ‬‫د‬ ‫اا‬ً
‫د‬    
ً  )‫آ‬‫ذ‬ ‫ ؤؤ‬.ً  .‫د‬
‫ ذ‬.‫آ‬ .‫ه‬ ‫ (د‬ ‫ ؽؽ‬   ‫ق‬‫خخ‬ ً
‫ةؽؽ‬ ‫ج‬
.
‫دد‬     ‫ خ‬   
‫ؾ‬
‫ؾ‬ 

‫آ‬‫د‬
‫د‬      
‫ ذذ‬  ‫ج‬
‫دد‬        ‫دد‬  
‫دد‬    ‫دئ‬
 .
‫ؾ‬
‫ؾ‬  ‫ذذ‬ ‫ق‬‫خخ‬ ً   ً  ‫ق‬ )‫ةدؾ‬ ‫أ‬(
‫ دد‬  ‫ؽدؾ‬‫د‬‫د‬  

‫ط‬ ‫ؽةآ‬
 

 ‫و‬‫ؾ‬‫د‬  ‫و‬  ‫ و و‬ ‫ ة و و خ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ز‬‫خ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬  

‫و‬  ‫و‬
‫و‬‫ث‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬  ‫ و‬ ‫ئ‬‫دد‬ ‫و‬   ‫ و و و و‬ 
‫د‬
  ‫د‬ ‫ث‬
‫ث‬‫و‬‫ دؾو‬ ‫و‬‫ؤ‬  ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫إ‬‫د‬ ‫خةج‬ < ‫ش‬ ‫ ئ‬ ‫ ل‬

‫و‬   ‫ و‬ ٌ  ‫ج‬‫و‬  ‫و‬‫و ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ث‬  ‫و‬‫ د‬ ‫و‬

‫ و‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬
‫دد‬  ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬
‫د‬ ‫ج‬‫و‬  ‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫و‬   ‫و‬‫ؤ‬   ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ؿ‬  ‫خـ و و و و و‬

‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ و و و و و و‬‫ؾ‬‫ د‬ ‫و‬‫و ز‬‫د‬

‫ د‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ثث‬  ‫ و و‬ ‫د‬
‫د‬ )‫ؽء‬  ‫د‬
‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ و‬  ‫دي‬‫و‬‫ دد‬‫ث و‬( emssbg EBEI   ‫خ‬
‫خ‬

. ‫و‬ ‫و‬  

‫و و و وو‬
‫دد‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬
‫د‬  ‫ و و و و‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ و و و‬ ‫و‬
‫غ و‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ؾ‬  ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬  ‫ و و‬‫و دد‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫و ؾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫إئ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ د د‬ ‫ و و و و و و‬‫د‬
‫دل‬ ‫دؾو‬  ‫يو‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ؿ‬ ‫ؿ‬‫د‬ ‫آ‬ ‫و‬‫و‬‫د‬
‫د‬  ‫و‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬‫خةي‬  ‫و‬‫دد‬ ‫ج‬‫إئوو‬‫دد‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ و و و‬ ‫ و و‬   ‫ة دؽ و و‬ ‫و‬  ‫و‬‫غ‬ ‫دد‬  ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬  ‫ و و و و‬ ‫د‬

.     
 ‫ د‬EBEI ‫ و و و و‬

. ‫ؿ‬
‫ؿ‬‫د‬ ‫آ‬ 
‫ دد‬   
 ‫ د‬EBEI ‫ئدلؾ‬ ‫ءي‬   ‫لإلي‬ ‫غثآ‬ < ‫إ‬ٌ ‫يل‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ل‬

Pâsueâ < Ad `dsibf j‒mnnudbaabr paus j‒utbabsmtdurs è jds jâ`bts jd jiffâds paus âadvâs

mvdn ufd edbaadurd gbm`babtâ tiut df nifsieemft eibfs j‒âfdrobd m bepisâ am

fmbssmfnd j‒ufd fiuvdaad oâfârmtbif jd nieeufbnmtbif ei`bad am 4O `msmft, pmreb

mutrd, sur am tdnkfbqud EBEI (euatb-bfput, euatb-iutput) emssbg, ndttd tdnkfbqud dst
mppuyâd sur ad `âfâgbnbdr jd trmldt euatbpad piur meâabirdr am nmpmnbtâ jd systëed. Daad
nifvbdft fitmeedft è am tdnkfiaiobd jds ifjds ebaabeâtrbquds. A'i`ldntbg jd nd prildt
dst j'âtujbdr dt sbeuadr a‒meâabirmtbif mppirtmbt è a‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad pmr a‒utbabsmtbif
jd ndttd tdnkfiaiobd jd EBEI emssbg.

Pâsueâ

Eits naâs < Pâsdmu ei`bad 3 4O 3 EBEI emssbg 3 dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad.  

M`strmnt< Zkd fddj ti mnnieeijmtd eird usdrs mt kbokdr jmtm rmtds wbtk `dttdr

rdabm`babty wkbad nifsuebfo adss piwdr kms girndj tkd `brtk ig m fdw odfdrmtbif ig 4O
ei`bad nieeufbnmtbif `msdj, meifo itkdr tkbfos, if tkd tdnkfbnma EBEI (euatb-
bfput, euatb-iutput) emssbvd, tkbs tdnkfbqud bs rdabdj if euatbpmtk `dfdgbt ti dfkmfnd
systde nmpm`babty. Bt bs pmrtbnuamray subtm`ad gir ebaabedtdr wmvd tdnkfiaioy. Zkd
i`ldntbvd ig tkbs prildnt bs ti stujy mfj sbeuamtd tkd beprivdedft `riuokt ti tkd
spdntrma dggbnbdfny `y tkd usd ig tkbs emssbvd EBEI tdnkfiaioy. 

Cdywirjs< Ei`bad fdtwirc3 4O3 emssbvd EBEI3 spdntrma dggbnbdfny. 

BW
 

Zm`ad
Zm`ad jds
j ds emtbërds

Pâsueâ ...........................................
..................................................................
............................................
............................................
.................................
.......... BW 
Zm`ad jds emtbërds ..............................
....................................................
.............................................
.............................................
.............................
....... W 
Abstd jds gbourds ............................................
...................................................................
.............................................
......................................
................WBB 

Abstds jds mnrifyeds dt m`râvbmtbifs .........................................

...............................................................
................................
..........B[  
Bftrijuntbif oâfârmad .........................................
...............................................................
............................................
...................................... = 
................ = 
= 
Nkmpbtrd =  Am 4O jd râsdmu ei`bad .................................................
....................................................................... 0 
........................ 0 
=.=  Bftrijuntbif ............................................
...................................................................
............................................
.....................................
................ 0 
=.0  Dviautbif jd nieeufbnmtbifs ei`bads ...............................
......................................................
...............................
........ 0 
=.>  Pâsdmux ndaauambrds ............................................
..................................................................
............................................
...........................
..... : 
=.:  Mppabnmtbifs vbsâds piur ad râsdmu jd 4O .......................................
..........................................................
................... 4 
=.4  I`ldntbgs jd am 4O..........................................
.................................................................
.............................................
..............................
........ 7 
=.7  4O < Fdw Pmjbi ..........................................
...............................................................
............................................
...................................
............ ? 
=.7.=  ^nâfmrbis jd jâpaibdedft
jâpaibdedft jd FP .............................
....................................................
...................................
............ ? 
=.7.0   Fueâriaiobds .........................................
...............................................................
.............................................
...............................
........ 2 
=.7.>  ^trunturd jd trmed ..................................
........................................................
.............................................
.............................
...... =8 
=.7.:   FP Pdsiurnd @ainc
@ainc ....................................
.........................................................
............................................
........................... == 
=.7.4  @mfjd pmssmftd ju nmfma FP ............................................
...................................................................
........................... =0 
=.?  Nifnausbif..........................................
.................................................................
.............................................
.......................................
................. =0 
0 
Nkmpbtrd 0  Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg .....................................................
........................................................... => 
...... => 
0.=  Bftrijuntbif ............................................
...................................................................
............................................
...................................
.............. => 
0.0  EBEI trmjbtbiffda ........................................
..............................................................
.............................................
.............................
...... => 
0.>  Xrbfnbpds ju EBEI...........................................
.................................................................
............................................
.........................
... =: 
0.:  Zypds jd EBEI ............................................
...................................................................
.............................................
............................
...... =: 
0.:.=  EBEI „  ^B^I ...........................................
.................................................................
............................................
.........................
... =4 
0.:.0  EBEI „  ^BEI ..........................................
................................................................
............................................
.........................
... =4  
0.:.>  EBEI „  EB^I ..........................................
................................................................
............................................
.........................
... =7  
0.:.:  EBEI „  EBEI ................................................
.......................................................................
........................................
................. =? 
0.4  Emssbvd EBEI ..........................................
...............................................................
............................................
.................................
.......... 08  
0.4.=  @dmegirebfo .........................................
...............................................................
.............................................
.............................
...... 08 
0.4.0  ET-EBEI ............................................
...................................................................
.............................................
............................
...... 0= 
0.7  Nmrmntârbstbquds jd Emssbvd EBEI............................................
.................................................................
..................... 0= 
0.7.=  A'âviautbvbtâ ...........................................
..................................................................
.............................................
............................
...... 0= 
0.7.0  Emssbvd EBEI
E BEI prâgërd ZJJ ^nkded..................................................................
.................................
......... 00 
0.7.>  Ad râsdmu j'mftdffds fd jibt pms ìtrd pkysbqudedft ormfj ...................... 0> 

W
 

0.7.:  Emssbvd EBEI iggrd ufd pripmomtbif gmvirm`ad ...............................

.....................................
...... 0> 
0.?  Mvmftmods
Mvmftmods jds systëeds Emssbvd EBEI ....................
..........................................
....................................
.............. 0> 
0.;  Zypds Emssbvd EBEI ..........................................
...............................................................
...........................................
...................... 0> 
0.;.=  ^bfoad-Tsdr EBEI ........................................
.............................................................
...........................................
...................... 0> 
0.;.0  Euatb-Tsdr Emssbvd EBEI .................................................
......................................................................
..................... 0: 
0.;.>  ET- Emssbvd EBEI mvdn Euatb-Ndaa snâfmrbi..........................
snâfmrbi........................................
.............. 04 
0.;.:  EBEI emssbg jbstrb`uâd ....................................
..........................................................
.......................................
................. 07 
0.2  Niepmrmbsif dftrd EBEI trmjbtbiffda dt EBEI emssbg .............................
................................
... 0? 
0.=8  Eijëad ju systëed............................................
..................................................................
............................................
.........................
... 0? 
0.==  Zdnkfbquds jd prâ-nijmod abfâmbrd ..........................................
.................................................................
........................... 0; 
0.==.=  ^WJ ............................................
...................................................................
.............................................
.......................................
................. 02 
0.==.0  EP ...........................................
.................................................................
............................................
...........................................
..................... 02 
0.==.>  \G ............................................
...................................................................
.............................................
...........................................
..................... >8 
0.==.:  P\G/EE^D ...........................................
..................................................................
.............................................
............................
...... >8 
0.=0  Jâgbs jd Emssbvd EBEI ...........................................
.................................................................
.......................................
................. >8 
0.=>  Dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad (^D) ............................
..................................................
..............................................
.................................
......... >= 
0.=:  Nifnausbif..........................................
.................................................................
.............................................
.......................................
................. >0 
> 
Nkmpbtrd >  ^beuamtbif dt râsuatmt .......................................
............................................................
................................... >> 
.............. >> 
>.=  Bftrijuntbif ............................................
...................................................................
............................................
...................................
.............. >> 
>.0  Meâabirmtbif jd ^FP .................................
......................................................
.............................................
.................................
......... >> 
>.>  Nmpmnbtâ jd nmfma...........................................
..................................................................
.............................................
............................
...... >:  
>.:  ZJJ dt GJJ...........................................
..................................................................
............................................
...................................
.............. >4 
>.4  Xrâ-nijmo
Xrâ-nijmodd ..........................................
.................................................................
.............................................
.......................................
................. >7 
>.4.=  Abmbsif eiftmftd (TA)...........................................
.................................................................
...................................
............. >7 
>.4.0  Abmbsif jdsndfjmftd (JA) ......................................
...........................................................
...................................
.............. >? 
>.7  Pâutbabsmtbif ju pbaitd .....................................................
.............................................................................
.................................
......... >; 
>.?  Iptbebsmtbif jd ^D df gifntbif jd E dt C ......................................................
...................................................... >2 
>.;  Nifnausbif..........................................
.................................................................
.............................................
.......................................
................. :8 
Nifnausbif oâfârmad .......................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................
......................... :=  
.. :=
@b`abiormpkbd ...........................................
...................................................................
.............................................
............................................
......................... :0  
.. :0

WB
 

Abstd
Abst d jds gbourds

Nkmpbtrd 8=

Gbourd =.=< Âviautbif jds râsdmux ei`bads   > 

Gbourd =.0 < Tf râsdmu ndaauambrd jd `msd  :

Gbourd =.>< Mppabnmtbifs jd am 4O  7 
Gbourd =.: < ^nâfmrbis jd jâpaibdedft jd FP   ; 
Gbourd =.4 < Iromfbsmtbif jds trmeds jmfs am 4O-FP   =8 
Gbourd =.7 < Aifo
Aifoudur
udur jds saits piur nkmqud fueâriaiobd  == 
Gbourd =.? < Fueâriaiobd - Dspmndedft
Dspmndedft jds sius-pirtdusds  == 
Gbourd =.; < Nmfma 4O-FP   =0

Nkmpbtrd 80

Gbourd 0.=< ^B^I - ^bfoad Bfput ^bfoad Iutput  =4 

Gbourd 0.0< ^BEI - ^bfoad Bfput Euatbpad Iutput   =7 
Gbourd 0.>< EB^I - Euatbpad Bfput ^bfoad Iutput   =7 
Gbourd 0.: < EBEI- Euatbpad Bfput Euatbpad Iutput  =? 
Gbourd 0.4 < Tfd baaustrmtbif jd EBEI emssbvd 08 
Gbourd 0.7< ^ystëed Emssbvd EBEI df trmfsebssbif euatb-utbabsmtdurs  
^ystëed 0= 
Gbourd 0.? < Am niftrmbftd jd E dt C sur ZJJ dt GJJ piur uf systëed EBEI
00 
emssbg. 
Gbourd 0.; < ^bfoad-Tsdr Emssbvd EBEI  0: 

Gbourd 0.2 < ^ystëed ET-EBEI emssbg. E-mftdffds jd @^ jdssdrt C sbepad 04 
mftdffd TZ

Gbourd 0.=8 < Am @^ jmfs am a-bëed ndaauad dt ad c-bëed TZ jmfs am l-bëed ndaauad  07 

Gbourd 0.== < Ad eijëad ju systëed EBEI emssbg   0? 

Gbourd 0.=0 < Ads jâgbs jd Emssbvd EBEI   >=

Gbourd 0.=> < @ainc jd nikârdfnd  >0

WBB
 

Nkmpbtrd 8>

Gbourd >.= < @DP df gifntbif jd ^FP piur jbggârdftd typd jd EBEI >>

Gbourd >.0 < Nmpmnbtâ ju nmfma df gifntbif jd ^FP piur jbggârdftd E >:

Gbourd >.> < A‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrma sur am abmbsif jdsndfjmftd df gifntbif jd

>4 
fie`rd j‒mftdffds E jd @^ pmr jbggârdftds tdnkfbquds jd trmfsebssbif

Gbourd >.: < A‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad jd abmbsif eiftmftd df gifntbif jd fie`rd >7 

j‒mftdffds E jd @^ piur jds jbggârdfts  prâ-nijmods

Gbourd >.4 < A‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad jd abmbsif jdsndfjmftd df gifntbif jd fie`rd

>?
j‒mftdffds E jd @^ piur jds jbggârdfts prâ-nijmods
prâ-nijmods
Gbourd >.7 < A‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrma df gifntbif jd fie`rd j‒utbabsmtdurs, mvdn
>;
jbggârdfts gmntdurs jd râutbabsmtbif pbaitds. Xiur ^FP 58j@ dt ^FP508j@
Gbourd >.? < A‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad df gifntbif jd fie`rd j‒mftdffds E jd @^ dt
>2
ad fie`rd j'utbabsmtdurs iptbema piur uf ^D ad paus âadvâ .

WBBB
 

Abstds jds mnrifyeds dt m`râvbmtbifs

>OXX >rjOdfdrmtbif Xmrtfdrskbp Xrildnt

4O Nbfqubëed Oâfârmtbif
M_OF Mjjbtbvd _kbtd Omussbmf Fibsd

@DP @bt Drrir Pmtd

@^ @msd ^tmtbif
NJEM Nijd Jbvbsbif Euatbpad Mnndss
NX Nynabn Xrdgbx
N^B Nkmffda ^tmtd Bfgiremtbif
JA Jiwfabfc
JiG Jdordds ig Grddjie
DD Dfdroy Dg﬍nbdfny

dF@ dviavdj Fijd @

DXN Dviavdj Xmncdt Nird
GJJ Grdqudfny -Jbvbsbif Jupadx
oF@ Fdxt Odfdrmtbif Fijd@
O^E Oai`ma ^ystde gir Ei`bad Nieeufbnmtbifs
BDDD Bfstbtutd ig Dadntrbnma mfj Dadntrifbns Dfobfddrs
BiZ Bftdrfdt Ig Zkbfos
AZD Aifo Zdre Dviautbif
AZD-M Aifo Zdre Dviautbif-Mjvmfndj

EBEI Euatb Bfput Euatb Iutput

EB^I Euatb Bfput ^bfoad Iutput
E-EE^D Euatbndaa Ebfbeue Edmf-^qumrdj Drrir
EP Emxbeue Pmtbi
ET-EBEI
ET-EBEI Euatb-Tsdr EBEI
 FGGZ Fif-dqubspmndj G
Gmst
mst Giurbdr Zrmfsgire
 FOEF Fdxt Odfdrmtbif E
Ei`bad
i`bad Fdtwircs
 FIEM Fif-Irtkio
Fif-Irtkioifma
ifma Euatbpad Mnndss
 FP Fdw Pmjbi
IGJE Irtkioifma Grdqudfny-Jbvbsbif Euatbpadxbfo

B[
 

P@ Pdsiurnd @ainc
PG Pmjbi Grdqudfny
P\G Pdouamrbzdj \dri-Girnbfo
^D ^pdntrma Dggbnbdfny
^BEI ^bfoad Bfput Euatb Iutput

^B^I ^bfoad Bfput ^bfoad Iutput

^E^ ^kirt Edssmod ^drvbnd
^FP ^bofma-ti-Fibsd Pmtbi
^T-EBEI ^bfoad Tsdr EBEI
^WJ ^bfouamr Wmaud Jdniepisbtbif
ZJJ Zbed-Jbvbsbif Jupadx
TA Tp Abfc
TZ Tsdr Zdrebfma
_AMF _brdadss Ainma Mrdm Fdtwirc
\G \dri Girnbfo

[
 

Bftrijuntbif oâfârmad

Ad jâvdaippdedft
jâvdaippdedft rmpbjd jd am tdnkfiaiobd
t dnkfiaiobd jd nieeufbnmtbif smfs gba m dftrmæfâ

ufd muoedftmtbif dxpaisbvd ju fie`rd j'utbabsmtdurs ei`bads. Am prâvmadfnd jds

mppmrdbas bftdaabodfts nifjubt è am nribssmfnd dxpaisbvd jds dxbodfnds df emtbërd jd
nieeufbnmtbif fueârbqud smfs gba. @bdf qud ads fiuvdaads tdnkfiaiobds tdaads qud am
eijuamtbif è pdtbtd ndaauad dt è irjrd âadvâ pubssdft meâabirdr a'dggbnmnbtâ jd am grâqudfnd
jmfs ufd ndrtmbfd edsurd, daads fd pduvdft
pduvdft tiuliurs pms smtbsgmbrd mux dxbodfnds. Am
tdnkfiaiobd emssbvd
emssbvd dftrâd euatbpads dt sirtbds euatbpads
euat bpads (EBEI) dst uf suldt bepirtmft
dt j'mntumabtâ, amrodedft eitbvâ pmr ads dxbodfnds jds nieeufbnmtbifs smfs gba jd
nbfqubëed oâfârmtbif (4O) iu guturds. Ba dxbstd tribs tdnkfbquds naâs piur ads
nieeufbnmtbifs 4O ju pibft jd vud jd am nmpmnbtâ ju systëed < am tdnkfbqud emssbvd

EBEI dst j'm`irj mjiptâd piur meâabirdr ad ^D jd systëed 3 ads rdssiurnds spdntrmads
df ifjds ebaabeâtrbquds sift utbabsâds piur âtdfjrd am `mfjd pmssmftd ju systëed
systëed 3 dt jds
râsdmux euatbniunkds dt uatrm-jdfsds sift jâpaiyâs piur muoedftdr am râutbabsmtbif
spdntrmad oâiormpkbqud. Ads systëeds utbabsmft jds râsdmux j'mftdffds emssbgs piur
jdssdrvbr pausbdurs utbabsmtdurs sift mppdaâs systëeds jd nieeufbnmtbif EBEI emssbgs.
Bas sift nmpm`ads jd nie`mttrd a‒mttâfumtbif jds sbofmux ebaabeâtrbquds, jd giurfbr ad
 `mnckmua smfs gba dt jd supprbedr ads bftdrgârdfnds jmfs ads râsdmux euatbniunkds dt paus
jdfsds. Xmr nifsâqudft, nd eâeibrd sd nifndftrd sur am
a m tdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbvd mgbf
jd giurfbr am edbaadurd
edba adurd dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad piur jds nifndptbifs jd sys
systëed
tëed prmtbquds. Ba

dst strunturâ mutiur jd tribs nkmpbtrds <

Ad prdebdr nkmpbtrd prâsdftd a‒âviautbif jds râsdmux jd nieeufbnmtbif ei`bad dt am
fândssbtâ jd pmssdr è am nbfqubëed oâfârmtbif.

Mprës mvibr eiftrâ am eijbgbnmtbif mppirtâd pmr am 4O Fdw Pmjbi (FP) mux
systëeds jd tâaânieeufbnmtbif 3 fius nifsmnrifs ad jduxbëed nkmpbtrd è a‒âtujd jd am
tdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg pmssmft pmr am prâsdftmtbif jd EBEI trmjbtbiffda.

Ad tribsbëed nkmpbtrd pripisd ufd mfmaysd ormpkbqud sur a‒bepmnt jds pmrmeëtrds
ju systëed sur a‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad jd nd jdrfbdr.  Dfgbf, mvdn ufd nifnausbif oâfârmad

dt pdrspdntbvd if tdrebfd fitrd trmvmba. 

=
 

Nkmpbtrd Am 4O jd râsdmu ei`bad

=.= Bftrijuntbif
Ad râsdmu ei`bad dst ufd tdnkfiaiobd smfs gba nmpm`ad jd giurfbr uf râsdmu vinma dt /
iu jd jiffâds pmr trmfsebssbif rmjbi. Ad tâaâpkifd ei`bad dst a‒ufd jds mp pabnmtbifs ads
 paus niffuds ju râsdmu ei`bad. Mupmrmvmft,
Mupmrmvmft, am nieeutmtbif
nieeutmtbif jd nbrnubt âtmbt
âtmbt utbabsâd piur
trmfsedttrd am vibx sur uf râsdmu, pubs fius mvifs utbabsâ è am gibs am nieeutmtbif jd
nbrnubt dt am nieeutmtbif jd pmqudts piur am vibx dt ads jiffâds. Mntudaadedft, am
nieeutmtbif jd pmqudts dst ufbqudedft utbabsâd. N'dst mbfsb qud ad spdntrd dst pmssâ jd
=O è :O. Muliurj'kub dt jmfs ads mffâds è vdfbr, ads râsdmux smfs gba jibvdft ìtrd
meâabirâs piur râpifjrd è am jdemfjd j'muoedftmtbif ju jâ`bt jd jiffâds, jd
a'meâabirmtbif jd am nmpmnbtâ, jd am râjuntbif ju tdeps jd amtdfnd dt jd am qumabtâ jd
sdrvbnd. Fius sieeds jmfs am :ëed oâfârmtbif jd nieeufbnmtbif smfs gba, jds
rdnkdrnkds sift edfâds mntudaadedft piur jâvdaippdr jd fiuvdaads fireds piur am
 prinkmbfd oâfârmtbif mu-jdaè jd am :O, Mvdn am jdemfjd nribssmftd jds m`iffâs, am :O
sdrm jâgbfbtbvdedft rdepamnâd pmr am 4O è a'mbjd
a 'mbjd jd tdnkfiaiobds jd pibftd. Nd nkmpbtrd m
 piur `ut jd jânrbrd ad niftdxtd jds mppabnmtbifs ei`bads dt jds prbfnbpmux dfldux
mssinbâs mgbf jd prâsdftdr a‒mrrbvâd jd am nbfqubëed oâfârmtbif.

=.0 Dviautbif jd nieeufbnmtbifs ei`bads

Df sduadedft 08 mfs, ads râsdmux jd tâaâpkifbd ei`bad ift su`b ufd
trmfsgiremtbif prigifjd df pmssmft jd am jduxbëed oâfârmtbif (0O) (nieeufbnmtbif
vinmad), è am tribsbëed oâfârmtbif (>O) (nieeufbnmtbif vinmad dt trmfsgdrt jd jiffâds),
 pubs è am qumtrbëed oâfârmtbif (:O) (nieeufbnmtbif dt trmfsgdrt kmut jâ`bt). Df dggdt,
j'uf tâaâpkifd nifïu è a'irbobfd piur dggdntudr ufd nifvdrsmtbif vinmad dftrd jdux
utbabsmtdurs smfs giurfbr munuf mutrd sdrvbnd qud ad sbepad dfvib/rândptbif jd edssmods
tdxtds, ad ^emrtpkifd eijdrfd dst jdvdfu muliurj'kub uf vârbtm`ad ndftrd jd jiffâds
 pirtmtbg jiffmft mnnës è ufd euatbtujd jd sdrvbnds dt j'mppabnmtbifs (mppmrdba pkiti,
fmvbomtdur bftdrfdt, ldux…). Ndttd oâfârmabsmtbif jds mnnës bftdrfdt vbm ad ^emrtpkifd dt
a‒mrrbvâd jds mppdas vbjâi, piussdft piur uf jâ`bt jd jiffâds dfnird paus nifsâqudftS=U 

0
 

Nkmpbtrd B ei`bad  
Am 4O jd râsdmu ei`bad 

 Gbourd =.=. Âviautbif jds râsdmux ei`bads

Jdpubs =2?2 mvdn ad jâpaibdedft jd am prdebërd oâfârmtbif (=O) jd râsdmux smfs

gba, prbfnbpmadedft mfmaiobqud, ufd fiuvdaad tdnkfiaiobd dst fâd tius ads =8 mfs (Gbourd

=.=). Am jduxbëed oâfârmtbif (0O) jd râsdmux ei`bads dt ad pmssmod mu fueârbqud mvdn

am nrâmtbif ju stmfjmrj O^E ift bftrijubt jd fiuvdmux sdrvbnds jd trmfsgdrt jd jiffâds
nieed ads ^E^ (^kirt Edssmod ^drvbnd). Fâmfeibfs, am 0O fd piuvmbt pms dfnird
râpifjrd è am jdemfjd j'mnnës è bftdrfdt jdpubs ads tâaâpkifds pirtm`ads. Ndnb m eitbvâ
ad jâvdaippdedft jd am >Oqub dst mrrbvâd sur ad emrnkâ df 088= mvdn ads prdebdrs
^emrtpkifds. Xubs df 0882, jds jâ`bts jd trmfsgdrts jd jiffâds `dmuniup paus
bepirtmfts qud ndux jd am >O ift pu ìtrd mttdbfts mvdn am jâgbfbtbif jd am :O pdredttmft
ads mppdas vbjâi dt ad trmfsgdrt jd gbnkbdrs `dmuniup paus viauebfdux. Ndpdfjmft, ad
râsdmu :O fd pdut pms râpifjrd è am jdemfjd nribssmftd ju fie`rd j'i`ldts niffdntâs.

N'dst piurquib a'bfjustrbd ju tâaâpkifd ei`bad m nkibsb jd jâvdaippdr ad râsdmu jd

nbfqubëed oâfârmtbif (4O) piur giurfbr ufd siautbif tdnkfbqud mu pri`aëed qud
rdfniftrd am :O muliurj'kub.

Ad nifndpt jd 4O rdoriupd è am gibs ufd âviautbif jds râsdmux ei`bads dxbstmfts

 piur smtbsgmbrd ads guturds jdemfjds df trmfsgdrt jd jiffâds, embs mussb ufd râviautbif
mvdn am nrâmtbif j'ufd fiuvdaad tdnkfiaiobd jd nieeufbnmtbif paus
pa us niepâtbtbvd, n'dst-è-
jbrd uf râsdmu qub sdrm paus dggbnmnd
dggb nmnd dt eibfs nkdr. S=U 

>
 

Nkmpbtrd B ei`bad  
Am 4O jd râsdmu ei`bad 

=.> Pâsdmux ndaauambrds 
Jmfs ads râsdmux ndaauambrds iu paus oâfârmadedft ei`bads, ads tdrebfmux jds
utbabsmtdurs sbtuâs jmfs ufd zifd oâiormpkbqud jiffâd sift jdssdrvbs pmr pausbdurs
stmtbifs jd `msd Nkmqud stmtbif jd `msd jdssdrt sbeuatmfâedft uf ndrtmbf fie`rd jd
tdrebfmux sbtuâs jmfs am zifd jd niuvdrturd jd am stmtbif jd `msd, nieed baaustrâ è am
gbourd =.0. Tfd tdaad zifd jd niuvdrturd dst mppdaâd ndaauad, nd qub pdredt jd
 pmrtbtbiffdr ufd zifd oâiormpkbqud
oâiormpkbqud âtdf
âtdfjud
jud df ndaauads S0U. 

 Gbourd =.0. Tf râsdmu ndaauambrd jd `msd 

Am nieeufbnmtbif dftrd ads tdrebfmux dt @^ dst `bjbrdntbiffdaad iu mu giremt

jupadx. ^ur am abmbsif jdsndfjmftd (JA), am stmtbif jd `msd trmfsedt jds sbofmux mux
tdrebfmux mggdntâs, mairs qud sur am abmbsif eiftmftd (TA), ads tdrebfmux trmfsedttdft
jds sbofmux è am stmtbif jd `msd, nieed baaustrâ è am Gbourd =.0. Df oâfârma, ZJJ dt ad
GJJ sift utbabsâs nieed snkâems jd trmfsebssbif df jupadx.

Tfd edsurd jd pdrgiremfnd pdrtbfdftd jds râsdmux ndaauambrds dst ad jâ`bt jd am

zifd. Am
Am eâtrbqud jd pdrgiremfnd jd jâ`bt surgmnbqud, dst jiffâd pmr <

Jâ`bt jd surgmndS`bt/s/ce0U 5 @SKzU .JSndaas/ce0U .^DS`bt/s/Kz/ndaaU (=.=)

:
 

Nkmpbtrd B ei`bad  
Am 4O jd râsdmu ei`bad 

Iò @ dst am amrodur jd `mfjd jd nieeufbnmtbif,  J am jdfsbtâ jd ndaauads eiydffd dt ^D

a‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrma pmr ndaauad. Xmr nifsâqudft, piur meâabirdr ad jâ`bt jd niuvdrturd
jds râsdmux ndaauambrds, fius piuvifs <

•  Maaiudr paus jd `mfjd pmssmftd.

•  Mliutdr paus jd @^.
•  Meâabirdr am ^D.

A'muoedftmtbif jd am `mfjd pmssmftd f'dst pms mussb mttrmymftd, nmr ad spdntrd jd

grâqudfnds dst ufd rdssiurnd fmturdaad è niót âadvâ dt nifgriftâ è am rmrdtâ. Df iutrd,
ndam bepabqud âomadedft a'utbabsmtbif jd `mfjds jd grâqudfnds `dmuniup paus âadvâds, nd
qub abebtd am pirtâd jd am nieeufbnmtbif. Emaorâ ndam, jds `mfjds jd aifoudurs j'ifjd
ebaabeâtrbquds pduvdft ìtrd utbabsâds piur ads mppabnmtbifs è niurtd pirtâd. Jdfsbgbdr ad
râsdmu, df depaiymft paus jd @^, dst ufd tànkd jbggbnbad smfs jâpamndr ads @^ paus prës
jds tdrebfmux, nd qub muoedftd ads rbsquds j‒ìtrd jmfs a‒ie`rd, râjubsmft mbfsb am

niuvdrturd. Nd sift ads prbfnbpmads rmbsifs piur adsqudaads ba dst prâgârm`ad j'meâabirdr am
^D. Tfd gmïif j'meâabirdr ad ^D nifsbstd è utbabsdr pausbdurs mftdffds mu fbvdmu jd am
stmtbif jd `msd piur niaadntdr paus j'âfdrobd è pmrtbr jds ifjds âadntriemofâtbquds S>U. 

=.: Mppabnmtbifs vbsâds piur ad râsdmu jd 4O

Am 4O giurfbrm am niffdntbvbtâ smfs gba piur uf amrod âvdftmba jd fiuvdaads
mppabnmtbifs prâsdftâds sur am Gbourd =.> < Am 4O vm pâfâtrdr jmfs nkmnuf jds âaâedfts
jd fitrd sinbâtâ guturd dt nrâdr uf ânisystëed j'bfgiremtbif euatbjbedfsbiffda ndftrâ
sur a'utbabsmtdur. Daad vm `rbsdr am abebtmtbif jd tdeps dt j'dspmnd piur pdredttrd ufd

dxpârbdfnd utbabsmtdur beedrsbvd dt bftdrmntbvd. Am 4O rmnniurnbrm âomadedft am jbstmfnd

dftrd a'kieed dt ads nkisds, dt edttrd df Şuvrd ufd bftâormtbif trmfspmrdft d piur
râmabsdr ufd bftdrniffdxbif gmnbad dt bftdaabodftd dftrd ads pdrsiffds dt ttiutds
iutds ads nkisds.
4O fius pdredt jd râmabsdr am vbsbif < « A‒bfgiremtbif dst è pirtâd jd embf, dt tiut sdrm  
rdstâ df niftmnt ³.

Tf ormfj fie`rd jd nms j'utbabsmtbif ift âtâ pripisâs pmr jbggârdftds iromfbsmtbifs.
A‒bftdrfdt ei`bad dt a‒Bftdrfdt jds i`ldts (BiZ) sift ads jdux prbfnbpmux eitdurs ju
emrnkâ jd jâvdaippdedft gutur jds nieeufbnmtbifs ei`bads, dt bas jânadfnkdrift ufd
ormfjd omeed jd nms j'utbabsmtbif. S:U 

4
 

Nkmpbtrd B ei`bad  
Am 4O jd râsdmu ei`bad 

 Gbourd =.>. Mppabnmtbifs
 Mppabnmtbifs jd am 4O.  S=U 

=.4 I`ldntbgs jd am 4O
Ads prbfnbpmux bfjustrbdas dt ipârmtdurs ju sdntdur jds nieeufbnmtbifs smfs gba
âam`irdft mntudaadedft ads i`ldntbgs dt stmfjmrjs jd am nbfqubëed oâfârmtbif jd râsdmu
ei`bad (am 4O). A‒âtmpd jd stmfjmrjbsmtbif jâemrrâd mu sdbf jd jbggârdfts nifsirtbues
j‒ipârmtdurs dt bfjustrbdas (>OXX, FOEF…) pdredttrm jd edttrd df pamnd ufd
rëoadedftmtbif è a‒kirbzif 0808. Ad prdebdr i`ldntbg è mttdbfjrd nifndrfd ad jâ`bt  
eiftmft dt jdsndfjmft maaiud è nkmqud utbab smtdur mgbf j‒mssurdr uf mnnës bftdrfdt kmut
jâ`bt jdpubs uf semrt  pkifd iu tm`adttd. Jmfs uf niftdxtd j‒utbabsmtbif df ei`babtâ

gmb`ad iu fuaad, ad jâ`bt vbsâ df `irj jd ndaauad pmr utbabsmtdur dst supârbdur è =88 E`bt/s
dt ad jâ`bt emxbeue pmr utbabsmtdur jdvrm jâpmssdr ads =8 O`bt/s. Jmfs uf nms
j‒utbabsmtbif df  girtd ei`babtâ (pmr dxdepad, jmfs ad nms jd nieeufbnmtbifs dftrd
vâkbnuads), a‒meâabirmtbif jd a‒mrnkbtdnturd ju râsdmu jdvrm fitmeedft pdredttrd jd
râjubrd am amtdfnd jd am nieeufbnmtbif. A‒i`ldntbg dst j‒i`tdfbr uf jâamb jd trmfsebssbif
bfgârbdur è =8 es. Xiur j‒mutrds mppabnmtbifs jd a‒BiZ (tâaâeâjdnbfd, sânurbtâ…), uf
kmut fbvdmu jd gbm`babtâ sdrm âomadedft rdqubs. Jds eijbgbnmtbifs emldurds jmfs
a‒mrnkbtdnturd ju râsdmu dt a‒mppirt jd fiuvdaads tdnkfiaiobds smfs gba sdrift rdqubsds
jmfs ads râsdmux 0O/>O/:O mntudas piur mttdbfjrd nds i`ldntbgs. Ad niót dt am

nifsieemtbif âfdroâtbqud jds âaâedfts nifstbtumfts nd fiuvdmu râsdmu dt ads

7
 

Nkmpbtrd B ei`bad  
Am 4O jd râsdmu ei`bad 

tdrebfmux ei`bads mssinbâs sdrift jds pibfts jânbsbgs piur pmrvdfbr è ufd siautbif
vbm`ad ju pibft jd vud ânifiebqud. S4U 

=.7 4O < Fdw Pmjbi

Pâpifjrd mux dxbodfnds edftbiffâds fândssbtd jds nkmfodedfts rmjbnmux jmfs ad

eijëad ju râsdmu df paus j‒bffivmtbifs pdrtur`mtrbnds. Jmfs nd niftdxtd, ads râs dmux 4O
 pduvdft gmbrd mppda è uf amrod âvdftmba jd fiuvdaads tdnkfiaiobds. Ndam pdredt uf smut
jmfs ads pdrgiremfnds qub ânabpsd sds prâjândssdurs. Nds bffivmtbifs tiunkdrift am
trmfsebssbif dt am nifndptbif jd am niunkd pkysbqud df paus j‒bftrijubrd jds
 `iuadvdrsdedfts jmfs ads niunkds supârbdurds ju râsdmu. Df gmbt, 4O Fdw Pmjbi (FP)
utbabsdrm jd fie`rdusds tdnkfiaiobds naâs mgbf j‒mttdbfjrd jd fiuvdmux fbvdmux jd
 pdrgiremfndd dt j‒dggbnm
 pdrgiremfn nbtâ. Ads nie`bfmbsifs  jd nds jdrfbërds âtdfjrift a‒bepirtmfnd
j‒dggbnmnbtâ.
jds nieeufbnmtbifs ei`bads dt adurs pdredttrift jd liudr uf rúad ndftrma jmfs uf
eifjd jd nms j‒utbabsmtbif nkmfodmfts. Xmreb ads bffivmtbifs pitdftbdaads jmfs am niunkd

4O, if pdut nbtdr < S7U 

 pkysbqud 4O,

•   Nieeufbnmtbifs jmfs am pamod jds ifjds ebaabeâtrbquds.

•   Nieeufbnmtbifs emssbvds EBEI.
•   Mnnës euatbpad fif irtkioifma (FIEM).
•   Nieeufbnmtbifs smfs gba guaa-jupadx.
•   Morâomtbif jd pirtdusd dt eijuamtbifs Euatb nmrrbdr.
•   Xaus ormfj spdntrd.
•   Nieeufbnmtbif jd abmbsif amtârmad.

   Fiuvdaad gired j‒ifjd dt fueâriaiobd (IGJE) kâtârioëfd.

•

=.7.=  ^nâfmrbis jd jâpaibdedft jd FP

Xiur mssurdr am niepmtb`babtâ msndfjmftd mvdn AZD / AZD-M, a'mrnkbtdnturd jd FP dst

rdqubsd piur uf bftdrgifntbiffdedft âtribt mvdn AZD / AZD-M. Xiur ndttd dxbodfnd, ads
ndaauads AZD / AZD-M dt FP pduvdft mvibr ufd niuvdrturd jbggârdftd (Gbourd =.:.m) iu
am eìed niuvdrturd, dt ads snâfmrbis jd jâpaibdedft subvmfts sift râmabsm`ads < S?U 

?
 

Nkmpbtrd B ei`bad  
Am 4O jd râsdmu ei`bad 

 Gbourd =.:. ^nâfmrbis jd jâpaibdedft jd FP .S?U 

;
 

Nkmpbtrd B ei`bad  
Am 4O jd râsdmu ei`bad 

m   AZD / AZD- M dF@ dst uf fŞuj emætrd Tf dF@ AZD / AZD-M iggrd uf
suppirt j'mfnrmod (jmfs ads pamfs jd niftrúad dt utbabsmtdur), tmfjbs qu'uf FP oF@
 pripisd uf suppirt jd rmppda. Ad gaux jd jiffâds dst morâoâ sur uf dF@ dt uf oF@ vbm
ad fiymu jd pmqudt âviauâ (DXN) (Gbourd =.:.`).
`   FPoF@ dst uf fŞuj emætrd  Tf FP oF@ mutified iggrd jds sdrvbnds smfs

gba (jmfs ads pamfs jd niftrúad dt utbabsmtdur) vbm ad fiymu jd am prinkmbfd oâfârmtbif. Tf
dAZD dt dF@ niainmabsâs pdut âomadedft giurfbr jds pirtdusds j‒mepabgbnmt dur piur jds
niffdxbifs jiu`ads (Gbourd =.:.n). 
n  dAZD dF@ dst uf fŞuj emætrd  Tf dAZD dF@ mutified iggrd jds sdrvbnds
smfs gba (jmfs ads pamfs jd niftrúad dt utbabsmtdur)
utba bsmtdur) vbm ad nŞur jd prinkmbfd oâfârmtbif iu
uf FP oF@ niainmabsâ dst df edsurd jd giurfbr jds suppirts jd rmppda, nieed baaustrâ è
am Gbourd =.:.j. 
j  Zrmfsgdrt jd tdnkfiaiobd bftdr-rmjbi (PMZ) dftrd (d) dF@ AZD / AZD-M dt FP
 o@F Tf dF@ AZD / AZD-M sd niffdntd è a'DXN dt uf oF@ FP sd niffdntd mu fiymu jd

fiuvdaad oâfârmtbif piur prdfjrd df nkmrod ad Kmfjivdr dftrd dux. Tf dAZD dF@ pdut
âomadedft sd niffdntdr mu fiymu jd am prinkmbfd oâfârmtbif, dt ad trmfsgdrt dftrd dF@ dt
oF@ pdut ìtrd dftbërdedft oârâ vbm ad
a d fiymu jd am prinkmbfd oâfârmtbif (Gbo
(Gbourd
urd =.:.d).  
=.7.0  Fueâriaiobds

Ads snâfmrbis nb-jdssus râvëadft uf jâpaibdedft kâtârioëfd jd FP mvdn ufd

niuvdrturd jbggârdftd. Df tdfmft nieptd jd am ei`babtâ jds âqubpdedfts j‒utbabsmtdur
(TD) lusqu‒è 488 ce / k, pausbdurs aifoudurs jd prâgbxd nynabqud (NX) jibvdft ìtrd
mjiptâds jmfs FP. Df prmtbqud, am grâqudfnd pirtdusd dt am amrodur jd `mfjd jd am sius-
 pirtdusd pduvdft âomadedft mggdntdr am aifoudur ju NX mjiptâ. Xmr nifsâqudft, ba pdut
dxbstdr jd euatbpads nie`bfmbsifs jd pmrmeëtrds jd trmfsebssbif pkysbquds jmfs FP,
tdas qud a'dspmndedft jds sius-pirtdusds, am jurâd jds sye`iads jd euatbpadxmod pmr
râpmrtbtbif irtkioifmad jd am grâqudfnd (IGJE), ads aifoudurs NX, dtn. Nds pmrmeëtrds
jd trmfsebssbif pkysbquds sift niaadntbvdedft jâsbofâs sius ad fie jd fueâriaiobds
jmfs FP.

Df FP, ads âedttdurs dt ads rândptdurs pduvdft `âfâgbnbdr j'ufd `mfjd pmssmftd paus
amrod jmfs ads `mfjds jd grâqudfnds âadvâds. Jmfs nd nms, a'dspmndedft jds sius-
 pirtdusds pdut ìtrd âtdfju (supârbdur è =4 cKz, nieed mjiptâ pmr AZD / AZD-M, dt

âvdftudaadedft lusqu'è 278 cKz). Jd paus, ads grâqudfnds pirtdusds âadvâds sift
âomadedft vuafârm`ads è a'dggdt Jippadr dt uf dspmndedft bepirtmft jds sius-pirtdusds

2
 

Nkmpbtrd B ei`bad  
Am 4O jd râsdmu ei`bad 

 pdut gmnbabtdr a'mttâfumtbif jds bftdrgârdfnds dftrd pirtdusds. J'mutrd pmrt, FP jdvrmbt
âomadedft prdfjrd df nkmrod uf gmb`ad dspmndedft jds sius-pirtdusd
sius-pirtdusds,
s, tda qud >,?4 cKz,
nieed ad pdredt a'bftdrfdt jds i`ldts è `mfjd âtribtd (F@-BiZ), piur `âfâgbnbdr j'uf
edbaadur rdfjdedft âfdroâtbqud jmfs ads `mfjds jd `mssds grâqudfnds. Df nifsâqudfnd,
ads dspmndedfts jds sius-pirtdusds jmfs FP sift âviautbgs df tmft qud sius-dfsde`ad

iu sur-dfsde`ad jd =4 cKz. Ads dspmndedfts

dspmndedfts pissb`ads jds sius-pirtdusds pduvdft ìtrd
´
jd =4 cKz x 0 , iò ´ pdut ìtrd uf dftbdr pisbtbg / fâomtbg iu zâri. Xiur nkmqud vmadur
j'dspmndedft jd sius-pirtdusd, pausbdurs aifoudurs jd NX pduvdft ìtrd bfsârâds piur
s'mjmptdr è jbggârdfts fbvdmux jd `riubaamod bftdr-sye`iad è jbggârdftds grâqudfnds
 pirtdusds dt ei`babtâ. S?U Ads typds FP fueâriaiobd sift râsueâs jmfs ad tm`admu
subvmft.

Zm`admu =. Fueâriaiobds jd trmfsebssbif prbsds df nkmrod S;U. 

´ ∇Ɛ5 0´.=4 ScKzU Xrâgbxd nynabqud (NX)

8 =4 Firema
= >8 Firema
0 78 Firema, Âamrobd
> =08 Firema
: 0:8 Firema

=.7.>  ^trunturd jd trmed 

Ads trmfsebssbifs df abmbsif jdsndfjmftd dt eiftmftd sift iromfbsâds df trmeds
j‒ufd jurâd jd =8 es, gbourd =.4, nkmnufd jbvbsâd df jbx sius-trmeds jd = es.

 Gbourd =.4. Iromfbsmtbif jds trmeds jmfs am 4O-FP  S2U  

=8
 

Nkmpbtrd B ei`bad  
Am 4O jd râsdmu ei`bad 

Am aifoudur jd sait vmrbd df gifntbif jd a'dspmndedft jds sius-pirtdusds. Am

tdfjmfnd oâfârmad dst qud am aifoudur jd sait jbebfud è edsurd qud a‒dspmndedft jds
sius- pirtdusds s‒âamrobt, gbourd =.7. Ndttd tdfjmfnd privbdft jd am
 pirtdusds s‒âamrobt a m fmturd jd a'IGJE.

 Gbourd =.7. Aifoudur jds saits

saits piur nkmqud fueâriaiobd S2U
=.7.:  FP Pdsiurnd @ainc 

Tf FP `ain jd rdssiurnds (P@) niftbdft =: sye`iads jmfs ad jiembfd tdepirda

dt =0 sius-pirtdusds jmfs ad jiembfd grâqudftbda. Df `mfjd AZD, am amrodur jd `mfjd jd
P@ dst gbxâd è =;8 CKz embs df FP, daad f'dst pms gbxd dt jâpdfj jd a'dspmndedft jds
sius-pirtdusds.
sius-pirtdusds. Am gbourd
gb ourd =.?eiftrd ads dspmndedfts jds ^X piur nkmqud fueâriaiobd.

´58

´5= 

´50 

´5> 

´5:

 Gbourd =.?. Fueâriaiobd - Dspmndedft jds sius-pirtdusd

sius-pirtdusdss S=8U  

==
 

Nkmpbtrd B ei`bad  
Am 4O jd râsdmu ei`bad 

=.7.4  @mfjd pmssmftd ju nmfma FP 

Ad FP jdvrmbt gifntbiffdr mvdn ufd amrodur jd nmfma jd =88 EKz piur ads
 `mfjds bfgârbdurds 17 OKz dt ufd `mfjd jd :88 EKz jmfs am omeed jds ifjds
ebaabeâtrbquds. FP dst nifïu piur giurfbr ufd dggbnmnbtâ jd `mfjd pmssmftd paus âadvâd,
mttdbofmft 22%, sibt dfvbrif 28% df AZD (=8% omspbaaâ df `mfjd jd omrjd).
Nkmqud fueâriaiobd m jâgbfb ad fie`rd jd P@, mymft niffmbssmfnd jd am amrodur
j‒uf `ain jd rdssiurnds, ba dst pissb`ad jd nmanuadr am `mfjd pmssmftd ju nmfma tda qud  <
N@_ 5 FYP@ x FY^X x ∇Ɛ + 0x @O   (=.0)
Iò < -N@_ < am `mfjd pmssmftd jd nmfma
-FYP@ < Fie`rd jd rdssiurnd `ainc
-FY^X < Fie`rd jd sius pirtdusd 5 =0
-@O < am `mfjd jd omrjd

 Gbourd =.;. Nmfma 4O-FP S==U  

=.? Nifnausbif
Mvdn ads dxbodfnds nribssmftds jds m`iffâs,
m`iffâs, am :O sdrm jâgbfbtbvdedft rdepamnâd
 pmr am 4O è a'mbjd jd tdnkfiaiobds jd pibftd, tdaads qud am tdnkfiaiobd EBEI emss
emssbvd,
bvd, am
nieeufbnmtbif jbrdntds (Jdvbnd-ti-jdvbnd), am nieeufbnmtbif è ifjds ebaabeâtrbquds,
a'mnnës euatbpad pmr jbvbsbif jd gmbsndmu jmfs am tdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbvd. Am
fueâriaiobd jd FP jd am 4O jiffd ufd gadxb`babtâ nifvbdft mvdn sif mrnkbtdnturd
kâtârioëfd.

=0
 

Nkmpbtrd 0  Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI

emssbg

0.= Bftrijuntbif
A'i`ldntbg ju nkmpbtrd mntuda dst jd prâsdftdr ads râsdmux EBEI ( Euatbpad Bfput
 Euatbpad Iutput ) emssbgs niffus sius ad fie jd  Emssbvd EBEI. Ndttd tdnkfiaiobd
âedrodftd sd prâsdftd nieed a'ufd jds eâtkijds ads paus priedttdusds piur ads
systëeds râviautbiffmbrds jd am nbfqubëed oâfârmtbif jds râsdmux ei`bads (4O) dt jd
a‒bftdrfdt jds i`ldts.  S=0U  Ads âviautbifs tdnkfiaiobquds dxbodrift jds systëeds jd
nieeufbnmtbif pubssmfts dt gbm`ads. Ndam fândssbtd jd fie`rdux priorës sur ads
systëeds mntudas. Jmfs ad nmjrd jds meâabirmtbifs pissb`ads s‒bfsnrbt ad  Emssbvd EBEI.
Mbfsb if dxpaird am tdnkfiaiobd EBEI trmjbtbiffda.

0.0 EBEI trmjbtbiffda
Am tdnkfiaiobd EBEI (Euatbpad-Bfput Euatbpad-Iutput) dst ufd tdnkfiaiobd smfs gba
qub utbabsd pausbdurs âedttdurs dt rândptdurs piur trmfsgârdr paus jd jiffâds df eìed
tdeps. Am tdnkfiaiobd EBEI tbrd pmrtb j'uf pkâfieëfd j'ifj
j'ifjds
ds rmjbiâadntrbquds mppdaâ
trmldts euatbpads, iò ads bfgiremtbifs trmfsebsds rd`ifjbssdft sur ads eurs, ads pamgifjs
dt j'mutrds i`ldts, mttdbofmft a'mftdffd jd rândptbif pausbdurs gibs sius jbggârdfts mfoads
dt è jds eiedfts aâoërdedft jbggârdfts. Daad dxpaibtd ad niepirtdedft pmr trmldts
euatbpads df utbabsmft pausbdurs âedttdurs dt rândptdurs « bftdaabodfts ³ mvdn ufd
jbedfsbif « spmtbmad ³ suppaâedftmbrd piur muoedftdr nifsbjârm`adedft ads
 pdrgiremfnds dt am pirtâd. EBEI pdredt è pausbdurs mftdffds j'dfviydr
j'dfviydr dt jd rdndvibr
 pausbdurs gaux spmtbmux df
df eìed tdeps

Orànd è EBEI, ads mftdffds gifntbiffdft paus bftdaabodeedft df adur

 pdredttmft jd nie`bfdr jds gaux jd jiffâds privdfmft jd jbggârdfts nkdebfs dt è
jbggârdfts eiedfts piur muoedftdr dggbnmndedft am pubssmfnd jd nmpturd ju sbofma ju

rândptdur. Ads mftdffds bftdaabodftds utbabsdft am tdnkfiaiobd jd am jbvdrsbtâ spmtbmad, qub

 pdredt jd tbrdr
tb rdr ad edbaadur pmrtb jds mftdffds dxnâjdftmbrds. ^'ba y m paus j'mftdffds qud

  =>
 

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

jd gaux spmtbmux, ads mftdffds suppaâedftmbrds pduvdft mliutdr jd am jbvdrsbtâ mux

rândptdurs dt muoedftdr am pirtâd.  S=>U

0.> Xrbfnbpds ju EBEI
Nieed ndam m âtâ dxpabquâ prânâjdeedft, am prbfnbpmad siurnd jds

 pdrtur`mtbifs, qud su`bt uf sbofma airs jd sm pripmomtbif, dst ad nmfma. Df dggdt, è nmusd
jds pkâfieëfds jd pripmomtbif euatb-trmldts, ad sbofma su`bt jds âvmfiubssdedfts, jds
jânmamods grâqudftbdas iu eìed tdepirdas. Niftrmbrdedft mux systëeds namssbquds, ads
systëeds è jbvdrsbtâ prdffdft mvmftmod jd nds typds jd pripmomtbif piur meâabirdr ads
 pdrgiremfnds ju sys
systëed.
tëed. Xiur edttrd df pamnd nds meâabirmtbifs,
meâabirmtb ifs, ads sys
systëeds
tëeds EBEI
dxpaibtdft ads tdnkfbquds jd <

•    Jbvdrsbtâ j‒dspmnd
j‒dspmnd < Mussb niffud sius ad fie jd jbvdrsbtâ j‒mftdffd  

•    Jbvdrsbtâ grâqudftbdaad <  Ndttd tdnkfbqud jdemfjd a‒dfvib ju eìed sbofma sur

jds grâqudfnds jbggârdftds. Ba gmut tiutdgibs gmbrd mttdftbif è am amrodur jd `mfjd

nikârdftd dt è a‒âtdfjud grâqudftbdaad jud mux euatb -trmldts dt mux jbstmfnds è
grmfnkbr pmr am trmfsebssbif.

•    Jbvdrsbtâ tdepirdaad < Air

Airsqud
squd a‒if sâpmrd a‒dfvib ju eìed sbofma pmr ad
a d tdeps
nikârdfnd ju nmfma, ba dst pissb`ad jd prigbtdr jd am jbvdrsbtâ tdepirdaad. Ziut
jâpdfj âomadedft jd am vbtdssd jd jâpamndedft ju ei`bad dt jd am grâqudfnd
 pirtdusd.S=:U 

0.: Zypds jd EBEI

Ba dxbstd qumtrd eijëads jd nifgbourmtbif j‒mftdffd jd `msd qub bfnaudft <  

✞  ^B^I - ^bfoad Bfput ^bfoad Iutput

✞  ^BEI - Dftrâd ufbqud ^irtbd euatbpad

✞  EB^I - ^irtbd ufbqud è dftrâds euatbpads

✞  EBEI - Dftrâd euatbpad ^irtbd euatbpad

Ad tdred ET-EBEI dst âomadedft utbabsâ piur ufd vdrsbif piur pausbdurs
utbabsmtdurs jds jbggârdftds gireds jd tdnkfiaiobd j‒mftdffd sd rmppirtmft è ufd iu

 pausbdurs dftrâds dt sirtbds. Ndux-nb sift abâs è am abmbsif rmjbi. Jd ndttd emfbërd,
a‒dftrâd dst a‒âedttdur airsqu‒daad dst trmfsebsd jmfs am abmbsif iu ad nkdebf ju sbofma dt

=:
 

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

am sirtbd dst ad rândptdur, daad sd triuvd è am sirtbd jd am abmbsif smfs gba. Xmr nifsâqudft,
ads jbggârdftds gireds jd abmbsifs
abmb sifs è ufd / pausbdurs mftdffds sift jâgbfbds nb-jdssius <

0.:.=  EBEI „  ^B^I
 ^B^I

Am gired am paus sbepad jd abmbsif rmjbi pdut ìtrd jâgbfbd df tdreds EBEI df
tmft qud ^B^I - ^bfoad Bfput ^bfoad Iutput. Ndt âedttdur gifntbiffd mvdn ufd mftdffd,
tiut nieed ad rândptdur Nieed prâsdftâd jmfs am gbourd 0.=

 Gbourd 0.=. ^B^I - ^bfoad Bfput ^bfoad Iutput  

A'mvmftmod j'uf systëed ^B^I dst sm sbepabnbtâ. ^B^I f'dxbod munuf trmbtdedft
df tdreds jds jbvdrsds gireds jd jbvdrsbtâ piuvmft ìtrd utbabsâds. Ziutdgibs, ads
 pdrgiremfnds ju nmfma ^B^I sift abebtâds. Ads bftdrgârdfnds dt ads âvmfiubssdedfts
âvmfiubssdedfts
murift paus j'bepmnt sur ad systëed qu'uf systëed EBEI utbabsmft ufd ndrtmbfd gired
jd jbvdrsbtâ, dt am nmpmnbtâ ju nmfma dst abebtâd pmr am
a m aib jd ^kmffif - ad jâ`bt jâpdfj jd
am amrodur jd `mfjd ju nmfma dt ju rmppirt sbofma sur `rubt

N 5 @ aio0(=+^FP) S`bt/sU (0.=)

Iò  N  dst am nmpmnbtâ ju nmfma, @ am amrodur jd `mfjd ju nmfma dt ^FP  dst ad rmppirt

sbofma sur `rubt.

0.:.0  EBEI „  ^BEI
 ^BEI

Am vdrsbif ^BEI iu EBEI è sirtbds euatbpads dt è dftrâd ufbqud sd prijubt

airsqud a‒âedttdur m ufd sduad mftdffd dt qud ad rândptdur jbspisd jd pausbdurs mftdffds
Nieed prâsdftâd jmfs am gbourd0.0. Ndnb dst âomadedft mppdaâ rândptbif jd am jbvdrsbtâ.
Ba dst siuvdft utbabsâ piur pdredttrd è uf systëed rândptdur rdndvmft jds sbofmux
 privdfmft jd pausbdurs siurnds bfjâpdfjmftds jd auttdr niftrd ads dggdts jds
âvmfiubssdedfts. Ba dst utbabsâ jdpubs jd fie`rdusds mffâds mvdn ads stmtbifs j‒âniutd /

rândptbif è ifjds niurtds piur auttdr niftrd ads dggdts jds âvmfiubssdedfts dt jds
bftdrgârdfnds bifispkârbquds.

=4
 

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

 Gbourd 0.0. ^BEI - ^bfoad Bfput Euatbpad Iutput  

^BEI prâsdftd
prâsdftd a‒mvmftmod j‒ìtrd rdamtbvdedft gmnbad è edttrd df Şuvrd, `bdf qud
ad trmbtdedft sibt fândssmbrd jmfs ad rândptdur. A'utbabsmtbif
utbabsmtbif jd ^BEI pdut ìtrd tiut
t iut è gmbt
mnndptm`ad jmfs jd fie`rdusds mppabnmtbifs, embs airsqud ad rândptdur dst sbtuâ sur uf
mppmrdba ei`bad tda qu'uf nie`bfâ jd tâaâpkifd pirtm`ad, ads fbvdmux jd trmbtdedft
 pduvdft ìtrd abebtâs pmr am tmbaad, ad niót dt am nkmrod jd am `mttdrbd

^BEI pdut ìtrd utbabsâ

utbab sâ sius jdux gireds <

➠  Jbvdrsbtâ nieeutâd ^BEI  < Ndttd gired jd ^BEI rdnkdrnkd ad sbofma ad

 paus pubssmft dt `msnuad

`msnuad vdrs ndttd mftdffd
➠  Pmppirt emxbeue nie`bfmft ^BEI  < Ndttd gired jd ^BEI prdfj ads

jdux sbofmux dt ads mjjbtbiffd piur jiffdr am nie`bfmbsif. Jd ndttd

emfbërd, ads sbofmux jds jdux mftdffds niftrb`udft mu sbofma oai`ma

0.:.>  EBEI „  EB^I
 EB^I

EB^I dst âomadedft mppdaâ jbvdrsbtâ jd trmfsebssbif. Jmfs nd nms, ads eìeds
jiffâds sift trmfsebsds jd emfbërd rdjifjmftd è pmrtbr jds jdux mftdffds âedttrbnds
(gbourd 0.>). Ad rândptdur dst mairs nmpm`ad jd rdndvibr ad sbofma iptbema qu'ba pdut
dfsubtd utbabsdr piur dxtrmbrd ads jiffâds rdqubsds.

 Gbourd 0.>. EB^I - Euatbpad Bfput ^bfoad Iutput  

A'mvmftmod j'utbabsdr EB^I dst qud ads euatbpads mftdffds dt ad trmbtdedft jd

rdjifjmfnd sift jâpamnâs ju rândptdur vdrs a'âedttdur. Jmfs jds nms tdas qud ads

=7
 

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

âqubpdedfts utbabsmtdur jd tâaâpkifd ndaauambrd, ndam pdut nifstbtudr uf mvmftmod

sbofbgbnmtbg df tdreds j'dspmnd piur ads mftdffds dt jd râjuntbif ju fbvdmu jd trmbtdedft
rdqubs pmr ad rândptdur piur ad nijmod jd rdjifjmfnd. Ndnb m uf bepmnt pisbtbg sur am
tmbaad, ad niót dt am jurâd jd vbd jd am `mttdrbd nmr ad fbvdmu jd trmbtdedft paus `ms
fândssbtd eibfs jd nifsieemtbif jd am `mttdrbd. S=>U 

0.:.:  EBEI „  EBEI
 EBEI

EBEI dst ufd tdnkfiaiobd j'mftdffd rmjbi qub utbabsd pausbdurs mftdffds mu
fbvdmu jd a'âedttdur dt ju rândptdur piur pdredttrd
pdredtt rd è ufd vmrbâtâ jd nkdebfs jd sbofmux
jd trmfspirtdr ads jiffâds (gbourd 0.:), df nkibsbssmft jds nkdebfs sâpmrâs piur nkmqud
mftdffd mgbf jd pdredttrd a'utbabsmtbif jd pausbdurs nkdebfs jd sbofmux. 

 Gbourd 0.:. EBEI- Euatbpad Bfput Euatbpad

Euatbpad Iutput

A'ufd jds bjâds gifjmedftmads ju trmbtdedft ju sbofma spmtbi-tdepirda jds

systëeds
systëeds smfs gba EBEI, jmfs amqudaad ad
a d tdeps dst niepaâtâd pmr am jbedfsbif spmtbmad
bfkârdftd è a'utbabsmtbif jd pausbdurs mftdffds râpmrtbds jmfs a'dspmnd, n'dst-è-jbrd
a'utbabsmtbif jd pausbdurs mftdffds sbtuâds è jbggârdfts pibfts. Df nifsâqudfnd, ads
systëeds smfs gba EBEI pduvdft ìtrd nifsbjârâs nieed ufd dxtdfsbif aiobqud jds
mftdffds bftdaabodftds utbabsâds jdpubs jd fie`rdusds mffâds piur meâabirdr am
tdnkfiaiobd smfs gba.

If ad triuvd dftrd uf âedttdur dt uf rândptdur, ad sbofma pdut depruftdr

 pausbdurs nkdebfs. Jd paus, df jâpamïmft ads mftdffds eìed sur ufd pdtbtd jbstmfnd, ads
nkdebfs utbabsâs nkmfodrift. Am vmrbâtâ jd nkdebfs jbspifb`ads râsuatd ju fie`rd
j‒i`ldts mppmrmbssmft sur ad nútâ iu eìed jmfs ad nkdebf jbrdnt dftrd a‒âedttdur dt ad
rândptdur. Mupmrmvmft, nds nkdebfs euatbpads fd sdrvmbdft qu'è bftrijubrd jds
bftdrgârdfnds. Df utbabsmft EBEI, nds nkdebfs suppaâedftmbrds pduvdft ìtrd utbabsâs

=?
 

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

mvmftmodusdedft. Bas pduvdft ìtrd utbabsâs piur rdfgirndr am abmbsif rmjbi df meâabirmft
ad rmppirt sbofma sur `rubt iu df muoedftmft am nmpmnbtâ jd jiffâds jd am aabmbsif.
bmbsif.  

Ads jdux prbfnbpmux giremts jd EBEI sift jiffâs nb-jdssius <

➠  Jbvdrsbtâ spmtbmad < Am jbvdrsbtâ spmtbmad dst siuvdft utbabsâd jmfs nd sdfs âtribt

sd râgërd è trmfsedttrd dt rdndvibr am jbvdrsbtâ. Nds jdux eâtkijiaiobds sift

utbabsâds piur mppirtdr jds meâabirmtbifs mu rmppirt sbofma sur `rubt dt sift
nmrmntârbsâ pmr a'meâabirmtbif jd am gbm`babtâ ju systëed vbs-è-vbs jds jbggârdftds
gireds j'âvmfiubssdedft
j'âvmfiubssdedft

➠  Euatbpadxmod spmtbma <  ndttd gired jd EBEI dst utbabsâd piur giurfbr ufd
nmpmnbtâ jd jiffâds suppaâedftmbrd df utbabsmft ads jbggârdfts nkdebfs piur
mnkdebfdr ju trmgbn suppaâedftmbrd, n‒dst-è-jbrd df muoedftmft am nmpmnbtâ jd
jâ`bt jd jiffâds.

A'uf jds prbfnbpmux mvmftmods ju euatbpadxmod spmtbma EBEI râsbjd jmfs ad gmbt
qu'ba dst df edsurd jd giurfbr ufd nmpmnbtâ jd jiffâds suppaâedftmbrd. Ad euatbpadxmod
spmtbma EBEI y pmrvbdft df utbabsmft ads nkdebfs euatbpads dt df ads utbabsmft
dggbnmndedft nieed "nmfmux" suppaâedftmbrds piur trmfspirtdr jds jiffâds. Am
qumftbtâ emxbemad jd jiffâds piuvmft ìtrd mnkdebfâd pmr uf nmfma rmjbi dst abebtâ pmr
ads abebtds pkysbquds jâgbfbds jmfs am aib jd ^kmffif.

Ads systëeds j‒mftdffd è dftrâds euatbpads dt sirtbds euatbpads (EBEI) sift

utbabsâs jmfs am fired smfs gba, y nieprbs BDDD ;80.==f, >OXX AZD dt _bEM[ ei`bad
systëeds. Am tdnkfbqud prdfj df nkmrod uf jâ`bt jd jiffâds meâabirâ, eìed sius

nifjbtbifs jd `riubaamod, âvmfiubssdedft ju sbofma dt trmldts euatbpads. Am jdemfjd jd

 paus ads jâ`bts jd jiffâds sur jd paus aifouds jbstmfnds m âtâ a‒ufd jds prbfnbpmads
eitbvmtbifs jdrrbërd ad jâvdaippdedft ju euatbpadxmod pmr râpmrtbtbif irtkioifmad jd
grâqudfnd EBEI (IGJE)
(IGJE) systëeds
systëeds jd nieeufbnmtbif.

Am aib jd ^kmffif jâgbfbt ad jâ`bt emxbema muquda jds jiffâds smfs drrdur
 pduvdft ìtrd trmfsebsds sur ufd amrodur jd `mfjd jiffâd df prâsdfnd jd `rubt. Ba dst
oâfârmadedft dxprbeâ sius am gired prâsdftâd jmfs a‒âqumtbif (0.=), qub eiftrd qu'ufd
muoedftmtbif ju ^FP j'uf nmfma dftrmæfd jds ombfs emrobfmux df jâ`bt jd nmfma. Df
nifsâqudfnd, ad eiydf trmjbtbiffda j‒mttdbfjrd jds jâ`bts jd jiffâds paus âadvâs
nifsbstd è muoedftdr am amrodur jd `mfjd ju sbofma. Emakdurdusdedft, muoedftdr am

=;
 

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

amrodur jd `mfjd ju sbofma j'uf nmfma jd nieeufbnmtbif df muoedftmft ad jâ`bt jd

sye`iads j'ufd pirtdusd eijuaâd muoedftd sm sdfsb`babtâ mux âvmfiubssdedfts pmr
trmldts euatbpads. Xiur ads nmfmux è amrod `mfjd pmssmftd, ufd siautbif pmrtbdaad è am
râsiautbif ju pri`aëed jds trmldts euatbpads nifsbstd è utbabsdr ufd sârbd jd sius-
 pirtdusds supdrpisâds è `mfjd âtribtd. Fif sduadedft a'utbabsmtbif jd sius-pirtdusds

IGJE qub sd nkdvmunkdft meâabird a'dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad, embs ads jâ`bts jd sye`iads
 paus `ms utbabsâs pmr ads sius-pirtdusds
sius-pirtdusds è `mfjd âtribtd râjubsdft a'bepmnt jds prijubts jd
sbofmux è trmldts euatbpads.

Ads nmfmux jd nieeufbnmtbif EBEI mppirtdft ufd siautbif bftârdssmftd mu

 pri`aëed jd am pripmomtbif pmr trmldts
trmldt s euatbpads
euatbpa ds df dxbodmft pausbdurs trmldts jd sbofma.
Df dggdt, ads systëeds EBEI utbabsdft ufd nie`bfmbsif jd pausbdurs mftdffds dt jd
 pausbdurs nkdebfs jd sbofma piur mnquârbr jds niffmbssmfnds sur ad nmfma jd
nieeufbnmtbif. Df utbabsmft am jbedfsbif spmtbmad j'ufd abmbsif jd nieeufbnmtbif, ads
systëeds EBEI pduvdft mttdbfjrd jds jâ`bts jd jiffâds fdttdedft supârbdurs è ndux
jds nmfmux ^B^I (^bfoad Bfput, ^bfoad Iutput) trmjbtbiffdas. Jmfs uf systëed 0 x 0
EBEI, ads sbofmux sd pripmodft ad aifo jd pausbdurs nkdebfs jd a'âedttdur mux
mftdffds ju rândptdur.

Df utbabsmft ndttd niffmbssmfnd jd nmfma, uf rândptdur pdut rânupârdr jds gaux

bfjâpdfjmfts jd nkmnufd jds mftdffds jd a'âedttdur. Tf systëed EBEI 0 x 0 oâfërd
jdux gaux spmtbmux pdredttmft jd jiu`adr dggbnmndedft ad jâ`bt `bfmbrd emxbema jd nd
qub pdut ìtrd i`tdfu mvdn uf nmfma jd nieeufbnmtbif ^B^I = x = trmjbtbiffda.

Am nmpmnbtâ emxbemad jd nmfma j‒uf systëed EBEI pdut ìtrd dstbeâd df

gifntbif jd F gaux spmtbmux. Tfd mpprixbemtbif jd `msd jd am nmpmnbtâ ju nmfma EBEI
dst gifntbif jds gaux spmtbmux, jd am amrodur jd `mfjd dt ju rmppirt sbofma sur `rubt
(^FP). Daad dst baaustrâd jmfs a‒âqumtbif subvmftd < 

N 5 F @ aio0 (= + ^FP) S`bt/sU (0.0)

Iu N  dst am nmpmnbtâ ju nmfma,  F  dst ad fie`rd ju gaux spmtbmux, @ am amrodur jd `mfjd
ju nmfma dt ^FP dst ad rmppirt sbofma sur `rubt.

Nieptd tdfu jd a'âqumtbif jd am nmpmnbtâ jd nmfma EBEI, ba dst pissb`ad

j'âtujbdr am rdamtbif dftrd ad fie`rd jd gaux spmtbmux dt ad jâ`bt jd jbggârdftds
bepaâedftmtbifs jd nifgbourmtbifs ^B^I dt EBEI. S=>U

=2
 

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

0.4 Emssbvd EBEI

 Gbourd 0.4. Tfd baaustrmtbif jd EBEI emssbvd

EBEI pdut ìtrd râsueâd sdaif uf prbfnbpd < ad euatbpadxmod spmtbma EBEI nifsbstd
è utbabsdr sbeuatmfâedft ads eìeds grâqudfnds rmjbiâadntrbquds piur trmfsedttrd jds
sbofmux jbggârdfts. Ndam sbofbgbd qud pausbdurs mftdffds j'âebssbif j'ufd stmtbif jd `msd
 pduvdft âedttrd jds sbofmux jbggârdfts dt qud pausbdurs mftdffds jd rândptbif j'uf
mppmrdba pduvdft ads rdndvibr dt ads jbvbsdr
jb vbsdr sbeuatmfâedft.

Ads râsdmux EBEI stmfjmrj utbabsdft oâfârmadedft jdux iu qumtrd mftdffds piur
trmfsedttrd ads jiffâds dt ad eìed fie`rd piur ads rdndvibr. Emssbvd EBEI, df
rdvmfnkd, dst uf systëed EBEI mvdn uf fie`rd j'mftdffds pmrtbnuabërdedft âadvâ.
Emssbvd EBEI muoedftd ad fie`rd j'mftdffds j'âebssbif (jds jbzmbfds iu paus jd =88

âaâedfts) sur ufd stmtbif jd `msd (gbourd 0.4). Emssbvd EBEI pripisd jdux
bffivmtbifs emldurds <

0.4.=  @dmegirebfo 

Dst uf systëed jd sbofmabsmtbif ju trmgbn piur stmtbifs jd `msd ndaauambrds qub

bjdftbgbd am vibd jd trmfsebssbif jd jiffâds am paus dggbnmnd piur uf utbabsmtdur
 pmrtbnuabdr dt râjubt ads bftdrgârdfnds piur ads utbabsmtdurs è prixbebtâ. Mux stmtbifs jd
 `msd EBEI emssbvds, jds maoirbtkeds jd trmbtdedft ju sbofma trmndft ad edbaadur
btbfârmbrd jd trmfsebssbif pmr vibd mârbdffd vdrs nkmqud utbabsmtdur. Bas pduvdft dfsubtd

dfviydr jds pmqudts jd jiffâds bfjbvbjudas jmfs jd fie`rdusds jbrdntbifs jbggârdftds,

df ads rdfviymft jds `àtbedfts dt j‒mutrds i`ldts sdaif uf eijëad pmrgmbtdedft

08
 

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

niirjiffâ. Df râsueâ, pdfsdz è am tdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbvd df tmft qud strunturd >J
emssbvd muoedftmft ads nmpmnbtâs jd niuvdrturd kirbziftmad dt vdrtbnmad.

 Gbourd 0.7. ^ystëed Emssbvd EBEI df trmfsebssbif euatb-utbabsmtdurs S=4U

0.4.0  ET-EBEI

Muoedftd dfnird am nmpmnbtâ titmad pmr stmtbif jd `msd df pdredttmft am

nieeufbnmtbif mvdn pausbdurs pârbpkârbquds utbabsmft ads
a ds eìeds rdssiurnds, nrâmft mbfsb
uf nútâ pârbpkârbqud prmtbqudedft ufbgbâ. A'utbabsmtbif sbeuatmfâd jds mftdffds jd
 pausbdurs pârbpkârbquds pdredt jd nrâdr jds nmfmux vbrtudas EBEI è ormfjd ânkdaad. Am
nie`bfmbsif jd nds jdux bffivmtbifs pdredt j'muoedftdr am vbtdssd jd trmfsebssbif
smfs gba df muoedftmft ad fie`rd j'mftdffds jd am stmtbif jd `msd smfs nifsieedr paus
jd `mfjd pmssmftd fb muoedftdr ads vmadurs jd eijuamtbif .S=7U

0.7 Nmrmntârbstbquds jd Emssbvd EBEI

Emssbvd EBEI dst ufd gired jd strunturd ET-EBEI jmfs amqudaad am vmrbâtâ
j'mftdffds @^ dt ad fie`rd j'TZ sift âfireds. Jmfs Emssbvd EBEI, jds ebaabdrs
j'mftdffds @^ jdssdrvdft sbeuatmfâedft jds jbzmbfds, vibrd jds ndftmbfds j'utbabsmtdurs,
mvdn ads eìeds rdssiurnds jd grâqudfnd. Ndrtmbfs pibfts dssdftbdas jd Emssbvd EBEI
sift <

0.7.=  A'âviautbvbtâ

Am stmtbif jd `msd mpprdfj ads nmfmux vbm uf mpprdftbssmod jd abmbsif eiftmftd, mvdn
ipârmtbif ZJJ. Ad tdeps rdqubs piur a'dstbemtbif ju nmfma dst bfjâpdfjmft ju fie`rd
j'mftdffds @^. Xmr nifsâqudft, am amrod omeed j'mftdffds @^ pdut ìtrd mussb amrod qud
siukmbtâ smfs dxtdfsbif jd am surnkmrod j'dstbemtbif jd nmfma. Jd paus, ad trmbtdedft ju

0=
 

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

sbofma è nkmqud TZ dst dssdftbda dt fd jâpdfj pms jd a'dxbstdfnd j'mutrds TZ, ad

trmbtdedft ju sbofma pmr jâeuatbpadxmod dst dggdntuâ mu fbvdmu jds TZ. A'mliut iu am
 pdrtd jd ndrtmbfs TZ
TZ ju sdrvbnd f'm paus j'bfnbjdfnd sur
sur ads mutrds mntbvbtâs
mntbvbtâs TZ.

0.7.0  Emssbvd EBEI prâgërd ZJJ ^nkded

Df eijd GJJ, a ‒dstbemtbif jd nmfma rdpisd sur ad fie`rd j‒mftdffds @^ E. Xmr

niftrd, df eijd ZJJ, ad tdeps j‒dstbemtbif jd nmfma dst fif `bmbsâ   jd E. Jmfs
Emssbvd EBEI, E dst ormfjd, dt pmr nifsâqudft, ad gifntbiffdedft ZJJ dst
 prâgârm`ad. Xmr dxdepad, suppisifs qud a'bftdrvmaad jd nikârdfnd sibt Z 5 088 sye`iads
(nirrdspifjmft è uf tdeps jd nikârdfnd jd = es dt è ufd amrodur jd `mfjd jd nikârdfnd
jd 088 cKz). Dfsubtd, jmfs ads systëeds GJJ, am qumftbtâ j'mftdffds @^ dt am qumftbtâ
j'TZ sift abebtâds pmr E + C 1088, tmfjbs qud jmfs ads systëeds ZJJ, am niftrmbftd sur
E dt C dst 0C 1088. If pdut vibr sur am gbourd 0.? qud am pamnd GJJ dst `dmuniup paus
 pdtbtd qud am râobif ZJJ. Mvdn ZJJ, a‒mliut
a ‒mliut j‒mftdffds suppaâe
suppaâedftmbrds
dftmbrds f‒mggdntd
f‒mggdntd paus

ads siurnds fândssmbrds è a‒mnqubsbtbif ju nm fma.

 Gbourd 0.?. Am
 Am niftrmbftd jd E dt C sur ZJJ dt GJJ piur uf systë
systëed
ed EBEI emssbg.

Am gbourd 0.? eiftrd ad ombf ânrmsmft jd ZJJ sur GJJ piur ads TZ. A'mxd vdrtbnma
nirrdspifj mu fie`rd j'mftdffds @^ dt a'mxd kirbziftma è am qumftbtâ j'TZ.
A'depamndedft `adu nambr bfjbqud ads jbedfsbifs ju omjodt mnndssb`ads mvdn ZJJ pmr

rmppirt è am zifd riuod `dmuniup paus pdtbtd piur GJJ. 

00
 

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

0.7.>  Ad râsdmu j'mftdffds fd jibt pms ìtrd pkysbqudedft ormfj

Xmr dxdepad, bemobfdz uf râsdmu nyabfjrbqud jd =0; mftdffds, nieprdfmft qumtrd

ndrnads jd =7 âaâedfts j'mftdffd `bpiamrbsâs. ^daif è 0,7 OKz, am jbstmfnd dftrd ads
mftdffds mjlmndftds dst j'dfvbrif 7 ne, nd qub nirrdspifj è am eibtbâ jd am aifoudur

j'ifjd, dt pmr nifsâqudft, nd râsdmu innupd ufbqudedft ufd jbedfsbif pkysbqud jd 0;

ne sur 02 ne.

0.7.:  Emssbvd EBEI iggrd ufd pripmomtbif gmvirm`ad

Am pripmomtbif gmvirm`ad, jânrbtd nieed ufd irtkioifmabtâ eutudaad dftrd ads nmfmux
vdntdurs mux tdrebfmux, dst a'uf jds gmntdurs naâs ju nmfma rmjbi utbabsâ jmfs Emssbvd
EBEI. Ndpdfjmft, ba y m du pdu jd trmvmba sur ndttd qudstbif df jâtmba. Mu gur dt è
edsurd qud ad fie`rd j'mftdffds @^ utbabsâds muoedftd, Emssbvd EBEI tdfj è mvibr
ufd pripmomtbif gmvirm`ad. Ndttd râmabtâ tbdft è am râoadedftmtbif jd ormfjs fie`rdsS=?U 

0.?  Mvmftmods jds systëeds Emssbvd EBEI

Ads prbfnbpmux mvmftmods jds systëeds Emssbvd EBEI pduvdft ìtrd râsueâs
nieed subt S=;U < 

✞  Ombf j‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad âadvâ.

✞  Ombf j‒dggbnmnbtâ âfdroâtbqud âadvâ.
✞  Zrmbtdedft sbepad.
✞  Muoedftmtbif ju jâ`bt jd jiffâds.
✞  Muoedftmtbif ju rmppirt sbofma sur `rubt jd abmbsif jd `msd.
✞  Pdfgirndedft jds nmfmux
0.; Zypds Emssbvd EBEI

0.;.=  ^bfoad-Tsdr EBEI

Df rmbsif jd am oìfd pkysbqud jds tdrebfmux, ad fie`rd j'mftdffds sur ad tdrebfma

dst oâfârmadedft `bdf bfgârbdur è E. Jd nd gmbt, ads strunturds ^T-EBEI dftrdft jmfs ad
nms = airsqu'uf fie`rd nifsbjârm`ad j'mftdffds sift bfstmaaâds è am stmtbif jd `msd, dt
jifn prigbtdr jds mvmftmods jd a'irtkioifmabsmtbif jd nmfma sb ads nbrnifstmfnds
gmvirm`ads jd pripmomtbif jd nmfma sift vmam`ads. Ndpdfjmft, ads nmfmux ^T-EBEI
 pduvdft ìtrd dxtrmirjbfmbrdedft nirrâaâs ju gmbt jd am gmb`ad jbstmfnd
jb stmfnd jds mftdffds nútâ

0>
 

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

tdrebfma dt jd a'dfvbriffdedft jd vbsb`babtâ jbrdntd vbm`ad. Ju pibft jd vud jd a'dggbnmnbtâ

a 'dggbnmnbtâ
âfdroâtbqud, a'utbabsmtbif j'uf râsdmu j'mftdffds emssbg piur jdssdrvbr ufd sduad iu ufd
 pdtbtd qumftbtâ j‒TZ (gbourd 0.2) pdut âomadedft fd pms ìtrd lujbnbdusd. Xmr nifsâqudft,
jmfs nd nms, am râmabsmtbif jd EBEI emssbg piur ^T-EBEI pdut âomadedft ìtrd abebtâd.

 Gbourd 0.;. ^bfoad-Tsdr Emssbvd EBEI  

  ∜   +    (0.>)

 Fitifs pmr Xu, ad ^FP jd am abmbsif eiftmftd, pmr k, ad vdntdur jd râpifsd ju nmfma,

 pmr s, ad vdntdur ju sye`iad dt pmr w, ad vdntdur jd `rubt M_OF.

0.;.0  Euatb-Tsdr Emssbvd EBEI

Airsqud pausbdurs tdrebfmux sift mutirbsâs è mnnâjdr è ufd rdssiurnd tdeps-

grâqudfnd bjdftbqud (gbourd 0.=8), ET-EBEI iggrd ufd dggbnmnbtâ systëed supârbdurd è
ndaad jd ^T-EBEI. Jmfs ndttd sdntbif, fius prdfifs df nifsbjârmtbif ads systëeds
ET-EBEI è ndaauad ufbqud, jmfs adsqudas am stmtbif jd `msd sdrt jds C TZ, nkmqud
tdrebfma âtmft âqubpâ j'ufd mftdffd. Ad sbofma rdïu sur am stmtbif jd `msd j'uf systëed
ET-EBEI sur am abmbsif eiftmftd dst <

∝ 
  5∜ 
 +    (0.:)

  ∜   +    (0.4)
y dst am emtrbnd jd sbofma rdïu E ß =,
 ∌  . Iu K 5 S  …  
… U rdprâsdftd ad vdntdur jd nmfma dftrd ads mftdffds @^

dt ad c bded TZ,
 ∌  . Iu ^Z5 S  …  
… U rdprâsdftd ad sye`iad trmfsebs pmr ad c bded TZ

0:
 

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

w rdprâsdftd ad `rubt omussbdf `amfn mjjbtbg (M_OF).

 Gbourd 0.2. ^ystëed ET-EBEI emssbg. E-mftdffds jd @^ jdssdrt C sbepad mftdffd

m ftdffd TZ

Airsqud C ≤ 0, ad sbofma i`tdfu jd nkmqud tdrebfma bftdrgërd mvdn ndux jds mutrds

tdrebfmux dt fius jdvifs jifn mftbnbpdr qud ads bfgiremtbifs eutudaads jd nkmqud
tdrebfma piur ET-EBEI sift paus pdtbtds qud ndaads jd ^T-EBEI mvdn am eìed
 pubssmfnd trmfsebsd è nkmqud tdrebfma. Ndpdfjmft, airsqud E 66 C, a'irtkioifmabsmtbif
jd nmfma sd jânadfnkd, jd sirtd qud ad sbofma i`tdfu jd nkmqud tdrebfma dst prdsqud
irtkioifma, n'dst-è-jbrd dxdept j'bftdrgârdfnds jmfs am strunturd jd sbofmabsmtbif
 prbvbaâobâd df jdssius jds nifjbtbifs jd pripmomtbif jd nmfma gmvirm`ads. Jd paus, âtmft
jiffâ qud ads tdrebfmux sift mutifieds, am nifjbtbif jd pripmomtbif jd nmfma gmvirm`ad
dst oâfârmadedft nifgirtm`ad ju gmbt qud ads mftdffds mux tdrebfmux sift prdsqud fif
nirrâaâds dt jâniupaâds. Ndam suooërd qud Emssbvd EBEI dst ad siukmbt jd am

nifgbourmtbif ET-EBEI.
0.;.>  ET- Emssbvd EBEI mvdn Euatb-Ndaa snâfmrbi

Jmfs ndttd sdntbif, fius dfvbsmodifs am rdstrbntbif jds systëeds EBEI

euatbutbabsmtdurs ndaauambrds fif niipârmtbgs mairs qud E ormfjbt smfs abebtd. Xiur ufd
sduad ndaauad, mussb `bdf qud piur am EBEI euatb-ndaauad, ad gmbt jd ambssdr E muoedftdr
smfs abebtd m piur dggdt gbfma jd gmbrd jbspmrmætrd ad `rubt tkdrebqud dt a‒âvmfiubssdft jd
Pmyadbok è pdtbtd ânkdaad. Ziutdgibs, a‒bftdrgârdfnd jd ndaauads jbstbfntds jud è ufd
niftmebfmtbif pbaitd pdrsbstdrm mvdn pausbdurs ndaauads. A'bjâd jd piaautbif pbaitd dst

fiuvdaad jmfs uf niftdxtd ndaauambrd ET-EBEI dt dst baaustrâd è am gbourd 0.== subvmftd.
Ndpdfjmft, a'km`btujd jd pisdr uf pri`aëed jmfs ad niftdxtd jd am NJEM,

04
 

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

oâfârmadedft sius ad tbtrd jd « niftmebfmtbif pbaitd ³. A'dstbemtbif jd nmfma nmanuaâd è

a'mbjd jd am stmtbif jd `msd jmfs am ndaauad a dst niftmebfâd pmr am trmfsebssbif pbaitd jd
am ndaauad l. Am stmtbif jd `msd jd am ndaauad a trmfsedttrm sif sbofma pmrtbdaadedft mux
nútâs jds tdrebfmux jd am ndaauad mjlmndftd. Df rmbsif jd am giremtbif jd gmbsndmu, ad
 `riubaamod nmusâ è am ndaauad l fd jbspmrmæt pms jd emfbërd msyeptitbqud nieed E ←∖.
Tf systëed ndaauambrd euatbutbabsmtdur EBEI-IGJE mvdn jds ndaauads kdxmoifmads dt
jds sius-pirtdusds FGGZ dst gmvirbsâ. Ziutds ads ndaauads jdssdrvdft C tdrebfmux
bfjâpdfjmfts dt jbspisdft jd E mftdffds mu fbvdmu jd am stmtbif jd `msd. Ads stmtbifs jd
 `msd sift suppisâds
suppisâds fif
fif niipârmtbvds.
niipârmtbvds. Am emtrbnd jd nmfmux
nmfmux niepisbtd
niepisbtdss E ß C dftrd ads
C TZ jmfs am ndaauad a dt ads @^ jmfs am ndaauad l dst fitâd  . Df sd `msmft sur am
rânbprinbtâ, am emtrbnd jd nmfma jd abmbsif jdsndfjmftd dftrd am stmtbif jd `msd jd am

ndaauad l dt ads tdrebfmux jd am ndaauad a dst prâsdftâd pmr  Z
. Ad sbofma rdïu è am lbëed @^
sdrm ad subvmft<

  5 ∝5 ∜ 

  + 
    (0.7)


  ∝5 ∜ 
 +   (0.?)

 Gbourd 0.=8. Am @^ jmfs am a-bëed

a-bëed ndaauad dt ad c-bëed TZ jmfs am l-bëed ndaauad

0.;.:  EBEI emssbg jbstrb`uâd

Jbstrb`uâ Emssbvd EBEI pdut ìtrd trmbtâ nieed uf nms jbstbfnt jd ET-EBEI mgbf
jd giurfbr df paus ufd paus ormfjd nmpmnbtâ systëed df utbabsmft jds mftdffds jâpaiyâds
jbspdrsâds piur âedttrd dt rdndvibr jds sbofmux. A‒uf jds eânmfbseds jd am EBEI

emssbvd jânmbssâd nifsbstd è pdredttrd am niipârmtbif dftrd ads stmtbifs jd `msd jmfs jds
ndaauads jbstbfntds, nd qub râjubt ads bftdrgârdfnds dftrd ads ndaauads. Ndpdfjmft, am
 07

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

syfnkrifbsmtbif
syfnkrifbsmtbif jdvbdft uf pri`aëed dssdftbda eìed piur ads mftdffds jbstrb`uâds jmfs
am eìed stmtbif jd `msd. Jmfs ndrtmbfs nms, am qumftbtâ emssbvd j'mftdffds mu fbvdmu jd
am stmtbif jd `msd pdut df iutrd ìtrd pisbtbiffâd è jds dfjribts ufbquds (pmr dxdepad, mu
sieedt jds `àtbedfts). Jmfs nd nms, am syfnkrifbsmtbif dst uf pri`aëed, dt a‒bftdrgmnd
PG pdu niótdusd pdut âomadedft pisdr jd paus ormfjs pri`aëeds. S=?U 

0.2 Niepmrmbsif dftrd EBEI trmjbtbiffda dt EBEI emssbg

Niepmrâs mu EBEI trmjbtbiffda, ads mvmftmods ju EBEI emssbg
emssbg bfnaudft <
•   Meâabirmtbif jd ^D
•   ]umftbtâ emssbvd jd jdorâs jd ab`drtâ jmfs ad jiembfd spmtbma
•   @iffds pdrgiremfnds systëed mvdn ufbqudedft uf snkâem jd prâ-nijmod
abfâmbrd (sbepad), pmr dx Girïmod fua, trmfsebssbif ju rmppirt emxbema, drrdur
qumjrmtbqud eiydffd ebfbemad
•   Gmnbabtdr a'maainmtbif jds rdssiurnds.S=2U 

0.=8  Eijëad ju systëed

Jmfs ads systëeds EBEI emssbgs, uf ormfj fie`rd j'mftdffds sift âqubpâds df
stmtbif jd `msd. Ad eijëad jd systëed dst baaustrâ è am gbourd 0.=0. Ad nútâ omunkd
 prâsdftd ad
a d prindssus jd abmbsif eiftmftd, tmfjbs qud ad nútâ jribt dst uf prindssus jd
abmbsif jdsndfjmftd. If pdut vibr sur ndttd bemod qud, airsqud ads utbabsmtdurs tdftdft jd
nieeufbqudr mvdn am stmtbif jd `msd, adur gaux jd jiffâds jibt ìtrd prâ-ni jâ j‒m`irj df
gifntbif jds bfgiremtbifs j‒âtmt jd nmfma i`tdfuds, qub sift dstbeâds pmr a‒dfvib jd am
sâqudfnd pbaitd.

 Gbourd 0.==. Ad eijëad ju systëed

systëed EBEI emssbg
 0?

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

^ur am `msd ju eijëad jd systëed, fius piuvifs gmnbadedft i`tdfbr uf eijëad

emtkâemtbqud piur ads systëeds EBEI emssbgs,

  
    ̄ 5  +   0.;) 

℀ ∋∟
dst ad sbofma trmfsebs,     ̄ dst ad sbofma rdïu, . dst emtrbnd jd prâ-

0.== 

nijmod.  dst ufd emtrbnd jd nmfmux, K
℀ 
Zdnkfbquds jd prâ-nijmod abfâmbrd
 ß .   ̄ dst uf vdntdur jd `rubt.S=2U 

Ads tdnkfbquds jd prâ-nijmod abfâmbrd, pmrgibs âomadedft mppdaâds giremtbif jd

gmbsndmu, ift âtâ amrodedft jâvdaippâds mu niurs jds jdrfbërds jândffbds. Ba dst
nifsbjârâ nieed uf eiydf mvmftmodux j‒dxpaibtdr tiutd am jbvdrsbtâ jd am nkmæfd. Xiur
ads systëeds ET-EBEI, df suppismft uf nmfma è âvmfiubssdedft pamt, ads tdnkfbquds
jd prâ-nijmod sift utbabsâds piur giredr uf sbofma jd gmbsndmu vbm a'utbabsmtdur nb`ad tiut
df râjubsmft ads bftdrgârdfnds jds mutrds utbabsmtdurs. Df oâfârma, iutrd ads eâtkijds jd

jâniepisbtbif df vmadurs sbfouabërds (^WJ)

(^WJ) è iptbebsmtbif jd nmpmnbtâ, ads eâtkijds jd
 prâ-nijmod abfâmbrd pduvdft ìtrd namssâds sdaif jdux mpprinkds < a‒mpprinkd pmr girïmod
zâri (\G) tdaad qud \G dt am eâtkijd \G (P\G)
(P\G) râouamrbsâd / drrdur qumjrmtbqud eiydffd
ebfbemad (EE^D). Ndttd mpprinkd nkdrnkd è ebfbebsdr Bftdrgârdfnd j'mnnës euatbpad
 pmreb ads utbabsmtdurs dt nifjubt è ufd mrnkbtdnturd ndftrmabsâd jmfs amqudaad am stmtbif
stmtb if jd
 `msd rdnudbaad am râpifsd jd nmfma jd tius aads
ds utbabsmtdurs piur giredr am emtrbnd jd prâ-
prâ -
nijmod. A‒mpprinkd jd prâ -nijmod nifluouâ dst `msâd sur a‒maoirbtked jd rmppirt
emxbeue (EP), jmfs ad `ut jd emxbebsdr am pubssmfnd jd sbofma utbad ju nútâ rândptbif.
Ndttd mpprinkd utbabsd oâfârmadedft ad nifluouâ jd am râpifsd jd nmfma df tmft qud prâ-

nijdurs, piur pdredttrd mux sbofmux prâ-nijâs âebs pmr jbggârdftds mftdffds jd
s'mliutdr "df pkmsd" è a'depamndedft ju rândptdur, nd pkâfieëfd dst âomadedft mppdaâ
ginmabsmtbif spmtbmad. A'mpprinkd jd prâ-nijmod nifluouâ nifjubt siuvdft è ufd
mrnkbtdnturd jândftrmabsâd jmfs amqudaad uf trmbtdedft pmr mftdffd dst râmabsm`ad. Am
niepadxbtâ jd nmanua dst amrodedft râjubtd pmr rmppirt è a'mpprinkd \G. Jmfs ndttd
 pmrtbd, ads jbggârdftds tdnkfbquds jd prâ-nijmod sift prâsdftâds jmfs ad niftdxtd ju
systëed IGJE ET-EBEI, jmfs adquda nkmqud sius-pirtdusd IGJE dst nifsbjârâd
nieed uf sius-nmfma è âvmfiubssdedfts pamts. Tf snâfmrbi jd trmfsebssbif j'ufd @^
mvdn E mftdffds j'âebssbif dt C utbabsmtdurs j'ufd sduad mftdffd dst nifsbjârâ. Tfd

syfnkrifbsmtbif
syfnkrifbsmtbif pmrgmbtd dst suppisâd dftrd am stmtbif jd `msd dt ads utb absmtdurs . S08U 
utbabsmtdurs
 0;

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

0.==.=  ^WJ

Ads tdnkfbquds jd prâ-nijmod `msâds sur am ^WJ sift nifsbjârâds nieed ads
eâtkijds iptbemads piur iptbebsdr ads pdrgiremfnds ju systëed. Df gmbt, ad nmfma
EBEI pdut ìtrd nifstbtuâ j‒uf dfsde`ad jd abmbsifs bfjâpdfjmftds dt pmrmaaëads, ad

fie`rd emxbema jd abmbsifs âtmft âoma mu fie`rd ebfbema j‒mftdffds j‒âebssbif dt jd

rândptbif.

Mvdn uf N^B pmrgmbt, ads nmfmux pmrmaaëads sift âtm`abs df mppabqumft ^WJ è am
emtrbnd jd nmfmux <

Kp 5 TpJpWpK  (0.2)

Iò < Tp  ℀
    dst utbabsâ pmr a'âedttdur nieed emtrbnd jd prâ-nijmod, Wp 
ExE
  

℀ CxC
 dst euatbpabâ pmr ad sbofma ju rândptdur nieed emtrbnd jd pist-nijmod. Jd ndttd
emfbërd, ads sbofmux sift trmfsebs pmr a'bftdreâjbmbrd jd gmbsndmux bfjâpdfjmfts, qub
K
sift df gmbt ads vdntdurs priprds jd am emtrbnd jd nirrâamtbif jd nmfmux K p  Kp. Ads
nkmrods jd pubssmfnd ju gmbsndmu sift ads vmadurs sbfouabërds mu nmrrâ J0p.

A'bfnifvâfbdft jd am eâtkijd ^WJ dst am niepadxbtâ bfgiremtbqud âadvâd. Jd

 paus, am emtrbnd
e mtrbnd jd pist-nijmod jibt ìtrd nieeufbquâd mux utbabsmtdurs
utba bsmtdurs piur jânijdr ad
sbofma rdïu. S08U 

0.==.0  EP 

Mvdn ad rmppirt emxbema (EP), am stmtbif jd `msd siukmbtd emxbebsdr ad ^FP rdïu
jd nkmqud gaux df bofirmft a‒dggdt jd a‒bftdrgârdfnd euatbutbabsmtdur sbofma rdïu nmr ba f'y
m pms j'mttâfumtbif mntbvd jds bftdrgârdfnds. Dfsubtd, am emtrbnd jd prâ-nijmod dst jiffâd
 pmr

 5 νEP KK 
GEP  5 (0.=8)

Iò νEP dst uf snmambrd è firemabsmtbif niftrúamft, am pubssmfnd j'âebssbif dt ad rmppirt

sbofma sur `rubt.

EP emxbebsd ad ombf jd emtrbnd jd am trmfsebssbif, embs jmfs am edsurd iò ba

fâoabod a'dggdt jds bftdrgârdfnds euatbutbabsmtdur, ba gifntbiffd ema jmfs ads snâfmrbis è
ormfjd bftdrgârdfnds. S0=U 
 02

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

0.==.>  \G

Tf snkâem jd prâ-nijmod abfâmbrd qub supprbed tiutd bftdrgârdfnd, bftdrgârdfnd

dftrd sye`iads dt bftdr-utbabsmtdurs, dst mppdaâ girïmod è zâri (\G). Am emtrbnd jd prâ-
nijmod jd \G dst jiffâd pmr ad psduji-bfvdrsd ju nmfma

G\G 5 ν\GKK(KKK)∐=  (0.==)

Iò ν\G dst uf snmambrd firemabsmft

Am prbfnbpmad jbggârdfnd dftrd \G dt EPZ râsbjd jmfs a'bfvdrsbif jd emtrbnd, qub

giurfbt am supprdssbif j'bftdrgârdfnd siukmbtâd. Nd nmanua bfvdrsd pdut dftrmæfdr ufd
muoedftmtbif bepirtmftd jd am niepadxbtâ.  Embs, ads priprbâtâs jds nmfmux EBEI
emssbgs fius pdredttdft jd râjubrd nifsbjârm`adedft am niepadxbtâ jds nmanuas pmr
rmppirt è am râmabsmtbif j‒bfvdrsds emtrbnbdas oâfârmux. S0=U 

0.==.:  P\G/EE^D

Df paus jds prâ-nijdurs EP dt \G, ba dst pissb`ad j'utbabsdr ufd gired râouamrbsâd jd
 prâ-nijmod \G (P\G).
(P\G). Ba s'mobt j'uf prâ-nijdur abfâmbrd sbtuâ dftrd EP dt \G, pmrtmodmft
jds priprbâtâs mvdn ads jdux. Am emtrbnd jd prâ-nijmod P\G pdut ìtrd ânrbtd df tmft qud

GP\G 5 νP\GKK(KKK + ΰrdoBCF)∐=  (0.=0)

Iò am nifstmftd jd râouamrbsmtbif ΰrdo  pdut ìtrd utbabsâd piur ânkmfodr dftrd ombf jd

emtrbnd dt supprdssbif j'bftdrgârdfnd. ^b ΰrdo  dst sâadntbiffâ piur ebfbebsdr a'drrdur
qumjrmtbqud eiydffd (E^D) D || ´ -
 ̀ ´ || , iò ύ dst ufd nifstmftd jd ebsd è a'ânkdaad,
0
 
´ dst Ads sye`iads trmfsebs mux utbabsmtdurs,
̀´
fius i`tdfifs ad prâ-nijdur ebfbema E^D (EE^D). S0=U
  Ads sbofmux rdïus pmr ads utbabsmtdurs,  

0.=0  Jâgbs jd Emssbvd EBEI

Ads systëeds Emssbvd EBEI nmusdft uf ndrtmbf dfoiudedft jdpubs qud ads i`ldntbgs
4O df tdreds jd jâ`bt ift âtâ bftrijubts . N‒dst ufd tdnkfiaiobd jd pibftd , quibqu‒daad
smtbsgmbt jds dxbodfnds jd fiuvdaad oâfârmtbif, daad prâsdftd jds fiuvdmux jâgbs. ^daif
am abttârmturd mntudaad sur ads EBEI emssbgs S00U, ads prbfnbpmads irbdftmtbifs jd
a m gbourd 0.=0 
rdnkdrnkd sur ads EBEI emssbvds sift râpdrtirbâds jmfs am
 >8

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

Am odstbif jds rdssiurnds Xrâ-nijmod dt jâtdntbif

Xdrgiremfnd dt abebtmtbif ^trmtâobds jd

 pkysbqud Jâpaibdedft j'mftdffds

Niftmebfmtbif pbaitd Dstbemtbif ju nmfma

Dggbnmnbtâ âfdroâtbqud

Dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad

Emssbvd EBEI 
 Gbourd 0.=0. Ads jâgbs jd Emssbvd

0.=>  Dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad (^D)

A‒dggbnmnbtâ j‒uf systëed jd nieeufbnmtbif âtmbt trmjbtbiffdaadedft edsurâd pmr

`bt/s/Kz, qub dst jbrdntdedft abâd  è am nmpmnbtâ ju nmfma
a‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad dxprbeâd df `bt/s/Kz,
df  `bt/s. Ndttd eâtrbqud bfjbqud a‒dggbnmnbtâ j‒utbabsmtbif jd am rdssiurnd
rdssiurnd spdntrmad.   Nd
nrbtërd rdfsdbofd sur a‒dggbnmnbtâ j‒utbabsmtbif jd am `mfjd  pmssmftd dt ba dst dxprbeâ pmr ad
rmppirt dftrd ad jâ`bt ju râsdmu P dt am `mfjd pmssmftd ju sbofma S0>U <

^D 5 (`bt/s/Kz) (0.=4)

Zkâirëed =  jd nmfma EE^D dst utbabsâd, am nmpmnbtâ jd nmfma

< ^b ufd dstbemtbif
droijbqud TA jd TD c jmfs am ndaauad l dst jâabebtâd pmr     S`bt/s/KzU jiffâ pmr <S>U 

^DlcTA  ϊϊun D{aio0(=+^BFPTAlc )}   S`bt/s/KzU (0.=7) 

Zkâirëed 0 < Am nmpmnbtâ jd nmfma droijbqud JA jd TD c jmfs am ndaauad l dst

jâabebtâd pmr S>U <

^DlcJA  ϊϊn aio0(=+^BFPJAlc )   (0.=?) 

Iò <
    +   +  
    (0.=;) 
 >=

Nkmpbtrd BB Am Zdnkfiaiobd EBEI emssbg  

Mvdn <   ad tdeps jd nikârdfnd

   ^bofmux pbaitds
pbait ds TA
  ^bofmux jd jiffâds TA
  ^bofmux jd jiffâds JA

 Gbourd 0.=>. @ainc jd nikârdfnd.

0.=:  Nifnausbif 

EBEI sbofbgbd Euatbpad-Bfput/Euatbpad-Iutput 3 df grmfïmbs, « dftrâds euatbpads/sirtbds

euatbpads ³. Ndttd tdnkfiaiobd dst jdvdfud dssdftbdaad piur ads systëeds jd

nieeufbnmtbif _AMF, AZD dt 4O. Daad pissëjd am nmpmnbtâ j‒muoedftdr ad jâ`bt ju

nmfma, a‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad dt am ri`ustdssd vbs -è-vbs jd a‒âvmfiubssdedft ju sbofma dt
jds bftdrgârdfnds. Niftrmbrdedft è uf systëed pissâjmft ufd sduad dftrâd dt ufd sduad
sirtbd (^B^I), a‒utbabsmtbif jd am tdnkfiaiobd EBEI pdut mnnriætrd sdfsb`adedft am
nmpmnbtâ jd abmbsif jds systëeds _AMF, AZD dt 4O S0>U. Am tdnkfiaiobd EBEI giurfbt
jbggârdfts snkâems j‒meâabirmtbif jds pdrgiremfnds jd am abmbsif, fitmeedft ad
trmbtdedft jd am jbvdrsbtâ, ad euatbpadxmod spmtbma, iu dfnird am giremtbif jd gmbsndmux
j‒mftdffds.
 >0

Nkmpbtrd >  ^beuamtbif dt râsuatmt

>.= Bftrijuntbif
Jmfs nd prâsdft nkmpbtrd, fius dxpisifs ads râsuatmts ormpkbquds jd sbeuamtbif,
i`tdfus pmr ad aiobnbda Emtam`, dt nds dxpabnmtbifs. Ads sbeuamtbifs prâsdftdft a‒bepmnt
jd jbggârdfts pmrmeëtrds sur a'dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad j‒uf systëed
systëed EBEI emssbg.  

>.0 Meâabirmtbif jd ^FP
A'i`ldntbg j'uf systëed jd nieeufbnmtbif smfs gba dst jd sdrvbr mutmft j'utbabsmtdurs
qud pissb`ad mvdn ad jâ`bt jd jiffâds ad paus âadvâ pissb`ad, nieptd tdfu jd niftrmbftds
tdaads qud am abebtd jd pubssmfnd jd rmyiffdedft dt ad `ujodt jd gifntbiffdedft. Xiur
meâabirdr ad jâ`bt jd jiffâds, am naâ dst j‒meâabirdr ad rmppirt sbofma sur `rubt (^FP).  

 Gbourd >.=. @DP
 @DP df gifntbif jd ^FP piur
piur jbggârdftd typd jd EBEI 
   >>

Nkmpbtrd BBB râsuatmt 

^beuamtbif dt râsuatmt 

Am gbourd >.= prâsdftd am vmrbmtbif jd tmux j'drrdur @DP df gifntbif jd rmppirt

sbofma sur `rubt piur jds systëeds jitâs pmr jds mftdffds ^B^I (=x=), ^BEI (=x:) dt
EBEI (:x:), jmfs ad nmfma smfs gba ad paus sbepad m ufd pripmomtbif df vbsb`babtâ jbrdntd
(AI^). Ndttd gbourd eiftrd nieedft a'mjiptbif jd râsdmux j'mftdffds pdut mbjdr è
meâabirdr ad ^FP dt am nmpmnbtâ j'ufd abmbsif smfs gba.

D` / F8 (Zkd dfdroy pdr `bt ti fibsd piwdr spdntrma jdfsbty rmtbi) dst uf
 pmrmeëtrd bepirtmft jmfs am nieeufbnmtbif fueârbqud iu am trmfsebssbif jd jiffâds.
Ba s'mobt j'ufd edsurd firemabsâd jd ^FP, âomadedft mppdaâd "^FP pmr `bt". N'dst
 pmrtbnuabërdedft utbad airsqud a'if niepmrd ads pdrgiremfnds jd @DP jd jbggârdfts
snkâems jd eijuamtbif fueârbqud smfs prdfjrd df nieptd am `mfjd pmssmftd.

>.> Nmpmnbtâ jd nmfma
Am gbourd nb-mprës prâsdftd am vmrbmtbif jd nmpmnbtâ jd nmfma df gifntbif ju
rmppirt sbofma/`rubt piur jbggârmft emtrbnd j‒mftdffds EBEI emssbg , mvdn ufd
dstbemtbif jd nmfma jd Pmyadbok.

 Gbourd >.0. Nmpmnbtâ ju nmfma df gifntbif jd ^FP piur jbggârdftd E

 >:

Nkmpbtrd BBB râsuatmt 

^beuamtbif dt râsuatmt 

Am gbourd >.0 eiftrd am niepmrmbsif jd am nmpmnbtâ ju systëed dftrd pausbdurs

bepamftmtbifs j‒mftdffds EBEI emssbg. Ad râsuatmt nifgbred qud a‒muoedftmtbif jd
fie`rd j‒mftdffd jmfs ad systëed jiffd ufd edbaadurd nmpmnbtâ df meâabirmft ad
rmppirt ^FP.

>.: ZJJ dt GJJ
Am Gbourd
Gbourd >.> niepbaâ piur ufd trmfsebssbif df abmbsif jdsndfjmftd mvdn C 5 =8
utbabsmtdurs, uf ^FP5 4 j@, jds nmfmux è mttâfumtbif jd Pmyadbok fif nirrâaâs dt uf
snkâem jd prâ-nijmod \G.
\G. Ndttd sbeuamtbif
sbeuamtb if niepmrd am ^D i`tdfud mvdn N^B pmrgmbt è am
 pdrgiremfnd airsqud N^B dst dstbeâd mvdn jds sâqudfnds pbaitds jd aifoudur ϊ p. Am ^D
dst rdprâsdftâd df gifntbif ju fie`rd j'mftdffds E jd @^, dt fius niepmrifs ad eijd
ZJJ piur ϊ p 5 C 5 =8 mvdn ad eijd GJJ piur ϊ p 5 =8,ϊ p 5 E iu ϊ p 5 ebf (E 3 48) S:U. 

>.>. A‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrma sur am abmbsif jdsndfjmftd df gifntbif jd fie`rd

 Gbourd >.>. A‒dggbnmnbtâ fie`rd j‒mftdffds E
jd @^ pmr jbggârdftds tdnkfbquds jd trmfsebssbif

Df eijd ZJJ, am gbourd >.> prâsdftd ufd pdrtd jd pdrgiremfnd vbsb`ad pmr

rmppirt è uf N^B pmrgmbt. Am pdrtd jd pdrgiremfnd piur ad prâ-nijmod \G, jud mux
drrdurs j'dstbemtbif qub rdfjdft am supprdssbif jds bftdrgârdfnds paus jbggbnbad. Fius
 >4

Nkmpbtrd BBB râsuatmt 

^beuamtbif dt râsuatmt 

fitifs qud ads pdrtds jd pdrgiremfnd sift sdfsb`adedft nifstmftds quda qud sibt ad
fie`rd jd @^ mftdffds, ads systëeds ZJJ `âfâgbnbdft jifn tiuliurs jd a‒mliut jd
fiuvdaads mftdffds. Df rdvmfnkd, ads systëeds GJJ fd `âfâgbnbdft jd a'mliut j'mftdffds
suppaâedftmbrds qud sb ads sâqudfnds pbaitds sift âomadedft rmaaifoâds

>.4 Xrâ-nijmod
Jmfs ads nms subvmfts, ba y m ufd fdttd muoedftmtbif ju ^D df muoedftmft ad fie`rd
j'mftdffds (E). Am jbggârdfnd dst mppmrud jd typd jd trmbtdedft utbabsâ piur râjubrd
a‒bftdrgârdfnd.

>.4.=  Abmbsif eiftmftd (TA)

 Fius maaifs embftdfmft niepmrdr ads jbggârdfts snkâems jd nie`bfmbsif jd

rândptbif. Jmfs ndttd sbeuamtbif, fius nifsbjârifs C 5 =8 TD pmr ndaauad dt uf fie`rd
vmrbm`ad j'mftdffds @^.

>.:. A‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad jd abmbsif eiftmftd df gifntbif jd fie`rd j‒mftdffds E jd

 Gbourd >.:. A‒dggbnmnbtâ
 @^ piur jds jbggârdfts
jbggârdfts prâ-nijmods
 >7

Nkmpbtrd BBB râsuatmt 

^beuamtbif dt râsuatmt 

Am Gbourd >.: eiftrd am sieed jd am eiydffd ^D jds abmbsifs eiftmftds df

gifntbif ju fie`rd j'mftdffds @^ piur am râutbabsmtbif ufbvdrsdaad jd pbaitd mvdn g 5 =.
E-EE^D jiffd am paus ormfjd ^D jd am Gbourd >.:. Am ^D râjubt uf pdu mvdn nkmqud
mpprixbemtbif gmbtd piur i`tdfbr uf snkâem eibfs niepadxd qud E-EE^D. Fitdz qud
P\G dt \G jiffdft dssdftbdaadedft am eìed dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad jmfs am omeed E ≤08

qub prâsdftd uf bftârìt prbfnbpma jmfs Emssbvd EBEI, embs qud ad ^D mvdn \G sd
jâormjd rmpbjdedft piur E 108 nmr am @^ fd jbspisd pms jd suggbsmeedft jd jdorâs jd
ab`drtâ piur mffuadr ads bftdrgârdfnds smfs mffuamft âomadedft ufd ormfjd pmrtbd ju
sbofma siukmbtâ. Xmr nifsâqudft, \G jibt ìtrd âvbtâ piur pmrvdfbr è ufd ebsd df Şuvrd
ri`ustd. Ba dst bftârdssmft jd fitdr qud am EP fd giurfbt qud am eibtbâ jd am ^D jds mutrds
snkâems, embs daad râjubt âomadedft am niepadxbtâ jd =8% pmr rmppirt mu giremt P\G.

>.4.0  Abmbsif jdsndfjmftd (JA)

 Fius maaifs embftdfmft niepmrdr am ^D i`tdfud mvdn jbggârdfts snkâems jd prâ-

prâ -
nijmod. Fius nifsbjârifs ad eìed snâfmrbi qud jmfs am sbeuamtbif TA, nd qub sbofbgbd
qud C5 =8 TD pmr ndaauad
ndaaua d dt uf fie`rd vmrbm`ad j'mftdffds @^ S>U.

>.4. A‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad jd abmbsif jdsndfjmftd df gifntbif jd fie`rd

 Gbourd >.4. A‒dggbnmnbtâ fie`rd j‒mftdffds E
jd @^ piur jds jbggârdfts prâ-nijmods
 >?

Nkmpbtrd BBB râsuatmt 

^beuamtbif dt râsuatmt 

Am gbourd >.4 eiftrd am sieed eiydffd ^D jd abmbsif jdsndfjmftd mvdn g 5 =.

 Fius nifsbjârifs ad prâ-nijmod E-EE^D, P\G, \G dt EP. Nds snkâems jd prâ-
nijmod sd niepirtdft jd am eìed emfbërd qu‒m am abmbsif eiftmftd. Ad E -EE^D
giurfbt ad ^D ad paus âadvâ piur uf fie`rd qudanifqud j'mftdffds. P\G dt \G
giurfbssdft prdsqud ad eìed ^D, smug qud \G pisd jds pri`aëeds jd ri`ustdssd piur E
108 mftdffds. Dfgbf, EP giurfbt ad ^D ad paus `ms pmreb ttius
ius ads snkâems.

Nieed jmfs a'TA, am niepadxbtâ jd nmanua dst paus ormfjd piur ads snkâems jd
 prâ-nijmod / nie`bfmbsif
nie`bfmbsif qub giurfbssdft jds ^D paus
paus âadvâds, dt fius piuvifs
piuvifs jâsbofdr
E-EE^D, P\G dt EP nieed tribs niepriebs jbstbfnts dftrd uf ^D âadvâ dt ufd
niepadxbtâ gmb`ad. Nd sift ads snkâems è nkibsbr dftrd ufd ebsd df Şuvrd prmtbqud. 

>.7 Pâutbabsmtb
Pâutbabsmtbif
if ju pbaitd

Xiur mvibr uf mpdrïu jd a‒dggdt jd am râutbabsmtbif pbaitd, Am Gbourd >.7 prâsdftd

a‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad df tdfmft nieptd ju fie`rd j‒utbabsmtdurs dt ju gmntdur jd
râutbabsmtbif pbaitd piur ad snkâem jd jâtdntbif \G. Daad eiftrd nieedft a‒dggbnmnbtâ
spdntrmad ju systëed sd jâormjd mvdn a‒muoedftmtbif ju fie`rd j‒utba bsmtdurs dt ju
gmntdur jd râutbabsmtbif pbaitd.

^FP508j@
^FP58j@

>.7. A‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrma df gifntbif jd fie`rd j‒utbabsmtdurs,

 Gbourd >.7. A‒dggbnmnbtâ j‒utbabsmtdurs, mvdn jbggârdfts gmntdurs
jd râutbabsmtbif pbaitds. Xiur ^FP 58j@ dt ^FP508j@
 >;

Nkmpbtrd BBB râsuatmt 

^beuamtbif dt râsuatmt 

Am prdebërd i`sdrvmtbif jd am gbourd dst qud ads jdux fbvdmux jd ^FP 5 8 j@ dt

08 j@, jiffdft prdsqud ads eìeds pdrgiremfnds. Ndam eiftrd qud Emssbvd EBEI
gifntbiffd mussb `bdf mvdn jds ^FP âadvâs qud gmb`ads. Dfsubtd, fius rdemrquifs qud
jbggârdfts gmntdurs jd râutbabsmtbif jds pbaitds sift siukmbtm`ads piur jbggârdftds nkmrods.
Tfd râutbabsmtbif pbaitd jd g 5 > dst siukmbtâd è gmb`ad nkmrod, tmfjbs qud g 5 = dst
fândssmbrd airsqud C dst ormfj. Df sâadntbiffmft nirrdntdedft g, nirdspmfj mux sieedts
jds niur`ds jd am gbourd , Emssbvd EBEI
EBEI pdut giurfbr uf ^D âadvâ sur uf amrod bftdrvma
jd nkmrod j'utbabsmtdurs.

>.? Iptbebsmtbif jd ^D df gifntbif jd E dt C

 Gbourd >.?. A‒dggbnmnbtâ
>.?. A‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad df gifntbif jd fie`rd j‒mftdffds
j‒mftdffds E jd @^ dt ad fie`rd
j'utbabsmtdurs iptbema piur uf ^D ad paus
p aus âadvâ.

Am Gbourd >.? eiftrd ad ^D df gifntbif ju fie`rd j'mftdffds E jd @^. Gbxmft

ad gmntdur jd râutbabsmtbif è g5> dt uf prâ-nijmod \G dst utbabsâ piur muoedftdr ad
fie`rd j'mftdffds mvdn uf ^FP5 8 j@. Ad fie`rd j'utbabsmtdurs mntbgs dst iptbebsâ
j'i`tdfbr a‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad ad paus âadvâ. Ads fie`rds
 piur nkmqud E mgbf j'i`tdfbr

j'utbabsmtdurs iptbemux sift âomadedft bfjbquâs sur am gbourd.

 >2

Nkmpbtrd BBB râsuatmt 

^beuamtbif dt râsuatmt 

Ba dst bepirtmft jd fitdr qud ad fie`rd j'utbabsmtdurs mntbgs muoedftd

 pmrmaaëadedft mu ^D jd am Gbourd
Gbourd >.?. ^b
^b a'if jbvbsd am niur`d
niur`d supârbdurd pmr am niur`d ju
 `ms, ndam jiffd ad ^D
^D pmr utbabsmtdur.

>.; Nifnausbif

Jmfs nd nkmpbtrd a‒bepmnt jd jbggârdfts pmrmeëtrds sur a'dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad j‒uf

systëed EBEI emssbg dst prâsdftâ. J‒iò if pdut nifnaud qud  < a‒muoedftmtbif jd
fie`rd jds mftdffds jmfs am @^ dt uf prâ-nijmod abfâmbrd nieed ad P\G, meâabird ad
^D. Ad eijd ZJJ dst ad edbaadur nkibx piur ads systëeds EBEI emssbg, dt qud am
 `iffd odstbif jd jbggârdfts gmntdurs jd râutbabsmtbif jds pbaitds pdut giurfbr uf ^D âadvâ
sur uf amrod bftdrvma jd nkmrod j'utbabsmtdurs c.
 :8

Nifnausbif oâfârmad 

Ad `dsibf j‒mnnudbaabr paus j‒utbabsmtdurs è jds jâ`bts jd jiffâds paus âadvâs

mvdn ufd edbaadurd gbm`babtâ tiut df nifsieemft eibfs j‒âfdrobd m bepisâ am fmbssmfnd
j‒ufd fiuvdaad oâfârmtbif  jd nieeufbnmtbif ei`bad am 4O `msmft, pmreb mutrd, sur am
tdnkfbqud EBEI emssbg. Nd eâeibrd dst nifsmnrâ è a‒âtujd jd a‒dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad jd
systëed
systëed EBEI emssbg piur am
a m 4O.
Jd emfbërd oâfârmad, ba prâsdftd mu nkmpbtrd = uf mpdrïu bftrijuntbg jd am
tdnkfiaiobd 4O Ei`bad dt jd sds prildts
prildt s df niurs 3 Ads systëeds jd nieeufbnmtbif jd am
 prinkmbfd oâfârmtbif, âviaudft vdrs ufd gadxb`babtâ mnnrud jmfs jbgg
jbggârdfts
ârdfts mspdnts. Tfd
gadxb`babtâ mnnrud dst am naâ piur râpifjrd mux jbvdrsds dxbodfnds. Am gadxb`babtâ jd 4O
 FP iggrd trip j'ippirtufbtâs jd rdnkdrnkd iuvdrtds pmr rmppirt mux oâfârmtbifs

 prânâjdftds jd nieeufbnmtbifs
nieeufbnmtbifs ndaauambrds.
Dfsubtd, mu nkmpbtrd 0, uf ginus pmrtbnuabdr sur ads systëeds E
EBEI
BEI emssbgs m âtâ
 prâsdftâ. Xmssdr
Xmssdr df rdvud ads mvmftmods
mvmftmods dt ads jâgbs jd ndttd tdnkfiaiobd. Emssbvd EBEI
emrqud ufd rupturd fdttd mvdn am prmtbqud mntudaad df utbabsmft uf dxnës bepirtmft jds
mftdffds jd sdrvbnd sur ads tdrebfmux mntbgs. Jds mftdffds suppaâedftmbrds pdredttdft
jd nifndftrdr a‒âfdrobd jmfs jds râobifs jd paus df paus pdtbtds mgbf j‒meâabirdr
nifsbjârm`adedft ad jâ`bt dt a‒dggbnmnbtâ âfdroâtbqud rmyiffâd. @bdf qud am tdnkfiaiobd
EBEI emssbvd supprbed jd fie`rdux pri`aëeds jd rdnkdrnkd trmjbtbiffdas, Ba rdstd
dfnird jds jâgbs è rdadvdr piur nifnrâtbsdr tiut ad pitdftbda jd am tdnkfiaiobd, fitmft am

niepadxbtâ jd nmanua, am râmabsmtbif j‒maoirbtkeds jd trmbtdedft jbstrb`uâ, ad pri`aëed

j'bftdrgârdfnd bftdr dt bftrm-ndaauambrd dt am niftmebfmtbif jds pbaitds.
Ad nkmpbtrd > prâsdftd a‒mfmaysd jds râsuatmts jd sbeuamtbif   jd a‒dggbnmnbtâ
spdntrmad df gifntbif jds vmrbâtâs jd pmrmedtrds jds systëeds EBEI emssbg j‒iò if
 pdut omrmftbr qud a‒muoedftmtbif jd fie`rd jds mftdffds jmfs am @^ meâabird ad ^D.Ad
eijd jupadx pmr râpmrtbtbif jmfs ad tdeps ZJJ mssurd ufd `iffd pdrgiredfnd df
mliutmft jd fiuvdaads mftdffds. ads tdnkfbquds jd prânijmod abfâmbrd ift prâsdftâ ufd
rdamtbif bfvdrsd
bfvdrsd dftrd niepadxbtâ dt dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad . Df iutrd, ufd `iffd odstbif jd
jbggârdfts gmntdurs jd râutbabsmtbif jds pbaitds pdut giurfbr uf ^D âadvâ sur uf amrod

bftdrvma jd nkmrod j'utbabsmtdurs .

   :=

@b`abiormpkbd

S=U  Eirdt, @irbs. Mepabgbnmtdur jd pubssmfnd mutified piur mppabnmtbifs IGJE dt

 `dmegirebfo jd am 4O mux grâqudfnds ebaabeâtrbquds df tdnkfiaiobd NEI^ mvmfnâd.

@irjdmux, 08=?.

S0U  KTMFO, K
K.,., XMXMJBM^, N. @., WDFCMZD^MF,
WDFCMZD^MF, ^. EBEI Nieeufbnmtbif gir
ndaauamr Fdtwircs. ^prbfodr ^nbdfnd & @usbfdss Edjbm, 08==.

S>U  @l÷rfsif, Deba, Lmci` Kiyjbs,

Kiyjbs, mfj Aunm
Aunm ^mfoubfdttb. "Emssbvd
"Emssbvd EBEI fdtwircs<
^pdntrma, dfdroy, mfj kmrjwmrd dggbnbdfny." Giufjmtbifs mfj Zrdfjs® bf ^bofma
Xrindssbfo ==.>-: (08=?)< =4:-744.

S:U  [bmfo, _db, Cmf \kdfo, mfj [udebf ^kdremf ^kdf, djs. 4O ei`bad
nieeufbnmtbifs. ^prbfodr, 08=7.

S4U  @bsiofbf, Mbedrbn. Âvmaumtbif jd tdnkfiaiobds iromfbquds gmb`ads pdrtds dt

j‒beprdssbif pamstbqud >J mgbf jd niftrb`udr mu jâvdaippdedft jd siautbifs mftdffm brds
bffivmftds jmfs am `mfjd 78 OKz „ =:8OKz.
=:8OKz. Tfbvdrsbtâ Fbnd ^ipkbm Mftbpiabs, 08=4.

S7U  Kmlrb, ^mamk Djjbfd. A‒meâabirmtbif jds pdrgiremfnds jds systëeds smfs gba 4O pmr
oriupdedfts mjmptmtbgs jds utbabsmtdurs. Tfbvdrsbtâ Xmrbs-^mnamy, 08=;.

S?U  ABDF, ^kmi-Ru, ^KBDK, ^kbf-Abf, KTMFO, Rdfebfo, dt ma. 4O fdw rmjbi<
_mvdgire, grmed strunturd, euatbpad mnndss, mfj bfbtbma mnndss. BDDD nieeufbnmtbifs
emomzbfd, 08=?, via. 44, fi 7,
7, p. 7:-?=.

S;U 4O Grmed ^trunturd. MTOT^Z ?, 08=;SDf abofdU. kttp<//spdntrmndaas.nie/08=;/8;/

8?/4o-grmed-strunturd/  Snifsuatâ ad 08 Emb 08=2U.
8?/4o-grmed-strunturd/

S2U  4O FP Zdrebfiaiobds  „   ^u`nmrrbdr ^pmnbfo, Grme-^u`grmed, ^ait mfj ^ye`ia.

LTFD =8, 08=;. SDf abofdU. kttp<//www.tdnkpamyif.nie/ufjdrstmfjbfo-`msbn-4o-fr-
tdrebfiaiobds-su`nmrrbdr-spmnbfo-grmed-mfj-s
tdrebfiaiobds-su `nmrrbdr-spmnbfo-grmed-mfj-su`grmed-sait-mfj-igje-sy
u`grmed-sait-mfj-igje-sye`ias/
e`ias/  
Snifsuatâ ad 08 Emb 08=2U.

S=8U 4O/FP-Grmed^trunturdSDfabofdU. kttps<//www.skmrdtdnkfitd.nie/ktea/4O/4OYGr-

med^trunturd.ktea  Snifsuatâ ad 08 Emb 08=2U.
med^trunturd.ktea

S==U  FP Pdsiurnd @ainc Jdgbfbtbif mfj P@s Nmanuamtbif. Mprba 0:,08=2 SDf abofdU.
kttp<//www.tdnkpamyif.nie/fr-rdsiurnd-`ainc-jdgbfbtbif-mfj-r`s-nmanuamtbif/
kttp<//www.tdnkpamyif.nie/fr-rdsiurnd-`ainc-jdgbfbtbif-mfj-r`s-nmanuamtbif/SSnifsuatâ
ad 0? Emb 08=2U.
 :0

S=0U NKMAABZM, Grâjârbn, EMPZBFD\-BFOAD^, Emrbm-Zdrdsm, ABÂFMPJ, Emrtbfd,

dt ma. Abfd-ig-^bokt
Abfd-ig-^bokt Emssbvd EBEI Nkmffda Nkmrmntdrbstbns bf mf Bfjiir ^ndfmrbi mt 2:
OKz. BDDD Mnndss, 08=;, via. 7, p. 70>7=-70>?8.

S=>U ^tujy Xmpdr if< Euatbpad-Bfput Euatbpad-Iutput (EBEI) Zdnkfiaioy

S=:U  FM^PB Meda3 @DFGDZBEM Meda. ^tujy mfj ^beuamtbif ig tkd Zrmfsebt
Jbvdrsbty Zdnkfbqud bf AZD ^ystdes. 08=?. kttp<//jab`rmry.ufbv-`iuedrjds.jz<
kttp<//jab`rmry.ufbv-`iuedrjds.jz< 
;8;8/kmfjad/=0>:47?;2/>28:

S=4U  Pizâ, Mftibfd. Emssbvd EBEI, ufd mpprinkd mfouambrd piur ads guturs systëeds
euatb-utbabsmtdurs mux aifoudurs j‒ifjd ebaabeâtrbquds. Jbss. BF^M jd Pdffds, 08=7.

S=7U  Zkd Piad ig Emssbvd

Emssbvd EBEI bf 4O. Ebnkmda _mfo.
_mfo. Int 0>, 08=; SDfabofdU. 
SDfabofdU.  kttps<
//edjbue.nie/Hebnniwmfo/tkd-riad-ig-emssbvd-ebei-bf-4o-n>70d?28dg7=
//edjbue.nie/Hebnniwmfo/tkd-riad-ig-emssbvd-ebei-bf-4o-n>70d?28dg7=SSnifsuatâ
ad 8> Mvrba 08=2U.

S=?U  M``iuj, Mkemj. Bftdrgdrdfnd ebtbomtbif bf 4O ei`bad fdtwircs< Tpabfc pbait

niftmebfmtbif bf ZJJ emssbvd EBEI snkded. Jbss. Abeiods, 08=?.

S=;U  KMLPB
KMLPB,, ^mamk Djjbfd. (Zkësd jd jintirmt 08=;). A‒meâabirmtbif jds pdrgiremfnds
pdrgiremfnds
jds systëeds smfs gba 4O pmr oriupdedfts mjmptmtbgs jds utbabsmtdurs. Tfbvdrsbtâ Xmrbs-
^mnamy.

S=2U ^uf, Jbwdb. (Zkësd jintirmt 08=?). ^pdntrma Dggbnbdfny mfj Dfdroy Dggbnbdfny bf
Emssbvd EBEI ^ystdes.

S08U  Gu, Kum. ^pdntrma rdsiurnd iptbebzmtbif gir ET-EBEI systdes wbtk pmrtbma
 grdqudfny `mfjwbjtk ivdramy. Jbss. BF^M jd Pdffds, 08=4.

S0=U Aui, Gm-Aifo, mfj Nkmrabd \kmfo, djs. ^bofma prindssbfo gir 4O< maoirbtkes mfj
bepadedftmtbifs. Likf _bady & ^ifs, 08=7.

S00U \kmi, Aifo, dt ma. Emssbvd EBEI bf 4O Fdtwircs< ^dadntdj Mppabnmtbifs . ^prbfodr

Bftdrfmtbifma Xu`abskbfo, 08=;. 

S0>U Lmiumjb, Pmfjm. Niepriebs dggbnmnbtâ âfdroâtbqud dt dggbnmnbtâ spdntrmad piur ads
i`ldts nieeufbnmfts mutifieds. Jbss. Fmftds, 08=?.