Cabugao Institute

Cabugao, Ilocos Sur

Name:_______________________________ Grade and Section:_________________________ Score:_________

Final Examination in Earth and Life Science

Directions: Choose the correct answer by writing its letter before the number.
1. In comparing whole sets of genes, especially among different organisms, is called
a) transgenics
b) genomics
c) recombinant DNA technology
d) molecular biology
e) genetics
2. Which of the following has been produced by genetically produced microorganisms?
a) Human insulin
b) Human growth hormone
c) Cancer drugs
d) Growth factor for burn treatment
e) All of the above
3. There are thought to be about _____ genes in a human cell.
a) 23
b) 46
c) 5 000
d) 20 000
e) 3.2 billion
4. Comparing the genome of humans with fruit flies, yeasts, and mice
a) has revealed clues to diseases and evolutionary relationships.
b) clarifies evolution, but there are few similarities that might be useful in medicine.
c) has been disappointing to genetic scientists.
d) shows that these organisms are almost genetically identical.
e) has revealed clues to diseases, but evolutionary relationships are murky.
5. A genetic marker is
a) a place where a restriction enzyme but cuts DNA.
b) a chart that traces the family history of a genetic trait.
c) a nucleotide sequence near a particular gene.
d) a radioactive probe used to find a gene.
e) an enzyme used to cut dna.
6. In recombinant DNA experiments, _____ is used to cut pieces of DNA, and _____ joins these segments to
form recombinant DNA.
a) A restriction enzyme … DNA ligase
b) A transposon … a restriction enzyme
c) A plasmid … DNA ligase
d) DNA ligase … a restriction enzyme
e) A transposon … a plasmid
7. A genomic library is
a) where you look to find out how to make recombinant DNA.
b) a listing of the known nucleotide sequences for a particular species.
c) all the genes contained in one kind of cell.
d) a collection of cloned DNA pieces from an organism’s genome.
e) a place where one can obtain DNA samples from various species.
8. A nucleic acid probe might be used to
a) insert genes into a host cell.
b) make DNA for gene cloning.
c) splice pieces of DNA.
d) cut pieces of DNA down to manageable size.
e) find a particular nucleotide sequence.
9. It is sometimes necessary to genetically engineer mammalian cells to produce proteins because they
a) can produce larger quantities of protein than bacteria.
b) can read eukaryotic genes, and bacteria cannot.
c) can add sugars to make glycoproteins, and bacteria cannot.
d) are easier to grow than bacteria.
e) can be induced to secrete proteins into their environment.
10. Which of the following is cited as a possible risk of genetically modified crop plants?
a) Allergic reactions
b) Hybridization with wild relatives
c) Creation of new pests that might be hard to control
d) All of the above
e) GM crops actually present no risks
11. Gel electrophoresis is used to
a) separate fragments of DNA.
b) clone genes.
c) cut DNA into fragments.
d) match a gene with its function.
e) amplify small DNA samples to obtain enough for analysis.
12. The human genome consists of about 20 000 genes, about the same number as in a roundworm. In light of
this similarity, how do scientists account for human complexity?
a) Most genes in a roundworm are nonfunctional.
b) A typical human gene probably codes for several polypeptides.
c) Human proteins are much more versatile than roundworm proteins.
d) Human genes are changing much more rapidly.
e) Humans are not significantly more complex than roundworms.
13. Which of the following DNA technology procedures does not take advantage of the hydrogen bonding of
complementary nucleotide bases?
a) Joining a gene with a plasmid vector
b) Separating nucleic acid fragments using gel electrophoresis
c) PCR amplification of small amounts of DNA
d) Finding a gene using a nucleic acid probe
e) Using reverse transcriptase to make DNA
14. A mule is a cross between a horse and a donkey. Why do you think is a mule is not considered a
“genetically modified organism”?
a) Because horses and donkeys are so much alike
b) Because a mule only inherits horse genes
c) Because a mule is produced naturally, not by artificial means
d) Because half the genes come from each parent
e) Actually, a mule is considered a genetically modified organism
15. Because eukaryotic genes contain introns, they cannot be translated by bacteria, which lack RNA-splicing
machinery. If you want to engineer a bacterium to produce a eukaryotic protein, you can synthesize an
artificial gene without introns (if you know the nucleotide sequence) or
a) alter the bacteria used so that they can splice RNA.
b) use a molecular probe to find a gene without introns.
c) work backward from mRNA to a piece of DNA without introns.
d) use a phage to insert the desired gene into a bacterium.
e) use a restriction enzyme to remove introns from the gene.
16. Scientists wished to create an organism capable of breaking down several kinds of toxic wastes, so they
combined the genes of several bacteria to create a single “superbacterium.” They prob- ably did not need to
use which of the following in creating the superbacterium?
a) nucleic acid probes
b) gel electrophoresis
c) plasmids
d) restriction enzymes
e) DNA ligase
17. Connection of “sticky ends” of restriction fragments is
a) the opposite of separation of fragments via gel electrophoresis.
b) similar to a nucleic acid probe locating a base sequence.
c) carried out by DNA ligase.
d) used to make complementary DNA (cDNA).
e) allows the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to copy DNA.
18. A crop scientist spliced genes for disease resistance into Ti plasmids and then treated tomato plants with the
plasmids. Some parts of some plants resisted the disease, but most of the plants eventually died. The
researcher could increase his chances for success by
a) treating single cells and cloning whole plants from the cells.
b) using molecular probes to figure out where to put the genes.
c) using bacteriophages rather than Ti plasmids to introduce the genes.
d) inserting the genes into the cells of the tomato plants with a needle.
e) employing reverse transcriptase to get the genes into the plants.
19. A molecular biologist used a virus to introduce a gene coding for a certain enzyme into mouse cells. Most of
the mouse cells were able to make the enzyme, but most of them lost the ability to make some other protein
(different ones in different cells), and many died. Which of the following best explains these results?
a) The viruses caused the mouse cells to become diseased.
b) The viruses transferred genes from one mouse cell to another.
c) The viruses inserted the enzyme gene into mouse cell genes.
d) The viruses activated transposable elements, which disrupted other genes.
e) The enzyme acted as a restriction enzyme, cutting up mouse DNA.
20. DNA fingerprints were used to determine whether Evan could be the father of Becky’s baby. Which of the
following would show that Evan is not the father? If ____ genetic finger- print showed some bands not in
____ genetic fingerprint.
a) Evan’s … the baby’s
b) Becky’s … the baby’s
c) the baby’s … Evan’s
d) the baby’s … Becky’s
e) the baby’s … Evan’s or Becky’s
21. Archaeologists unearthed a human skull with a small dried fragment of the scalp still attached. They
extracted a tiny amount of DNA from the scalp tissue. How could they obtain sufficient DNA for an
analysis of the ancient man’s genes?
a) Subject the DNA to electrophoresis
b) Use a nucleic acid probe
c) Use reverse transcriptase
d) Use the polymerase chain reaction
e) Subject the DNA to restriction enzymes
22. There is more than 6,000 times as much DNA in a human cell as in an E. coli cell but only about 5 times as
many genes. Why?
a) A human cell has much more noncoding DNA.
b) The DNA is much more tightly coiled in a human cell.
c) Most of the genes in a human cell are turned off.
d) E. coli genes are less efficient than human genes.
e) Human genes are much smaller than E. coli genes.
23. Researchers wanted to find out which genes were expressed in muscle tissue, so they ground up several
pounds of hamburger (muscle!) and extracted the DNA and RNA from the cells. Their next step should be
to
a) amplify the DNA sample via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
b) cut up the DNA with a restriction enzyme.
c) subject the DNA to RFLP analysis.
d) locate the desired genes with a nucleic acid probe.
e) use the RNA and reverse transcriptase to make complementary DNA (cDNA).
24. Different methods of DNA profiling are useful in different ways. _______ is used to match DNA with that
of a particular person, while ________ is used to determine whether particular nucleotide sequences are
present.
a) STR analysis … RFLP analysis
b) PCR … RFLP analysis
c) Proteomics … genomics
d) RFLP analysis … STR analysis
e) RFLP analysis … PCR
25. In flowers with all four organs, the normal order of whorl from the flower’s periphery to the center is as
follows:
a) Sepals  petals  stamens  carpels
b) Sepals  stamens  petals  carpels
c) Sepals  stamens  carpels  petals
d) Sepals  petals  carpels  stamens
e) Petals  sepals  stamens  carpels
26. Before fertilization can occur, pollen grains must travel from the anther to the stigma. The transfer of pollen
grains from anther to stigma is known as ____________.
a) Pollen
b) Pollination
c) Sexual reproduction
d) Asexual reproduction
e) In vitro fertilization
27. The following are examples of plants that produce tubers, except ___________.
a) Potatoes
b) Caladium
c) Dahlia
d) Onion
e) Sunflower
28. ________________ is a form of asexual reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develops into an adult
animal.
a) Fragmentation
b) Parthenogenesis
c) Hermaphroditism
d) External fertilization
e) Internal fertilization
29. Sexual reproduction in animals involve the production and fusion of two types of gametes: sperm and eggs.
Which of the following statement about gametes is not true?
a) The sperm provides genes coding for some of the male parent’s traits.
b) The egg contributes genes coding for some of the female’s traits.
c) The egg is typically large and nonmotile.
d) The sperm is usually small and motile and is adapted to propel itself by beating its long spherelike
flagellum.
e) None of the above.
30. Somatic cell nuclear transfer was the technique used to successfully breed the first large cloned animal in
1997 named ____________.
a) Jolly
b) Gabby
c) Dolly
d) Jelly
e) Dully
31. The cloning and harvesting of embryonic stem cell is known as ________________.
a) Therapeutic cloning
b) Gene cloning
c) Whole organism cloning
d) Reproductive cloning
e) Cloning
32. An organism that has had genes from another species inserted is called a ____________.
a) GMO
b) Transgene
c) Mutagenesis
d) Transgenic organism
e) Transgenic GMO
33. The famous artificial cross-pollination of pea plants to study heredity and genetics in the 1800s was
experimented by ___________.
a) Gregor Mendel
b) Aristotle
c) Max Planck
d) Robert Hooke
e) Ptolemy
34. The four nucleotides found in DNA are the following except:
a) A, G, C, T
b) P, G, T, U
c) A, G, C, U
d) B, G, C, P
e) P, G, C, B
35. Restriction enzyme sites for inserting the gene of interest are located within the _______________.
a) ori
b) lacZ gene
c) X – gal
d) ampR
e) Sinovac