Baterias Narada Aplicaciones Industriales

An Expert of Energy Storage Solutions.
2016
Company profiles
Who are we? Background
Narada foundation
Financial service
Narada Holdings
Infrastructures
(Net asset: 6 billion USD)
projects
Cable networks
Electrochemical
Power products
Narada Power Source Co., Ltd.

Property & Hotel
management
Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Who are we? Facts and figures
Narada Power
• Established in 1994
• Listed in 2010
• $845 mil. revenue in 2015
• $785 mil. total assets
• 6311 employees
• Top 1st brand in China
• 3% of sales revenue in R&D

Who are we? Milestones
1994 2001 2010
Foundation Licom power Listed

of Narada established company
1998 2005 2014

Narada power
Narada Asia Narada wuhan
established
established established

Who are we? Distinct culture
Mission
To be a provider for a complete
power solution in the world
Vision
To be a respected global player
for the energy storage solutions
Value
Create value for customers and
win together with customers

Where are we? Manufacturing locations
Lin'an Area: 113,333 ㎡ Linping Area: 166,667 ㎡ Wuhan Area: 334,000 ㎡

Capacity: 3,500MWh VRLA Capacity: 4,000MWh Lithium Capacity: 10,000MWh VRLA
Chengdu Area: 110,678 ㎡ Anhui Area: 166,525 ㎡ Huabo Area: 126,000 ㎡

Capacity: 2,200 MWh VRLA Capacity: 4,500 MWh VRLA Capacity: 210,000 ton VRLA

Where are we? Global presence
Narada Europe (UK)

Russia partner
Turkey partner Narada China
Narada USA Narada Mid-East
Narada Footprint India partner
in 150 countries! Narada Asia pacific
Africa partner
Narada Latin Australia partner
Narada subsidiaries Strategic partners

What we do Wide range products
Product & application

• Polymer Gel, Tubular Gel VRLA,
AGM, Fuel Cell, Lithium-ion
• Telecom, Energy Storage, UPS,
E-vehicles, Utilities, Rail…etc.
Product range
• Front and top terminal (12V,6V)
• Large single cells up to 3000Ah (2V)
Standard compliant
• IEC60896 and BS6290
• ROHS compliant
What we do Product application
To be whole solution provider in Telecom, motive power and energy storage
Telecom & IDC Energy storage
Motive power

Why choose us Strong R&D strength
• 86 valid patents, 30 invention patents

• National R&D center & CNAS certified Labs
• Totally 215 high educated engineers her
• Participate in setting 20 industry standards
Mr. Herbert K. Giess
> Chief scientist of Narada power
> Ex-chairman of IEC/EN TC21 cells
> Group leader for IEC standard

for VRLA batteries IEC 60896-21

Why choose us Quality management
SA8000
By BUREAU VERITAS
OHSAS18001
By DNV
TL-9000
By DNV
Mr. Hagimori Hajime

ISO14001
> Head of Narada QM system
By DNV
> NPS, Narada production system
> 42 years QM experience ISO9001

in Toyota TPS system
By TUV

How is our performance Clients of telecom

How is our performance Clients of motive power

How is our performance Clients of energy storage

How is our performance Clients of IDC & UPS

How is our performance International awards
2005 2008
Excellent Alcatel Certificate of

supplier award credit grade
2013 2014
Best energy Data center

saving product product award

How is our performance International awards
2003 2008
Zhejiang name Vodafone global

export brand approved supplier
2008 2015
Zhejiang Top Innovative value

export brand of ICA price

The REX-C series battery
Lead-carbon battery series Product definition
About Renewable Energy eXtra-Carbon battery
Narada REX-C series batteries are deigned for application of energy storage with patented lead-carbon technology,
combined features of both capacitor and lead acid battery, especially in condition of Partial Status of Charge (PSoC)
• No sulfation problem at negative
• Design life above 20 years (20oC)
• 5~10 times more lifespan at PSoC
• High specific power, fast charging
• About 40% more charge acceptance

Lead-carbon battery series Product overview of 2VREXC
Model Voltage Rated capacity Dimension (L*W*H) Weight

REXC-200 2V 200Ah 227.0*96.0*303.0mm 17.0kg
REXC-400 2V 400Ah 227.0*170.0*303.0mm 32.0kg
REXC-600 2V 600Ah 231.0*180.0*408.0mm 46.0kg
REXC-800 2V 800Ah 231.0*231.0*408.0mm 60.0kg
REXC-1000 2V 1000Ah 231.0*282.0*408.0mm 75.0kg
REXC-1500 2V 1500Ah 232.0*322.0*514.0mm 110.0kg
REXC-2000 2V 2000Ah 232.0*456.0*514.0mm 155.0kg
REXC-2000 REXC-1000 REXC-400

Lead-carbon battery series Product overview of 12VREXC
Model Voltage Rated capacity Dimension (L*W*H) Weight

12REXC70 12V 60Ah 280.0*180.0*244.0mm 30.0kg
12REXC120 12V 100Ah 290.5*224.0*294.0mm 56.0kg
12REXC200 12V 165Ah 438.0*224.0*294.0mm 79.5kg
6REXC240 6V 200Ah 264.0*224.0*294.0mm 58.0kg
6REXC300 6V 250Ah 338.0*224.0*294.0mm 61.0kg
12REXC200 6REXC300 12REXC70

Lead-carbon battery series Research project of ALABC
> Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium (ALABC) is an authoritative organization of lead batteries
> Narada is the first and the only Chinese enterprise who was sponsored by R&D Program of ALABC
> The vice president of ALABC Boris Monahov has highly praised Narada for its advanced technology
Project launching of lead-carbon battery Cooperation with specialists of ALABC

Lead-carbon battery series Research project of ALABC
Contract signature for the Research Agreement

Lead-carbon technology The principle of lead-carbon
Conventional Lead-acid Lead and carbon in parallel Internal mixed Lead-carbon
Pb
C Pb
PbO2 Pb PbO2 PbO2 +
C
The lead-carbon battery is a perfect combination, which contains advantages of high energy capacity and density
from lead-acid battery, as well as high power rate, fast charging and long cyclic lifespan from ultra capacitor

Lead-carbon technology The principle of lead-carbon
Lead-acid battery Pb Lead-carbon battery

PbO2 Pb PbO2 +
C
2+
Pb
2+
> Pb
2+ Pb
Discharge PbSO4 precipitation
2+
Pb
Dissolution
- - 2+ 2- +
Pb + HSO4 - 2e Pb + SO4 + H Pb
2+
PbSO4 Pb 2+
Pb
> Charge Pb + HSO4
-
precipitation EAC
PbSO4
Dissolution
2+ 2- - +
PbSO4 Pb + SO4 + 2e + H
Pb Pb Pb
Lead sulfate irreversibly accumulated on surface of the The sulfation can be successfully restrained, as a result,
negative plate into a layer, which is dense and coarse the charging acceptance and lifespan can be improved

Lead-carbon technology The mechanism of carbon
Main functions Carbon
Active carbon
Carbon
Oxidation reaction on carbon surface Carbon
Carbon
Influence of Electro-osmotic pumping
Restriction upon growth of crystalloid
HRPSoC cycles (times)

Evolution of hydrogen over impurities
Conductivity & capacitive contribution
Intercalation of hydrogen into graphite
More additional locations of nucleation Particle size (μm)

Lead-carbon technology The mechanism of carbon
High rate High rate Pb Acid storage

discharge Charge
- +
--- Provide enough HSO4 and H
as a storage container of acid
PbSO4
Conventional battery plate
--- Improve chemical crystallization
2+
Pb PbSO4 during discharging
Grid
High rate High rate
discharge Charge --- Improve chemical dissolution
2+
PbSO4 Pb during charging
Carbon
Battery plate with active carbon

Lead-carbon technology Well-chosen components
Patented alloy of grid Innovative safety valve
Pre-disperse and formation
AGM separator and active carbon

Special AGM separator
Made from ultrafine glass fiber with

high strength, which has excellent
ability in absorbability as well as
maintenance of electrolyte material
Special carbon material
Unique carbon formulation in active

substance of negative, which could
restrain sulfate and improve cyclic life
efficiently under partial SOC status

Special pre-disperse tech.
The carbon materials are evenly

dispersed in aqueous solution with
high speed, that successfully makes
lead and carbon particles mixed
Special formation process
After so many experiments, Narada

found out an exclusive procedure of
formation, that can enhance both the
capacity and cyclic life of batteries

Lead-carbon technology Special carbon formulation
Narada carbon with special formulation in HRPSoC performance
Narada carbon
Other carbons
Discharge voltage (V)
6 times longer!
Cycles
Narada has developed 50 kinds of carbon formulation together with National institute of chemical defense

REXC battery performance Cyclic performance
Discharge capacity curves under PSOC status (80%~40%)

Discharge capacity (%)
Narada REXC
Conventional
Cycles
The cyclic performance of 2V500Ah REXC battery between 80% SoC and 40% SoC in peak shaving application

REXC battery performance Cyclic performance
Cyclic life of lead carbon battery under different DOD

Cycle life (times)
Depth of discharge (DOD)

Lead-carbon battery series Residential storage cabinet
Brief information
Compact and less space occupancy
With a wide range of output power
Modular design for easier configuration
Robust design with high system reliability
It is an economical storage solution, consists of

12REXC series batteries, whose capacity could be
freely configured according to actual requirement

Lead-carbon battery series Storage cabinet in the system
PV module
Load
Inverter
Switch
Battery
cabinet
Smart meter
Monitoring

Lead-carbon battery series Illustration of installation
Step one
Fix two side columns

on to bottom board
Step two
Insert back board into

the slot of side column
Step three
Load four pieces of

12V of REXC batteries

Narada lithium-ion battery Residential storage cabinet
An integrated storage solution, consists of Narada

LFP battery modules, monitoring platform, EMS &
connection box, ideally for residential customers
• Automatic operational mode

• Smart App for remote monitoring
• Optimize profit of PV system
• Modular design for flexible setup

• Plug & Play for easier installation
• Compatible with most of inverters
• 5 years product warranty

• 7 years performance warranty
• 15 years expected service life

Lithium-ion battery series Composition of cabinet
Solar inverter
Compatible with most type of both
DC Bus
battery inverter and hybrid inverter
EMS & connection

Real-time system regulation for
EMS Solar
inverter
energy balance and economics
Communication line (not include)
Battery modules Battery

Installed with two modules of
module1
48NPFC80 lithium-ion batteries Connection in parallel
Battery
Monitoring module2
Remote data monitoring for both
laptop and mobile telecom devices

Lithium-ion battery series Monitoring system
Functions of monitoring
Data generation, storage, consumption
Warning & analysis for system failure
Both real-time and historical records
Flexible demonstration by any time
Available for both IOS and Android

ESS with lead-carbon battery
Narada Energy Storage System
Brief introduction
Narda ESS is a smart management system of

energy, ideally for micro-grid solutions, in order
to smooth power, track grid load and shave peak

Narada ESS introduction Application of Narada ESS
Traditional Transmission Industrial
Solar power Commercial
Energy production Energy consumption
Wind power Auxiliaries Residential
Energy delivery

Narada ESS introduction Main 4 sorts of scenarios
Giant On-grid Grid modulation

Narada ESS system
Island Off-grid Urban Micro-grid

Narada ESS introduction Structural sections
12192mm
Thermal management
A
BMS A
C
C
Lights Lights door

2438mm
REXC-600 batteries
door
Sensor Nozzle door
BMS A
A
C C
Thermal management
Vertical view of lead-carbon batteries with racks in 40feet container

Highlights of Narada ESS
Active balance technology Smart thermal management
BMS
Special BMS control Intelligent SCADA system

Highlights of Narada ESS 1. Active balance technology
Battery of
big capacity
Battery of
Small capacity
In a battery pack, the one with small capacity will easily get over charge
and over discharge, so the service life of whole pack shall be influenced
Active balance technology
With such technology, the energy could be

transferred and balanced between each battery
in the pack at any time without any energy loss

Highlights of Narada ESS 1. Active balance technology
> Charging balance > Discharging balance
Unify battery performance by active balance technology at ay time
Longer battery life Easier maintenance Better protection

Highlights of Narada ESS 2. Special BMS control
SCADA
Main characters of Narada BMS
• Highly precise current temperature

BMS • High efficient balance controlling
• Highly precise voltage inspection
• Active balance for heavy current
• Multiple protection for safety
Narada PCS controller • Practical evaluation of SoC
• Records of historical events
• Better user experience
• Smart BMS interface
• High reliability

Highlights of Narada ESS 2. Special BMS control
By pass
PV array Controller
Inverter Load
Grid Charging unit
Central control Host PC

Power line
Communication
Batteries BMS Controlling schematism
Build up a mathematic model for storage system by software, then analyze and calculate to optimize
structural parameter, save response time, prevent influence from harmonics, and to improve power quality

Highlights of Narada ESS 3. Thermal management
Optimize the operational temperature by the unique ventilation system
Unify the performance of each battery Enhance energy availability

Highlights of Narada ESS 3. Thermal management
Air condition and inlet
Ventilation system

Highlights of Narada ESS 4. Monitoring platform
Real-time monitoring and remote control on the energy storage system
Flexible setup Friendly interface Distributed datalog Multiple protocol
Monitoring system
Ethernet IEC104/TEC6158C
Unit detection Ethernet MODBUS TCP/IP
Local database
PCS
CAN bus
Battery units

Highlights of Narada ESS 4. Monitoring platform
Interface of Narada SCADA

ESS with lithium-ion battery
Narada active module Technical specification
Module 900V type
The unique bi-directional, digitally controlled ultra

high efficiency energy storage module: simplified
architecture with BMS and switch gear integration,
reliable, high quality, high efficiency, cost effective.
Module Voltage: 900Vdc
Module Power: 12.8KW
Module Capacity: 10.2KWh

Narada active module Specification of Module 900V
Parameters Values Parameters Values

Cell numbers 40 Dimension 435*415*615mm
Operational voltage 650~900V Weight 130kg Max.
Over voltage protection 950V Charge temperature 0~60℃; derate>55℃
Under voltage protection 600V Discharge temperature -20~60℃; derate>55℃
Charge current range 1~12A Storage temperature 0~45℃
Discharge current range 1~15A Humidity 0~95%
Balancing & Monitoring Yes, per cell Cooling By forced air
Overload capacity 16A Audible Noise 60dBA
Short circuit limit 17A Shock & Vibration IEC60068-2
Turn-on time 5 seconds Reliability >150,000 hours
Ripple and Noise 1.5Vrms Safety Certification CE Mark, cUL, UN label
Draw in sleep mode <1W EMC-Class A CISPR22 (EN55022)
Self-discharge(25℃) 1%~3%/month Environmental standard RoHS 6/6, WEEE
Self-discharge(35℃) 5%~7%/month Ingress protection IP20

Narada active module Features & Benefits
Ultra High efficiency(Optimized at 96.8%)

Extensive DSP controls, managing a dynamically optimized topology,
with a flat efficiency curve between 5A to 12A load but less components
Leading power density(1.9W/1.7Wh/in3)

Reduced energy losses with an optimized topology enables a small
footprint, creating both lower capital investment and operating cost
mlt charging regime (15% more lifespan)

Our multi-mode intelligent charging algorithm enables to create
an optimum V-I envelope for both charge and discharge curves
Wide input voltage(Range: 650V~900V)

The high reliability, multi-stage redundant protection is designed to
our products, to meet the tough environments of rugged applications
Plug and Play compatibility

Flexibility and freedom in system configuration with minimal cost

Narada active module Solar + storage integration
Conventional AC coupled plan

-- Efficiency: 0~1.0MW→ 98.2% (PV)
0~1.0MW→ 98.2% (ESS)
Module
-- Note: no expansion more than
800Vdc, 15A
AC rating of PV inverter
800Vdc, 15A
Innovative DC coupled plan A
-- Efficiency: 0~1.0MW→ 97.7% (ESS)
Module 1.0~1.5MW→ 94.5% (ESS)
-- Note: Retrofit for existing PV system
Innovative DC coupled plan B

800Vdc, 15A
-- Efficiency: 0~1.0MW→ 97.7% (ESS)
1.0~1.5MW→ 94.5% (ESS)
Module -- Note: For new building system

Narada active module Rack for batteries
50mm
Rack Design & Performance
The rack design builds on the resilience of the

modules. Each rack can contain up to 5 modules
connected in parallel and fused to the 900V high
2077.85mm
voltage bus bar.
The drawing at left side shows 4 modules in the rack.

Most of the racks in the solution will have 4modules,
but 25% will also be populated with a 5th module.
The height of the 5 module rack is 2.54m or 460mm
553.2mm 700mm Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Narada active container Technical specification
Parameters Values Parameters Values

Total capacity 1,402kWh (800V 1,900A) Dimension 6*2.4*2.9m
Output Voltage 650~900V Weight 23,000kg Max.
Output Power 1,690kW Charge temperature -20~60℃
Max. output connection Qty. 6; 800V, 320A Discharge temperature -20~60℃
Turn-around efficiency above 95.3% Storage temperature 5~45℃
Scalability 14.0MWh per block Humidity 0~95%
Grounding 30kA max. ground fault Cooling Thermal management
Footing Min. 6 required Audible Noise 60dBA
CO2 sequestration 60~75 CO2 eTons Shock & Vibration IEC60068-2
Security Level Firewall+Encryption Quality Standard ISO/TS16949:2009
Altitude up to 2000m Safety Certification CE Mark, cUL, UN label
Sustainability Design Circular Life-Cycle EMC-Class A CISPR22 (EN55022)
Fire Suppression Benign Ionic Salt Environmental standard RoHS 6/6, WEEE
Internal communications GigaBit Ethernet Ingress protection IP56

Narada active container Features & Benefits
More PV energy extraction
Our unique architecture extracts more energy

from the solar panels with the mlt charging
regime, by actively extending the PCS’s MPPT,
while it has already achieved full output
When DC:AC ratio is more than 1.1, the internal

DSP controls will dynamically optimize the ESS
voltage to maintain the inverter at maximum
output while also charging the batteries with
the excess energy from the Solar PV panels,
creating greater cash flow for our customers

Narada active container Layout of 20” container
800Vdc; 75A
Walkaway, cable trays, lighting, heating and built-in lift for module services
Support
system
5 isolated outputs:
900Vdc
Rail Buzzer Each 800Vdc, 375A
CO2 Smoke Heat
FSS with dual pole and
sensor sensor sensor
900Vdc-24Vdc Gen. disconnect switches
Latch for Visual
exhaust indicator

Narada active container DC configuration plan
Module Rack Sub-system Container
-- 900V, 15A -- 900V, 75A -- 900V, 370A -- 900V, 1650A

-- 12.8kW -- 64kW -- 320kW -- 1,400kW
-- 10.24kWh -- 51.2kWh -- 256kWh -- 1,126kWh

Narada active container DC configuration plan
DC solution container
• Charge & discharge:

1C charge and 1C discharge
capability up to 60°C ambient
• Compactness:
19”rack, 0.6m depth modules
fitted into a 20 feet container
• High energy density:

900Vdc, 15A, 12.8kW, 10.24kWh
modules up to 1.4MW, 1.12MWh
• Certification: The inner layout of DC solution container

CE, cUL, EN approvals

Narada active container Container efficiency
Charging process
• Charging losses:
Cable, Cable,
- Battery losses=80.60kWh
- Aux. System=1.87kWh switch switch
- Total losses=90.47kWh
Transformer PCS
• Test conditions: > Container loss=79.6kwh
- @25oC, 3760A, 800Vdc Cable, switch loss=9.0kwh
- Charge power 3007kWh
- Charging time: 70mins
Discharging process
• Discharging losses: Cable, Cable,

- Battery losses=87.24kWh
- Aux. System=1.50kWh switch switch
- Total losses=88.74kWh
Transformer PCS
• Test conditions: > Container loss=78.9kwh
- @25oC, 3760A, 800Vdc Cable, switch loss=8.3kwh
- Discharge power 2827kWh
- Charging time: 56mins Turn-around losses: 179.21kWh

Residential projects
Residential solution of Narada HESS
Perth city, Australia
Project Details
• PV generation: 5KWp
• Storage capacity: 24KWh
• Battery type: REXC-500
• Battery quantity: 24pcs
• Project date: 2015.10

Commercial solution of Narada HESS
Copenhagen, Denmark
Project Details

Hangzhou city, Zhejiang, China
Project Details
• Storage capacity: 76.8KWh
• Battery type: 12REXC-200

Dover, Great Britain
Project Details
• PV generation: 3.7KWp

Dover, Great Britain
More references
More references
More references
Eaglemont, Australia
Project Details
• PV generation: 6.24KWp

Eaglemont, Australia
More references
Gu An city, Hebei, China
Project Details
• Battery type: 48NPFC80

Gu An city, Hebei, China
More references
Large-scale projects
Industrial storage for GCL-silicon
Xuzhou city, Jiangsu province, China
• Storage power: 1.5MWp

• Storage capacity: 12MWp
Project highlights • Project date: 2016.09
The first commercialized storage project for enterprises,
which shows economical efficiency of narada batteries

Industrial storage for GCL-silicon
Xuzhou city, Jiangsu province, China
More references
Energy storage project for Grid India
Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi, India
• Storage capacity: 1MWh

• Pb-C batteries: 500KWh
• Li-ion batteries: 500KWh
• Function: Frequency modulation
The first oversea project of energy storage, which consists
of both Narada lead-carbon battery and lithium battery

Energy storage project for Grid India
Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi, India
More references
Industrial storage for Acetech
Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province, China
• Storage power: 750KWp

• Storage capacity: 8MWp
The 2nd commercialized storage project for enterprises,
which provides power adjustment for the industrial park

Industrial storage for Acetech
Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province, China
More references
Guodian PV-wind-diesel & storage
Dong Fushan island, Zhejiang province, China
• Wind generation: 210KWp
The second largest micro-grid system by 2010, also
equipped with desalinization plants of sea water

Guodian PV-wind-diesel & storage
Dong Fushan island, Zhejiang province, China
More references
Thanks!

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An Expert of Energy Storage Solutions.

Narada Power Source Co., Ltd.

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

1994 2001 2010

Foundation Licom power Listed

1998 2005 2014

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Lin'an Area: 113,333 ㎡ Linping Area: 166,667 ㎡ Wuhan Area: 334,000 ㎡

Chengdu Area: 110,678 ㎡ Anhui Area: 166,525 ㎡ Huabo Area: 126,000 ㎡

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Narada Europe (UK)

Narada Footprint India partner

in 150 countries! Narada Asia pacific

Narada subsidiaries Strategic partners

Product & application

To be whole solution provider in Telecom, motive power and energy storage

Telecom & IDC Energy storage

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

• 86 valid patents, 30 invention patents

Mr. Herbert K. Giess

> Chief scientist of Narada power

> Ex-chairman of IEC/EN TC21 cells

> Group leader for IEC standard

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Mr. Hagimori Hajime

> 42 years QM experience ISO9001

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Excellent Alcatel Certificate of

Best energy Data center

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Zhejiang name Vodafone global

Zhejiang Top Innovative value

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

About Renewable Energy eXtra-Carbon battery

• No sulfation problem at negative

• Design life above 20 years (20oC)

• 5~10 times more lifespan at PSoC

• High specific power, fast charging

• About 40% more charge acceptance

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Model Voltage Rated capacity Dimension (L*W*H) Weight

REXC-2000 REXC-1000 REXC-400

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Model Voltage Rated capacity Dimension (L*W*H) Weight

12REXC200 6REXC300 12REXC70

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Project launching of lead-carbon battery Cooperation with specialists of ALABC

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Contract signature for the Research Agreement

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Conventional Lead-acid Lead and carbon in parallel Internal mixed Lead-carbon

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Lead-acid battery Pb Lead-carbon battery

Stored Energy Solutions for a Demanding World!

Main functions Carbon

Oxidation reaction on carbon surface Carbon

Restriction upon growth of crystalloid

HRPSoC cycles (times)

Model Voltage Rated capacity Dimension (LWH) Weight

Model Voltage Rated capacity Dimension (LWH) Weight