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ROBIN AMERICA, INC.

-
ROBIN TO W1SCONSJ.N ROBIN
ENGINE MODEL CROSS REFERENCE LIST

ROBIN WISCONSIN ROBIN

EY08 W1-080
EY15 W1-145
EY 15V W1-145V
EY20 Wl-185
EY20V W1-185V
EY23 W 1-230
EY28 w 1-280
EY35 W1-340
EY40 W 1-390
EY45V W 1-450V
EY2 I EY21W
EY44 EY44W
EY 18-3 EY18-3W
EY25 EY25W
EY27 EY27W

v
EHl1 WO1-115
EH12 wo1-120
EHl5 WO1-150
EH17 WOI-170
EH2 1 wo1-210
EH25 WO 1-250
EH30 WO1-300
EH30V WOI-3oov
EH34 WO1-340
EH34V WO 1-3 40V
EH43V WO 1 -430V

TWO CYCLE

EC13V WT1-125V

DIESEL

DY23 WRD 1-230


DY27 WRD 1-270
DY30 WRD1-300
DY35 WRDI-350
DY4 1 WRD1-410
CONTENTS
Section Title
1.SPECIFICATIONS. ..................................................................................... 1
2.PERFORMANCE ........................................................................................ 3
2-1 Maximum Output ............................................................................... 3
2-2 Continuous RatedOutput .................................................................. 3
2-3 ~~~i~~~ T~~~~~............................................................................... 3
2 - 4 performancecurves ........................................................................... 4
3.FEATURES ................................................................................................ 6
4.GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ENGINECOMPONENTS ......................... 6
4- 1 Cylinder A n d Crankcase ..................................................................... 6
4 - 2 MainBearingCover ........................................................................... 6
4-3 Crankshaft ......................................................................................... 7
4 - 4 Connecting Rod And piston.............................................................. 7
4 - 5 PistonRings ...................................................................................... 8
4 - 6 Camshaft ........................................................................................... 8
4 - 7 ValveArrangement ............................................................................. 8
4-8 CylinderHead .................................................................................... 8
4 - 9 GovernorSystem ............................................................................... 9
4- 10 Cooling Syst ern .................................................................................. 9
4- 1 1 Lubrication ......................................................................................... 9
4- 12 Ignition System ................................................................................. 10
4- 13 Carburetor ......................................................................................... 1 0
4- 14 Air Cleaner ........................................................................................ 10
4- 15 Balancers........................................................................................... 1 1
4- 16 Decompression System ..................................................................... 1 1
4- 17 Sectional View Of Engine.................................................................. 12
5.DISASSEMBLY AND REASSEMBLY ...................................................... 14
5 - 1 Preparations And Suggestions ........................................................... 14
5 - 2 Special Tools ..................................................................................... 14
5 - 3 DisassemblyProcedures ..................................................................... 15
5-4 ReassemblyProcedures ......................................................................32
5-5 Break-inOperation ............................................................................ 42
6.MAGNETO ................................................................................................. 42
6- 1 FlywheelMagneto .............................................................................. 42
6 - 2 BasicTheory ...................................................................................... 43
6 - 3 WiringDiagram .................................................................................. 44
7 .AUTOMATIC DECOMPRESSlON SYSTEM ............................................ 45
8.CARBURETOR........................................................................................... 46
8- 1 OperationAndConstruction .............................................................. 46
8 - 2 DisassemblyAndReassembly ............................................................ 47
1. SPECIFICATIONS

EH30
Model
EH30B EH30BS EH30D
I EH30DS

Type Air-Cooled.4-Cycle.Single-Cylinder,Horizontal P.T.O. Shaft, Gasoline Engine

Bore X Stroke 78 X 61 m m (3.07 X 2.40 in.)

PistonDisplacement 291 cc (1 7.76 cu.in.1

CompressionRatio 8.3
-~

Cont i nuous 7.0/1800 HP/rpm 7.0/3600 HP/rpm


output
Max. 9.0/1800 HP/rpm 9.0/3600 HP/rpm
Max. Torque I 3-9/1250
kg m/rpm 1.95/2500 kg m/rpm
Direction of Rotation Counterclockwise As ViewdFrom P.T.O. Shaft Side

Coolingsystem ForcedAirCooling
~ ~ ~~

ValveArrangement OverheadValve
Splash Type Lubrication
~~~~ ~ ~ ~

Lubricant Automobile OilSAE # 20, # 30 or 1OW-30


Capacity of Lubricant 1.2 liters (0.32 U.S. gal.)
Carburetor HorizontalDraft,Float Type

Fuel AutomobileGasoline
~ ~~ ~~ ~~

Fuel ConsumptionRatio] 230 gr/HP-hAtContinuousRatedOutput


~~ ~~

Fuel Feed System GravityType


Fuel TankCapacity 6 liters(1.58 U.S. gal.)
FlywheelMagneto(SolidState)IgnitionSystem
SparkPlug NGK BP6ES (CHAMPION N9Y)
ChargingCapacity I
12V-1.3A I - I 1 2 V - 1.3A
Recoiland Recoil and
Starting System Recoil Starter Recoil Starter
ElectricStarter ElectricStarter
Speed Reduction I 1/2 Cam DriveShaft I -
GovernorSystem CentrifugalFlyweightType
Air Cleaner DoubleElementType
DryWeight 3 1 .Okg ( 68.31b.) 34.0kg ( 75.01b.) 30.0kg ( 66.1 Ib.) 33.0kg ( 72.81b.)
I

Length 363mm ( 14.29in.) 333mm (1 3.1 1 in.) 363mm ( 1 4.29in.) 333mm ( 1 3.1 1 in
1 Dimensions Width 395mm (1 5.55 in.)
, Height 482mm ( 1 8.98 in.)
Specifications are subject to changewithoutnofice.

- 1 -
EH34
Model
EH348 EH34BS 1 EH34D
~~~~~
EH340S
Type Air-Cooled, 4- Cycle, Single- Cylinder, Horizontal P.T.O. Shaft, GasolineEngine
Bore X Stroke 84 X 61 m m (3.31 X 2.40 in.)
PistonDisplacement 338cc (20.63 cu.in.)
CompressionRatio 8.3
Cont niw u s 8.0/1800 HP/rpm 8.0/3600 HP/rpm
output
Max. 1 1.0/1800 HP/rpm 1 1.0/3600 HP/rpm
Max. Torque 4.82/1250 kg m/rpm 2.41/2500 kg m/rpm
Direction of Rotation CounterclockwiseAsViewdFrom P.T.O. ShaftSide
Coolingsystem ForcedAir Cooling
ValveArrangement OverheadValve
t u brication SplashType
Lubricant Automobile Oil SAE # 20, # 30 or 1O W - 3 0

I
~ ~~ ~~ ~~ .

Capacity of Lubricant 1.2 liters (0.32 U.S. gal.)


Carburetor HorizontalDraft,FloatType
Fuel AutomobileGasoline

Fuel Consumption
Ratio I 230 Continuous
gr/HP-h
At Rated
Output I
Fuel Feed System GravityType
FuelTankCapacity 6 liters (1.58 U.S. gal.)
Ignition System FlywheelMagneto(SolidState)
SparkPlug NGK BP6ES(CHAMPION N9Y)
ChargingCapacity - 12V - 1.3A - 12V - 1.3A
Recoil and Recoiland
StartingSystem Recoil Starter Electric
Starter Recoil Starter Electric
Starter ,
Speed Reduction I 1/2 Drive
Cam Shaft I - I
GovernorSystem CentrifugalFlyweightType
AirCleaner DoubleElement Type

DryWeight 3 1 .Okg (68.31b.) 34.0kg ( 75.01b.) 30.0kg ( 66.1 I b.) 33.0kg ( 72.81b.)

3 6 3 m m ( 1 4.29in.) 3 3 3 m m (1 3.1 1 in.) 3 6 3 m m (1 4.29in.) 333mrn ( 1 3.1 1 in


395rnm ( 1 5.55 in.)
Height 482mm ( 1 8.98 in.)
Specificationsaresubject to change without nofice.

- 2 -
2. PERFORMANCE
2 - 1 MAXIMUM OUTPUT
The maximum outputistheoutput of anenginewithitsthrottlevalvefully opened under the
condition that allthe moving partsareproperly worn in aftertheinitialbreak- in period.
A new engine may not producefullmaximum output while itsmovingpartsarestillnot broken
-in.
2 - 2 CONTINUOUS RATED OUTPUT
Thecontinuousratedoutput is theoutput of an engine at optimumgovernedspeedwhich is
most favorablefromtheviewpoint of engine’s life andfuelconsumption,
When the engine is installed on a certain equipment, it is recommended that the continuous output
required from theengine be kept below thiscontinuousratedoutput.
2-3 MAXIMUM TORQUE
The maximum torque is thetorque attheoutputshaft when theengine is producingmaximum
outputatcertainrevolution.

- 3 -
2 - 4 PERFORMANCE CURVES
OEHBOD, B

Kg - m

CONTINUOUS
5 RATED OUTPUT

4
RECOMMENDABLE
\ HORSEPOWER RANGE
3

0
2000 2400 2800 3200 3600
(1 000) (1 200) (1 400) ( 1 600) (1 800)
REVLOUTION- r. p. m.

- 4 -
*EH34D, B

Kg - m

w
3

HP
A CONTINUOUS
RATED OUTPUT

RECOMMENDABLE
HORSEPOWER RANGE

52B
w
cn
0
I

2000 2400 2800 3200 3600


(1 000) (1 200) (1 400) (1 600) (1 800)
REVLOUTION- r. p. m.

- 5 -
3. FEATURES
1. The overhead valve design offers a compactness, light weight and ideal combustion charastristics
resulting in more power from lessfuel and prolongedengine life.
2. Thevibrationfreedesignwiththetwinbalancersystemandlighterreciprocatingparts.
3. Such parts asthelargecapacitymuffler,dual element air cleaner,helical type balancergear
withextralongteethandthe blower housingand mufflercovermade of resinlaminated
"DAMPING SHEET" reduce noise to aminimum.
4. Theautomatic decompression systemofferseasy,dependablestarting.
5. The muffler and carburetor are located onoppositesides,makingthearrangementsfor cooling
air flow much easier in thedesign of powerequipment.

4. GENERALDESCRIPTION OF ENGINE COMPONENTS

4 - 1 CYLINDER AND CRANKCASE


The
cylinder
and
crankcase is single
piece
aluminumdiecasting.Thecylinderliner,made
of special cast iron, is molded into the aluminum
casting.
Thecrankcasehas a mountingsurfaceonthe
output shaft side, where the main bearing cover
is attached. (See Fig. 1.)

Fig. 1

4 - 2 MAIN BEARINGCOVER
The main bearing cover is aluminum an
diecasting, which is mounted on the output shaft
side of thecrankcase.
Remove the main bearing cover to inspect inside
of theengine.
Pilots and bosses are machined on the cover for
direct mounting of the engine onto such
machines asgeneratorsandpumps.
Oil gauge (fillers) are on both sides of the cover
for easymaintenance.

fig. 2

- 6 -
4- 3 CRANKSHAFT
Thecrankshaft is forgedcarbonsteel,andthe
crank pin is induction-hardened. The output end B TYPE
/ D TYPE
of the shaft has a crankshaft gear and balancer
gearthatarepressedinto position.
(See Fig. 3.)

Fig. 3

4-4 CONNECTING ROD AND PISTON


The connectingrod is forgedaluminum alloy,
and its largeand
small
ends
function
as
bearings. The piston is an aluminum alloy
casting,andcarriestwo compression ringsand
one oil ring.(See Fig. 4.)

Fig. 4

4 - 5 PISTON RINGS
The Pistonringsaremade of special cast iron.
The profile of t h e top ring is barrel face and
tile S W O J I ~ ring has a tapered face with an
m d e r - CUT:. . T O P RING
'l'he oil ring consists of a cutter ring and a
SECOND RING
coil expander far better sealing and less o i l
(xmsumption.
OILRING

Fig. 5

- 7 -
4- 6 CAMSHAFT
Thecamshaft for the D- typeengineismade I B TYPE
of specialcastironandcamshaftgearsare
castedtogetherin one piece.
Both sides of the shaft
fit
intothe
plane
bearings on thecrankcaseandmainbearing
cover.
Thecamshaftfor B- typeengineismade of
forged carbon steel and alsofunctionsas PTO
shaft.
Cam gear is pressfittedontheshaftand ball
bearingsareemployedonthebothsidesfor
supportingtheshaft. (See Fig. 6.1
Fig. 6

4- 7 VALVE ARRANGEMENT
Theintakevalve is located on flywheelside of
thecylinderhead.
Hard
alloy
valve
seats are moIded in the
cylinder head and stellite is fused to the exhaust
valve face.
Thecylinderbaffle
leads cooling air t o the
exhaustvalveareafortheoptimum cooling.
(See Fig. 7.)

VALVE
I

Fig. 7

4-8 CYLINDER HEAD


Thecylinderhead is an aluminum die casting
which utilizeswedgetypecombustionchamber
for thehighestcombustion efficiency.
(See -Fig. 8.)

Fig. 8

- 8 -
4- 9 GOVERNOR SYSTEM
Thegovernor is acentrifugalflyweight type
which ensures constant operation at the selected
speedagainstloadvariations.
Thegovernorgearwithgovernorweights is
installedinthecrankcase and drivenbythe
balancershaft. (See Fig. 9.1

Fig. 9

4- 10 COOLING SYSTEM
Thelargefins on theflywheelprovidesufficientcoolingaircapacity for the inlet andexhaust
areaandcylinder.
Thecylinderbafflehelpsthecoolingairflowefficiently.

4- 11 LUBRICATION
A11 therotatingandslidingparts are splash-
lubricated by the oil scraper on the connecting
rod. (See Fig. 10.)

I OIL SCRAPER

Fig. 10

- 9 -
4- 12 IGNITION SYSTEM
Theignitionsystem is atransistorcontrolled I

magneto ignition
system which cosists of a
flywheeland an ignition coil withabuiltin
transistormountedonthecrankcase.
This system has an ignitiontimingadvancefor
easystarting. (See Fig. 11.)

Fig. 1 1

4- 13 CARBURETOR
Theenginesareequippedwithahorizontal
draft carburetor that has a float controlledfuel
systemandafixedmain jet.
The carburetors are calibrated carefully for the
sure
starting, good acceleration, low fuel
consumptionandsufficientoutput.
For the datails,
refer
to
page 46, section
"8 CARBURETOR". (See Fig. 12.)

Fig. 12

4- 14 AIR CLEANER
The air- cleaner is a heavy - duty type with a
dualelementsystem. (See Fig. 13.)

I
Fig. 13

- 10 -
4- 15 BALANCERS
Unbalanced inertia force is balanced by the two
balancers which rotate at the samespeedwith BALANCER 1
thecrankshaft to effectivelyreducevibration.
(See Fig. 14.)

Fig. 14

4- 16 DECOMPRESSION SYSTEM
An automaticdecompressionmechanismwhich AUTOMATIC DECOMPRESSOR SYSTEM
opensexhaustvalvebeforethepistonreaches
compression top is assembled on thecamshaft
for easystarting. (See Fig. 15)

Fig. I5

- 11 -
4- 17 SECTIONAL VIEW OF ENGINE

FUEL 1 /FUEL TANK

FAN)
FLYWHEEL (COOLING '
MAIN BEARING COVER

- 12 -
PLUG COVER ROCKER ARMS

DRAIN PLUG \BALANCER SHAFT 2

- 13 -
5. DISASSEMBLY AND REASSEMBLY

5 - 1 PREPARATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS


1) When disassemblingtheengine, memorize the locations of individualparts so thattheycan
be reassembedcorrectly. If yor areuncertain of identifying some parts,itissuggestedthat
tags be attached to them.
2) Have boxesreadytokeepdisassembed parts by group.
3) T o preventlosingandmisplacing,temporarilyassembleeach group of disassembed parts.
4) Carefullyhandledisassembedparts,andcleanthem with washing oil if necessary.
5) Use thecorrect tools inthecorrect way.

5 - 2 SPECIAL TOOLS

Tool No. Tool Use

209- 95004- 07 Flywheel puller with bolt For pulling off t h ef l y w h e e l

228-95003-07 Piston ring compressor For placing piston ring

PISTON RING COMPRESSOR

FLYWHEELPULLER

Fig. 76

- 14 -
5 - 3 DISASSEMBLY PROCEDURES

Step Part t o remove Procedures Remarks Tool

1 Oil drain (1) Remove oil drain plug and drain oil. Be careful not to lose 14mm box wrench
(2) To discharge oil quickly, remove oil the gasket.
gauge.

Fig. 17

- 15 -
I
Step Part to remove Procedures Remarks Tool

2 Air cleaner (1) Remove air cleaner cover. Be careful not to lose
(2) Loosen twowing b o l t s and remove washer and gasket for
element. wing bolt.
(3) Loosen screwon swivel and pull out
choke knob.
(4) Remove two flange nuts and a bolt Pull off breather pipe lonun box wrench
and remove cleaner base. from cleaner base.
M6 flange nut .-.-
2pcs.
M6 X 12mm bolt and washer * lpce.

M6 FLANGENUT : 2pcs.

M6 BOLTANDWASHER

CLEANER COVER

CLEANER BASE

WING BOLT

Fig. 18

- 16 -
Step Procedures Remarks Tool
-
3 Control panel (1) Unclamp wires from breather cover.
and bracket (2) Disconnectwires from connectors.
(3) Loosen two bolt andremove control 8mm box wrench
panel.
M5 X l O m m bolt and washer -*..
2pcs.
(4) Loosen. flange bolt and remove lorn box wrench
bracket.
' M6 x 8mm frange bolt * Ipse.
- 0 .

4 Carburetor (1) Close


fuel valve. Be careful not to bend
(2) Disconnectfuel pipe from fuel strainer. governor rod or stretch
(3) Remove carburetor carefully unhooking rod spring.
governor rodand rod spring from
governor lever.

KEY SWITCH
\

Fig. 19

BRACKET

- 17 -
1 Step ]part to remove1 Procedures I Remarks I Tool I
5 Speed contral (1) Unhook governor spring from governor Note governor spring
~ lever and lever. hole on governor lever.
~ governor (2) Remove clip, wing nut, stop plate,
lever friction plate, and speed control lever.
(3) Loosen the bolt and remove governor
lever.

ROD SPRING

GOVERNOR LEVER

I GOVERNOR SPRING

'ER

Fig. 20

- 18 -
~~

Step F'art to rernovc Procedures I Remarks I Tool I


6 Oil sensor Unclamp
(1) sensor cord from main Be very careful not to
(Option) bearing cover. damage stick and
(2) Remove oil sensor unit. sensor unit in any way.

7 Oil sensor Removeoil sensor bracket.


bracket
(Option)

8 Muffler (11 Loosen two flange nuts and a bolt. Be careful not to lose 12mm boxwrench
(2) Remove muffler and muffler cover muffler gasket.
from stud bolts.
M8 flange nut 2pcs.
M8 X 16mm bolt and washer lpce.

M8 FLANGE NUT : P p c s .

MUFFLER COVER

/
GASKET M6 SCREW AND
Fig. 21 SPRING W A S H E R : 2 ~ ~ s .
- 19 -
'art to remove( Procedures
~ ~~~
I Remarks
~~
Tool

Electric (1) Remove black wire from electric starter. Reattach terminal nut
starter (2) Loosen two bolts and remove electric to starter to keep it
(Option) starter. from missing. 12mm socket
M8 x 30mm bolt .*.-
2pcs. wrench
M8 washer ..........
2pcs.
M8 spring washer -
2pcs.

Diode (1) Disconnectwires.


rectifier --
green/white * * 2
white ...........
1
(2) Remove diode rectifier and bracket lOmm boxwrench
from crankcase.
M6 X 12mm flange bolt - . * - lpce.

Magnetic Loosen two flange bolts and remove


switch magnetic switch.
M6 X 12mm flange bolt 2pcs. ....

ELECTRIC STARTER
\

BLACK WIRE

MAGNETICSWITCH
Fig. 22

/
M6 FLANGE BOLT : 2pcs.

- 20 -
Step Part t o remove Procedures Remarks Tool

12 Fuel tank Loosen four flange nuts from bottom of Wipe off spilt fuel
fuel tank and remove fuel tank. thoroughly.
M8 flange nut 4pcs.
- 0 . - 12mm socket
wrench

FUEL TANK

FUEL STRAINER

Fig. 23

- 21 -
emarks Step Part to remove
Procedures Tool

13 Recoil Remove recoil from blower housing. lOmm box wrench


starter M6 X 8mm flange bolt -- 4pcs.

14 Remove
Blower blower housing from crankcase. 1 O m m box wrench
housing M6 x 8mm flange bolt .-.-
4pcs.

BLOWER HOUSING
\
/1

Fig. 24

- 22 -
Step Part t o remove Procedures Remarks Tool

15 Ignition coil (1) Remove spark plugcap from spark


Plug-
(2) Remove ignition coil from crankcase. lOmm box wrench
M6 x 30mm bolt and washer * 2pcs.1.-

~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~~~~ ~

Fuel tank Remove the fuel tankbracket 14mm box wrench


Bracket M10 x 25mm bolt and washer ..a- 4pcs.

Cylinder Remove the cylinder baffle from cylinder. lOmm box wrench
baffle M6 x 8mm flange bolt lpce.

I I I I I

SPARK PLUGCAP

M10 FLANGE BOLT : 4pcs. \ I.""'"


FUEL TANKBRACKET

CYLINDER BAFFLE

M
3
/I BOLTANDWASHER
I PPCS.

/
M6 FLANGE BOLT

Fig. 25

- 23 -
Step 'art t o remove Procedures Remarks Tool
I
18 Flywheel (1) Remove nut from crankshaft. Flywheel can easily be 24mm socket
M16 nut lpce. (See Fig. 26.) removed by striking wrench
(2) Remove thestarting pulley. the head of thecenter 12mm socket
M8 x 1 2 m bolt - * - - 3pcs. bolt of the flywheel wrench
(3) Remove flywheel using flywheel puller. puller with a hammer.
(See Fig. 28.1
(4) Remove thekeyfrom crankshaft. Be careful not to lose
(SeeFig. 29.) the key.
-
19 Charge coil Remove the charge coil Phillips screwdriver
M6 X 20mm screw ----
2pcs.
M6 x 1Omm screw --..
lpce.

I
Fig. 28 Fig. 29

- 24 -
I
eJ to Step \Part Procedures 1 Remarks I Tool

Exhaust Remove exhaust manifold and gasket from 12mm box wrench
manifold cylinder head.
M8 flange nut ----
2pcs.

Intake Remove intake manifold and gasket from 12mm box wrench
manifold cylinder head.
M8 x 28mm bolt and washer --
* * 2pcs.

Remove spark plug from cylinder head.

I I I I I

,SPARK PLUG

M8 FLANGE NUT : ZPCS.

Fig. 30

- 25 -
'art to remove Procedures Remarks Tool

Cylinder (1) Remove rocker cover from cylinder 10mm box wrench
head head.
M6 x 12mm flange bolt ....4pcs.
(2) Loosen adjusting bolts on rocker arms.
(3) Pull out rocker shaft from theintake Mark rocker arms and
side of the cylinder head. push rods so they be
(See FIg. 31.) reinstalled in their
original positions.
(4) Remove the push rods from cylinder.
(5) Remove cylinder head and gasket. 14mm box wrench
M10 X 75mm flange bolt ..*.
4pcs.
M10 x 42mmflangebolt - - e - lpce.

- 26 -
I r
Step l ~ a r tto remove1 Procedures Remarks Tool

YtZzz exhaust (1) Pressdown spring retainer and slide


it to releasefrom the groove of valve
Put
marks on valves,
springs and retainers so
stem,thenremove spring retainer and they be reinstalled in
valve spring.(See Fig. 32.) their original positions.
(2) Remove intake and exhaust valves Clean carbon and gum
fromcylinderhead. deposit from the valves,
valve seats, ports and
guides.
Inspect valves, valve
seats and guides.
Be careful of stem seal

t
on intake valve.
~~ ~~ ~~ ~

Remove breather cover.


M6 x 12mm flange bolt *.-.
2pcs.
Remove gasket ( Breather cover). breather
plate and gasket (Breather plate).

SPRING
RETAINER r

VALVE SPRING

WASHER

OIL SEAL

VALVE GUIDE

Fig. 33

GASKET (BREATHERPLATE)

BREATHER
PLATE

\
BREATHER COVER RUBBER PIPE

M6 FLANGE BOLT : 2pcs.


- 27 -
Step Part to remove Procedures Remarks Tool

, 2 6 h4ai.n (1) Remove bolts fastening main bearing , Be careful not to 12mm box wench
bearing cover on crankcase. damage the oil seal.
~

cover M8 x 4Omm bolt and washer *--*7pcs.


(2) Remove main bearing cover from Use a soft hammer and
crankcase. (See Fig. 35.) evenly tap around
outer surface of cover.

I
Fig. 35

MAIN BEARING
COVER

GASKET

‘ M8 BOLT AND WASHER : 7pcs.

Fig. 36

- 28 -
Step Part to remove Procedures Remarks Tool

27 Camshaft (1) Remove camshaft from crankcase. ( I ) To prevent tappets


and tappets (2) Remone tappets from crankcase. from getting dynages ,
put crankcase cylinder
~
side down.
(See Fig. 37.)
(2) Put marks on tappets

c
1 28
Balancer (I) Position piston at top dead center and
removebalancer 1 and balancer 2.
to distinguish intake
from exhaust.

Fig. 37

Fig. 38

- 29 -
IStep l ~ a r to
t remove1 Procedures
~~
I Remarks I ~
Tool

29 CoMfXthg (1) Remove connecting rod bolts and Scrape off all carbon lOmm box wrench
rod and COMfXting rod cap. deposits that might
piston (2) Turn crankshaft until piston is at top interfere with removal
dead center, push out connecting rod of piston from upper I
I I and piston assembly through top of
cylinder.
end of cylinder.

30 Piston and (1) Remove


clips and piston
pin to Be careful not to give Ring expander
pistonpin remove connecting rod from piston. damages to piston and
(2) Remove piston rings from piston. COMecting rod.
Be careful not .to break
rjngs by spreading too
much or twisting.

I I 1

PISTONRING

PISTON
PIN

CONNECTINGROD

CONNECTING

OIL SCRAPER

M8 BOLT : 2pcs.

Fig. 39

- 30 -
Step Part t o remove Procedures Remarks Tool

31 Crankshaft (1) Tap lightly on flywheel end of


crankshaft to move from crankcase.
(See Fig. 40.)
-

t
Fig. 40

f i g . 41

- 31 -
5- 4 REASSEMBLY PROCEDURES
0 PRECAUTIONSFORREASSEMBLY
1) Clean partsthroughly beforereassembly.
Paymost attentionto cleanliness of piston,cylinder,crankshaft,connectingrodandbearings.
2) Scrape off allcarbondeposits from cylinderhead,pistontopandpistonring grooves.
3) Check lip of oil seals. Replace oil seal if thelip is damaged.
Apply oil tothelip beforereassembly.
4) Replace allthegasketswith new ones.
5) Replace keys,pins,bolts,nuts, etc., if necessary.
6) Torqueboltsandnutsto specification refering to the "TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS".
7) Apply oil torotatingandsliding portions.
8) Check and adjustclearancesandendplayswherespecified in this manual.

5-4- 1 CRANKSHAFT
(1) Install crankshaft on crankcaseusing an oil OIL SEAL GUI
seal guide to avoid damageto oil seal. (See
Fig. 42.)
(2) Install woodruff key for flywheel on
crankshaft.

Fig. 42

5 - 4 - 2 PISTON AND PISTON RINGS OPEN ENDS OF PISTON RING


( I ) Install oil ringfirst,then
topring.
Spreadring
second ringand

only far enough to slip over


f
piston and into correct groove. Use care not
todistortring. (See Fig. 43.)
Install
top ring and second ring with
punched mark beside thegap on the top
side. (See Fig. 45.)

Fig. 43

- 32 -
I' "N" MARK
.TOP RING

.SECONDRING

'OIL RING

fig. 44 Fig. 45

5 - 4 - 3 PISTON AND CONNECTING ROD


"OF" MARK
When installingpiston on connecting rod on D A
type engine,match themark "DF"on thepiston
with
the
mark DF"on connecting rod.
On B type engine, match the mark "BF" on the
piston with the mark " @ BF"on connecting rod.
(See Fig. 46.)
Oil small end of connecting rod before installing
pistonandpiston pin.
Use clips on the bothside of the piston pin to
securepistonpininposition.

Fig. 46

- 33 -
(2) Installpistonandconnectingrodassembly
into cylinder. PISTONRING COMPRESSOR

Use a piston ring compressor to hold piston \ CON,NECTlNG ROD


rings.
The "DF"mark of theconnectingrod for
"D"type engine or the "BF"mark for "B" type
engine is to face flywheel side
when
assembled. (See Fig. 47.)
-[NOTES]
(1) Apply enough oil to piston rings, connecting
0
"-F
CRANKCASE
rod
bearings
and
cylinder
bore before (FLYWHEEL SlOC),
assembly.
Fig. 47
(2) Set gaps of the pistonrings 90 degrees
apartfrom oneanother before assembly.
(See Fig. 48.1
RING

RING

Fig. 48

5 - 4 - 4 CONNECTING ROD
( I ) Turncrankshaftto bottomdead center,
ALIGNMENTMARK
lightly tap top of the piston until large end
of the rodmeetcrankpin.
(2) Installconnecting rod cap and oil splasher
connecting
to rod matching alignment
marks. (See Fig. 49.)
Torque connecting rod bolts to specification.
M8 X 46 mm connecting rod bolt - * 2pcs.
- 0

I Tightening torque I
225-275 kg cm
22.1 "27.0 N m -
16.3-1 9.9 f t * Ib Fig.49

(3) Check for free movement of connecting rod


by turningcrankshaft slowly.

- 34 -
5-4-5 BALANCER SHAFT
Installbalancer shaft 1 (leftside)andbalancer
shaft 2 (rightside)
to crankcase
aligning
matching marks of balancer gear and crank gear
as shown in Fig. 50.
Matching mark for balancershaft 1 is one dot
andthat for balancershaft 2 is two dots.
Align thesamemarks on balancer gearsand
crankgear.

(1) When installing balancer shaft 2, besure


that governor gears mesh properly to drive
f i g . 50
gears on balancer shaft.
(2) incorrect timingof the gears will cause
malfunction of the engine and may results
in damage due to interference of the
parts.

5 - 4 - 6 TAPPETS ANDCAMSHAFT
(1) Oil tappetsandinstall in theiroriginal
position.
Push
in fully to avoid damage during
camshaftinstallation.
(2) Lubricatebearingsurfaces of camshaft.
Align timingmark on crankshaftgear with
timing
mark
camshaft
on and
install
camshaft in the crankcase. (See Fig. 52.)

Incorrect valve timingwill cause malfunction


of the engine. Fig. 51

- 35 -
5 - 4 - 7 ADJUSTCRANKSHAFT AND CAMSHAFT END PLAY
(1) Measure endplay of crankshaftandcamshaft.
Adjustendplay tothe specified values using theproperspacer.

CRANKSHAFT CAMSHAFT
Type D Type B Type D Type 8

SIDE CLEARANCE 0-0.2 mm 0-0.2 rnm 0.1 3-0.29 mm 0-0.2 rnm

T = 0.6 mm T = 0.6 mm T = 0.6 mm T = 0.6 mm


ADJUSTING
T = 0.8mm T = 0.8 m m T = 0.7 mrn T = 0.7rnrn
SPACER
T = 1.O mm T = 1:0 mrn T = 0.8 mrn T = 0.8 rnrn

* Take the thickness of GASKET,BEARING COVER intoaccount as 0.26mm when calculating


the sideclearance.

CRANKSHAFl

MAIN BEARING COVER

\
\
GASKET.
BEARING
I
COVER
SPACER

\\
CRANKCASE
SPACER

Fig. 52

- 36 -
(2) Lubricate oil sealandbearingsurfaces.Add a light film of oil onmain bearing cover face
to hold gasketin place.
Placespacerschosenatprocedure (1) on crankshaftandcamshaft.
Use an oil sealguidewheninstallingmainbearing cover toavoiddamagingthe seal.
Tap cover into place with a soft hammer.
Main bearing cover M8 X 40 mm bolt and washer 7 pcs. * * * e

Tightening torque
170-190 kg * c m
16.7-1 8.6 N m
12.3-L.13.7 ft Ib 4
7

5 - 4 - 8 BREATHER VALVE
Attachbreatherplate(breather valve) andbreather cover tocrankcaseusing propergaskets.
Put breatherplatein suchposition asitsreedvalve opensoutsidetowardsmainbearing cover.
Replace gasketswith newones if theyaretorn or damaged.

5 - 4 - 9 CYLINDER HEAD
(1) Clean carbon and gum deposits from the valves, seats, ports and guides. Inspect valves, valve
seatsandvalveguides.
( 2 ) Replace valvesthatare badly burned,pitted or warped.
(3) When installingvalvesincylinder head, oil valvestemsandinserttheminto valve guide.
Then place cylinder head on flattable,installwasher, valve springandspringretainer.
(4)Valve guidesshould be replacedwhenvalvestemclearanceexceedsspecifications (See
"SERVICE DATA" ) .
Draw valve guidesoutandpress new guides in.
Refer to "SERVICE DATA"for clearancespecifications.
Afterreplacingvalvesandguides,lapvalvesinplaceuntilauniformring shows around the
face of the valve. Clean valves and washcylinder head thoroughly.
( 5 ) Installcylinderhead to cylinderwithnew head gasket.
Tightenfiveflangebolts evenlyin threestepsbythe following tighteningtorque :
Cylinder head M10 X 75 mm bolt 0 4 pcs.
M 1 0 x 4 2 mm b o l t * - * -1 pcs.

I Tightening torque 1
I 1st step I 2nd step I final step I
100 k g * c m 200 kg * c m 340-420 kg cm
9.8 N . m 19.6 N m 33.3-41.2 N m
I 7.2 f t * Ib I -
14.5 ft Ib I 24.6-30.4 ft Ib I

5 - 4 - 10 ROCKER ARMS AND PUSHRODS


(1) Insertpushrodsintocrankcase.
Putpushrod tip in the hollow of tappet top.
(2) Apply oil to rocker arms andassemblethem tocylinder head usingrocker shaftand spacer.

- 37 -
5 - 4 - 11 VALVE CLEARANCE ADJUSTMENT
(1) Positionpiston at
top dead center of
compression stroke by matchingthemark
of flywheelwith the
mark T of
crankcase. (See Fig. 53.)
(2) Loosen lock nut on rockerarm and turn
adjusting screw to adjust
the
clearance
betweenrockerarm and valve stemend.
(See Fig. 54.)
Tighten lock nut.

Fig. 53

- [NOTE]
Check and adjustvalveclearance with engine
cold.
Check
operation of valves by turning
crankshaft .
Remeasure tappet clearance.

(3) Installrocker cover andgasket.


Rocker cover M6 x 12 mm bolt - 0 0 . 4 pcs.

5 - 4 - 1 2 SPARKPLUG Fig. 54
Install spark plug tocylinderhead.
Sparkplug : NGK BPGES or CHAMPION N9Y
Tightening toque
New spark plug Retightening
120-150 kg cm- 230-270 kg cm
11.8-14.7 N rn 22.6-26.5 N rn
8.7-1 0.9 ft * Ib 16.6-1 9.5 f t * Ib

5-4113 INTAKEAND EXHAUSTMANIFOLD


( 1 ) Installintake pipe to cylinder head with gasket.
Tighten three bolts.
I
toque Tightening I
1 100-140 kg - c m 1 9.8- 13.7 N m - I 7.2- 10.1 ft * Ib I
( 2 ) Install exhaust pipe to cylinder head with gasket.
Tighten two flange nuts.
I
toque Tightening 1
I 180-220 kg - cm I 17.7-21.6 N rn - I 13.0-15.9 f t Ib 1

- 38 -
(1) Installcharge coil to crankcase.
Clamp coil wire to crankcase.

-I [NOTE]

Be careful not t o pinch


coil wire
between
charge coil and crankcase.

(2) Put woodruff key in keyway of crankshaft.


Wipeoff
oil andgreasethoroughlyfrom
taperedportion of crankshaftandflywheel
center hole.
(3) Installflywheel to crankshaft. Fig. 55
Tightenflywheel nutwithspring washer.
(See Fig. 55.)
Tightening toque
850-960 kg cm 83.4-93.2 N m 61.5-68.7 ft Ib
(4) Install starting pulley to flywheel.
Tightening togue
70-90 kg cm 6.9- 8.8 N m 5.1 -6.5 ft Ib

5-4-15 CYLINDER BAFFLE AND FUEL TANK BRACKET


Installcylinderbaffleand fuel tankbrackettocylinderhead.

5-4- 16 IGNITION COIL


Installignition coil to crankcase.
Adjust air gap between
ignition coil and
flywheelusing a thickness gauge andtighten
bolts. (See Fig. 56.)
I Air gap

I 0.3-0.5 mm
0.012-0.020 in.

Fig. 56

5-4- 17 BLOWER HOUSING AND RECOILSTARTER


(1) Attach blower housing to crankcase.
Tightenfourflange bolts.
(2) Install recoil starter to blower housing.
M6 x 8mm flange bolt 4 pcs.
- 0

r [NOTES]
Be careful of pulling direction of starter rope.

- 39 -
5-4-18 FUEL TANK
Install fuel tank to fueltank bracket.

5 - 4 - 19 ELECTRIC STARTER (Optional equipment)


(1) Installmagnetic switch tocrankcase.
(2)Install diode rectifiertocrankcase.
(3) Installelectric starterto crankcase.
(4) Connect wires referringtothe wiring diagram.

5-4-20 MUFFLER
hstallmufflertoexhaust pipewithmuffler gasket.

5-4-21 OIL SENSOR (Optional equipment)


(1) Install sensor bracketto crankcase.
(2) Install oil sensor unit to sensorbracket.
D TYPE
(3) Screw in sensor probe intothe oil filler.
Type ‘D”engines : Insertsensor probe into
the
muffler side
filler
neck.
Type ‘B-engines : Insertsensorprobe into
carburetor side.

MUFFLER SIDE CARBURATOR SIDE

Fig. 57

5 - 4 - 2 2 GOVERNOR, SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM


(1) Installgovernorlever to governor shaft.
Tighten locking bolttemporarily.
(2) Install speed control lever to crankcase with
return spring, friction washer, wing nut, etc.
as shown in Fig. 58.
(3) Hook governorspringtoproper holes of
governorleverand speed controllever.
.(See Fig. SI.)
(4) Installinsulatorandgasketstointake pipe.
SPEED CONTROLLEVE

STOP PLATE ’ WASHER t


fig. 58

- 40 -
(5) Installcarburetortointakepipe hooking ~.
-GOVERNOR R
governorrod to governor lever and throttle
lever of carburetor. Hook rod springover
governor rod.
(See Fig. 59.)
(6) Attachpanelbracketandair cleanerbase
tocarburetorwithgaskets.
Tightentwoflangenuts and abolt.
Connect breather pipe from tappet cover to
cleaner base.
(7) Adjustgovernorsystem.
(a) Push speedcontrollever all the way to
thehighspeed position and fix itby Fig. 59
tighteningwingnut. (See Fig. 60.)
(b) Check that governor lever is pulled by
governorspringandcarburetorthrottle
valve is fully open.
(c)Turngovernorshaft counterclockwise all
the way using a screw driver, and tighten
lock bolt to secure the lever on the shaft.
(See Fig, 60.)

Fig. 60

HOOKING POSITION OF THE GOVERNOR SPRING


Rated 3000 rpm (50Hz) applications : 1 - A * Rated 3600 rpm (60Hz) applications : 3- B

Governor spring material : Stainless


steel Governor spring material : Zinc plated steel
Color : Silver Color : Gold
Fig. 61

- 41 -
(8) Installcontrolpanel to bracket.
Connectwires.
(9) Put chokeknobwire throughgrommet on cleanerbase andfasten to swivel on chokeshaft
of carburetor.
(10) Putelementintoair cleaner andfastenwithwing bolts.
Installair cleaner cover.
- End of the reassembly -

5 - 5 BREAK- IN OPERATION
An enginethathas been completelyoverhauled by beingfittedwith a new piston,rings,valves
andconnecting rod shouldbe throughly RUN-IN beforebeing put back intoservice.
Good bearingsurfacesandrunning clearancesbetween thevariousparts canonlybeestablished
by operatingtheengineunderreduced speed andloads for a short period of time.
While theengine is being tested, check for oil leaks.
Make finalcarburetoradjustmentandregulatetheengineoperating speed.

I Steps I Load

6. MAGNETO

6- 1 .FLYWHEEL MAGNETO
The ignitionsystem of the EH30./EH34 is pointless flywheel magneto with automaticadvancing
characteristic.
Being differentfromthebreakerpointtype ignitionsystem, thissystem iscompletely free from
suchtroublesasstarting-upfailure owing todirty,burntorcorrodedpointsurface.
Theelectronicautomaticadvancingensuresextremelyeasystartsandstablehighperformance
at. operating speed by advancing the ignitiontiming tothe mostsuitablepoint.

- 42 -
6-2 B A S E THEORY
(1) Revolution of theflywheelgenerateselectricity on theprimary side of theignition coil, and
thebasecurrent I1 flows tothe power transistor.
Current I1 turnsthe power transistor"0N"andtheelectriccurrent Iz flows.
(2) At lower engine revolution, when the flywheel reached the ignition point the low speed ignition
timing controll circuit operates to run the base current 13 to turn the signal transistor A "ON"
allowing thecurrent I1 tobypassascurrent 14.
At this moment the power transistor turns "0FF"and the current I2 is abruptly shut resulting
in the high voltagegeneratedinthesecondary coil which produces sparks at the spark plug.
(3) At higher engine revolution, the advancing controll circuit operates at the ignition timing to
1

run the base current k to turn the signal transistor B "0N"allowing the current I1 to bypass
ascurrent Is.
At this moment the power transistor turns "0FF"and the current Iz is abruptly shut resulting
in the high voltage generated in the secondary coil which produces sparks at the spark plug.
The operating timing of the advancing controll circuit advances in accordance with the increase
of enginespeed resulting in theadvancing of ignitiontiming as showninFig. 62 (b).

ELECTRONIC ADVANCINGFLYWHEEL
MAGNETOSYSTEM
(B.T.D.C.)
c
,
STEP ADVANCING

500 1000 2000 3000(r.p.m.)


ENGINEREVOLUTION
Fig. 62 ( b )
- 43 -
6-3 WIRING DIAGRAM

STANDARD

Stop Button
c
Ignition Coil Connector
I

Spark Plug
-1
Black

"

775-

-.

Flywheel

ElNGlNE WITH ELECTRtC STARTER

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I 1 2VOLT
l -
I

\
BATTERY
I MINIMUM
I 24 AMP.HR.
I
I II
I DIODE
I RECTIFIER I
r
L """""""- 1

Fig. 63

- 44 -
7 . AUTOMATIC DECOMPRESSION SYSTEM
The decompression systemoperatestorelease compression by liftinguptheexhaust valve at
starting.
The releaselevermounted on thecamshafthas a flyweight a t one endandacrescent cam at
theother end. When startingthe engine,thecrescent cam juts outfromtheexhaust cam.
The exhaust tappet rides over the crescent cam opening the exhaust valve to release compression.

LEVER

CRESCENT

EXHAUST

Fig. 64

When the crank speed reaches a certain revolution, the flyweight of the release lever moves outward
bythecentrifugal force turningthe releaselever to retract the crescent cam. Thustheexhaust
valve closes allowing a sufficient compression for the engine to start up.

FLYWEIGHT

RELEASE
LEVER

CRESCENT C A M

EXHAUST CAM

CAMSHAFT

Fig. 65

The components of the decompressionsystem are different between “D”typeand “B”type engines,
however the principle of operation is the same.

- 45 -
8.CARBURETOR
8- 1 OPERATION AND CONSTRUCTION
8 - 1 - 1 FLOAT SYSTEM
The float chamber is located below the carburetor
body and, with float
a and a needle valve,
maintains a constant fuel level during engine
operation. (See Fig. 66.)
The fuel flowsfrom the fuel tank into thefloat
chamber through needle valve. When the fuel rises
to aspecificlevel,thefloatrises,and when its
buoyancy and fuel pressureare
balanced,
the
needle valve closes toshut off the fuel, thereby
keeping the fuel atthepredetermined level.

Fig. 66

PILOT OUTLET JET PILOT

\
BY - PASS,,
I .
- --
"_ -- "
"_ - -"
- - - ---
""- """-
- - -- - -
f" "
\

\ I
" "

[ [ PILOT
JET
AIR
MAIN

AT
\
! I MAIN AIR JET

- \
MAINJET
Fig. 67

- 46 -
8-1 - 2 PILOT SYSTEM
The pilot systemfeedsthe fuel totheengineduringidlingand low- speedoperation.
Thefuel is fedthroughthemain jet tothepilotjet,where it is metered,and mixed with the
airmetered by the pilotairjet.
Thefuel-airmixtureisfedtothe engine throughthepilotoutletandtheby- pass.
Atidlingspeed,thefuelis mainlyfed fromthe pilot outlet.

8 - 1 - 3 MAIN SYSTEM
The main systemfeedsthefueltotheengine a t medium- andhigh-speedoperation.
Thefuel is metered by themainjetandfedtothe main nozzle. Theairmetered by the main
airjet is mixed withthefuelthroughthe bleed holes inthe main nozzle, andthemixture is
atomized out of the main bore. It is mixed again with the air taken through the air cleanerinto
an optimumfuel-airmixture, which is supplied tothe engine.

8 - 1 - 4 CHOKE
The choke is used for easy start when engine is cold. When the starter is operatedwitha closed
choke, the negative pressure applied to the main nozzle increases and draws much fuel accordingly :
thus easily startupthe engine.

8 - 2 DISASSEMBLY AND REASSEMBLY


Apart from mechanicalfailures,most of carburetortroublesare caused by anincorrect mixing
ratio, which mayarise mainlydue to aclogged up air or fuelpassageinjets,orfuellevel
variations. In ordertoassureproper flow of airand fuel, thecarburetormust be kept clean at
all times. Thecarburetordisassemblyandreassemblyproceduresareas follows : (See Fig. 68.)

8 - 2 - 1 THROTTLE SYSTEM
(1) Remove the philips screw (1) and throttle 1 2 3
valve (2), and pull out the throttle-> shaft (3).
(2) The spring (4)can be taken out by removing
thethrottlestopscrew (5).
*Exercisecarenottodamagethrottlevalve
ends.

8-2-2 CHOKE SYSTEM


(1) Remove the philipsscrew (6) and choke valve
(71, andpulloutthe choke shaft (8).
(2) When reassembling
the choke shaft, make sure @“----23
thatthecutout in the choke valvefaces the
l7”---i
16
LZ
main 19
Meantime, when reassembling set the rings (9)
and (10) attheright position.

8 - 2 - 3 PILOT SYSTEM
( 1 ) Remove the pilot jet (1 l)., usingcorrect
to avoid damagetoit.
tool
13 <
a
18 &
( 2 ) Reassembly 12 “--&
Tightenthe pilotjetsecurely.Otherwise, the
Fig. 68
fuelmayleak,causingenginemalfunction.

- 47 -
8 - 2 - 4 MAINSYSTEM
(1) Remove thebolt(12)andtakeoutfloatchamber body (13).
(2) From the body (14) remove the main nozzle (15), andthen remove the main jet (16) and
guideholder (17) from the main nozzle (15).
(3) Reassembly
a) Fasten the main jet securely to the body. Otherwise, the fuel may become too rich and cause
enginemalfunction.
b) Thebolt tightening torque is 70kg - cm.Be sure to set the gasket (19) and washer (18) for
chamber ( 13).

8 - 2 - 5 FLOAT SYSTEM
(1) Pull out the float pin (20) and
remove the float (21) and then remove the clip (22) and needle
valve (23).
If the needle valve need to be replaced,replace itwithrubber needle.

When cleaning thejets, use neithera drill nor awire (because ofpossible damage of the
orificewhichwilladversely affectfuel flow). Be sure to usecompressed air to blow them
clean.

(2) When removing the needle valve and float,gentlytapthereverse sideusing the rodmore
slenderthanthefloat pin and remove,since thefloat pin is calked tothecarburetor body.

- 48 -
9. STARTING SYSTEM

9-1 RECOIL STARTER


When repairing recoil starter,disassembleand reassemblein the followingprocedures.
Tools : Socketwrench, Needle nose pliers,Screwdriver

[NOTE]
The following explanation is applicable tothe recoil starter for “D” type engines.
For “B” type models, reverse the direction of rotation t o achieve proper service work.

9-1 - 1 HOW TO DISASSEMBLE (D Type)


TARTER ROPE
(1) Remove recoil starterfrom engine.
(2) Pull starter knob and pull out starter rope
for 30-40cmto line up notchonreelwith
outlet hole for starter rope.
Hold reel with thumb and pull starter rope
insidethestarter case withscrewdriver.
(See Fig. 69.)
Rewind reel clockwise until the
rotation
stops.
When rewinding the
reel,
control
the
rotation byholding starterropeusingthe I
notch on the reel and pressing the reel with Fig. 69
thumb.

(3) Remove partsinthe following order.

1. Centerscrew
2. Frictionplate
3. Frictionspring
4. Ratchet 4,
5. Ratchet spring

Fig. 70

- 49 -
(4) Remove reelfromstarter case asshown in
Fig. 71.
Take
outreel slowly turning it lightly
toward left and right to remove spring from
the hook. Do not remove thereelquickly
or the spring may escape from thestarter
case.
Untie starter rope from the
knob
and
remove.

p g ' STARTER CASE

Fig. 71

9- 1 - 2 HOW TO REASSEMBLE (D Type)


( 1 ) Putstarter rope through starter knob and
tieitasshown in Fig. 72. (Tie therope
tightlyforthesafety sake.)
Puttheoppositeside of the rope through
starter case and reel. Tie it in the same way
as starter knob end and put the knot in the
reel complely.
Fig. 72
(2) Check that spring is securely set in the reel.
Adjust theposition of innerend of the
spring so it hooks on hookin thestarter OUTER END OF SPRING
case securely.
The shape of starterspring innerend can
be adjustedwithplier if necessary.

SPRING KEEPER

BEARING REEL
INNER END OF SPRING

Fig. 73

- 50 -
(3) Prior to installing reel in starter case, wind
starterropeinreelfor 2.5 turns in the
arrowheaddirectionas shown in Fig. 74.
Then let the rope out of reel from the notch
on reel. Line upthe hook withinner end
of springandinstallreelinstarter case.
Check that the
innerend of spring
is
securelyhookedontothe hook.

(4) Reassemble parts reverse


in order of
disassembly.
Check thatratchetsare pushedbyratchet
springstowardthecenter of recoil.
Install friction plate with its two bosses set
inside of thebentportion of rachets.
Apply small amount of lock- tight to center
screwandtorque it.

1
Thightening torque
4.0 kg cm
3.9 N m
2.9 f t Ib Fig. 75

( 5 ) Hold starter ropeas shown in Fig.76 and


turn reel 4 times in the arrowhead direction.
Firmlypress the reel not to allowreverse
turnand pull starting knob t o letstarter
rope out of starter case.
Return knob slowly to let
starter
rope
rewindin reel.

Fig. 76

- 51 -
(6) Testoperation of recoil starterto see if rope recoils satisfactorilyandratchetsprojectand
retract properly. Mount recoil startertotheengine.

(7) If spring escapesfromreelwhendisassembling recoil, hook theouter end of springontothe


notch of reel and rewind thespringintothe housing.

(8) Lubricatetherotatingparts,slidingpartsandspringwithheatresistantgrease or mobile


oil whenreassembling recoil and priorto long termstorage.

9 - 2 ELECTRIC STARTING MOTOR (OPTION)


9- 2 - 1 DISASSEMBLY
(1) The 6mm terminal nuts (2pcs.)
Remove the 6mm terminalnuts. (Zpcs.)

I
Fig. 77

(2) "M"terminal bush No,l


(3) The 5mm throughbolts (Zpcs.)
Remove the "M" terminalbush No, 1.
The rear cover is disassembled by removing
the 5mm through bolts. (2pcs.I

Fig. 78

- 52 -
(4) The rear cover
4
Remove the rear cover.

Fig. 79

(5) The 4mm screws (2pcs.I


(6) The brush holder.
6 7
(7) "M" terminalbush No, 2.
The brush holde is disassembled by re-
mov,ing the 4 mm screws. (Zpcs.)
Remove the "M" terminalbush No, 2.

Fig. 80

(8) Yoke assembly.


Remove the yoke assembly.

f i g . 81

- 53 -
(9) The pinion stopper clip.
The pinion stopper clip is removed with a
standard
screwdriver while the pinion
stopper is pushed toward the pinion.

Fig. 82

(1 0 ) Pinion stopper.
(I 1) Pinion return spring. 12
(1 2) Pinion assembly.
The pinion stopper, pinion returnspring
11 \
and
the pinion assemblycan be dis -
assembled once the pinion stopper clip has
been removed.

Fig. 83

-
(13) Armature.
(14) Thrustwashers (4pcs.) 15
(15) Front cover.
The armature, thrust washers (4pcs.). front
cover andthe yoke assembly can be
disassenbled once therear cover.

Fig. 84

- 54 -
\L
9 11 12 15 14 13 14

'2d 3
2 0

nlmml

8 95 6 \ 4

Fig. 85

1. The 6 m m terminalnuts (2pcs.) 9. The pinion stopper clip


2. "M" terminalbush No,1 10. Pinionstopper
3. The5mmthroughbolts (2pcs.) 1 1. Pinion return spring
4. The Rear cover 12. Pinionassembly
5. The 4 m m screws (2pcs.) 13.Armature
6. Thebrushholder 14. Thrustwashers(4pcs.)
7. "M" Terminal bush No, 2 15. Frontcover
8. Yokeassembly

- 55 -
9 - 2 - 2 INSPECTION AND REPAIR
( 1 ) ARMATURE
a) Check thediameter of thecommutator.
If theoutsidediamaeter of thecommu-
tator is below the minimum Iimit then
replaceit.
Unit : mm

I Standard (New) I (Used)


Limit I
30 29

Fig. 86

b)Continuitytest for thearmature coil.


Use a tester to check for continuity
between parallel points on the commutator.
TESTER
If There is continuity, the armature is still
good.
No continuity : (Disconnected coil)
Replace thearma ture.

Fig. 87

c) Insulation test for thearmature coil.


Use tester
a to check for continuity
betweenapoint on thecommutatorand TESTER
theshaft or the core.
If Thereis no continuity,thearmature is
still good.

,o,
- Continuity exists : (Short circuited coil)
Replace thearmature.

Fig. 88

- 56 -
d) Check for Surface Distortion on the Arma-
ture and theCommutator.

Q0
COMMUTATOR
Use a dial gauge to measure the distortion
of theout side surfaces of thearmature
core and the commutator. If it is above the
limit,thenrepair or replace it.
Unit : mm

I I Standard
(New) 1 Limit (Used) 1
I Armature I 0.05 (Max.) [ 0.1-( M a x 7
Commutator I 0.05 (Max.) 1 OK (Max.) 1
I

Fig. 89

e) Check theSurface of theCommutator.


If the commutatorsurface is rough,then
please use No, 500-600 sandpaper to make
it smooth.

Fig. 90

f > Check the Depth of the Insulating Material


from the CommutatorSurface. 0.5-0.8 mrn
INSULATOR
If the depth of the insulating material from

?n+
COMMUTATOR
thecommutatorsegments is less thanthe SEGMENTS
limit,then please repairit by filingit
down.
Unit : mm CORRECT

Standard(New)
0.5-0.8
Limit (Used)
0.2 (Min.)
A 1R-T INCORRECT

Fig. 91

- 57 -
(2)BRUSH
Measure thelength of thebrushesand if
theyareunderthe limit, replacethem.
Unit : mm

Brush
Positive side brush
Negative side brush

Fig. 92

(3)BRUSH HOLDER
a>InsulationTestfortheBrushHolder.
Check forcontinuity between thebrush
holder'stop(Positiveside)anditsbase
(Negativeside). If there is no continuity
then i t is still good.
Continuity Exists :(Unsatisfactory
Insulation)
Replace the brush hold-
er.

Fig. 93

b) Inspection of the BrushSprings.


Check the weight of thebrushsprings.

I
Fig. 94

- 58 -
(4) PINION CLUTCH
Inspection of the pinionclutch.
Rotatethepinionmanually. While rotating
it in thedirection of normaloperation,
smoothlyreversethedirection of rotation
to confirm that it locks.
In theevent of any irregularity,replace it.

Fig. 95

9-2-3 REASSEMBLY
Reassembly is intherevrseorder of disassembly,howeverpleasenotethefollowingpoints.
(1) ThePlacesto Apply Grease :
Theslidingsurfaces of thepinionandthe shaft’sspline.
Themetalsholdingtheshaft atthefrontandrearcovers.

- 59 -
10. TROU8LESHOOTtNG
The following threeconditiontsmust be fulflledforsatisfactoryenginestart.
1. Thecylinder filled with aproperfuel-airmixture.
2. Good compressionin thecylinder.
3. Good spark,properlytimed,toignitethemixture.
Theenginecannot be started unless thesethreeconditionsare met. Therearealsootherfactors
which makeengine start difficult,e. 8.. a heavyloadontheenginewhen it isabouttostart
at low speed,and a highbackpressuredue to alongexhaust pipe.
The most common causes of engine troublesaregiven below :

10- 1 STARTING DIFFICULTIES


10-1 - 1 FUELSYSTEM
( 1 ) No gasoline in thefueltank ; orthefuel cock closed.
(2) Thecarburetorisnot choked sufficiently especiallywhen the engine is cold.
(3) Water,dust or gum inthe gasoline iterferingthe fuel flow tothecarburetor.
(4) Inferiorgradegasolineor poor quality gasoline not vaporizedenough to produce thecorrect
fuel - air mixture.
(5) Thecarburetor needle valve is heldopenbydirt or gum. This troublecan be detected as
thefuel flows out of thecarburetor when theengineis idling.(Overflow)
Thistrouble may be remediedby lightlytappingthefloatchamberwiththegrip of a
screwdriver or the like.
(6) If thecarburetor overflows,excessivefuel runsintothecylinder when startingthe engine,
makingthefuel-airmixture too rich toburn. If thishappens, remove thesparkplug,and
turn the starting pulleya few turns in order to let the rich fuel-air mixture out of the spark
plug hole into the atmosphere. Keep the choke valve open during this operation. Dry the spark
plug well, screw itinto place, and try to start again.

10- 1 - 2 COMPRESSION SYSTEM


If starting difficultesand loss of power arenotduetothefuelsystem orignitionsystem,the
followings must be checked for possible lack of compression.
(1)Engineinside is completely dried up because of a Iong period of storage.
(2) Loose or broken spark plug. Thiscausesahissingnoisemadebymixture gas runningout
of cylinder in compression strokeduringcranking.
(3) Damaged head gasket or loose cylinderhead. A similarhissing noise isproduced during
compressionstroke.
(4) -Incorrect Valve clearance
If thecorrect compression isnotobtained even afterremedyingtheabove, disassemble the
engineand check furtheras follows :
a) Valve stuck open duetocarbon or gum on thevalvestem.
b) If the piston ringsarestuck on thepiston, remove the piston andconnectingrodfrom
theengine. Clean or replace theparts.

- 60 -
10- 1 - 3 IGNITION SYSTEM
Check thefollowingsforlack of sparks.
(1) Wires of theignition coil, sparkplugorcontactbreaker disconnected.
(2) Ignition coil damagedandshorted.
(3) Spark plug cablewetorsoakedwith oil.
(4) Sparkplugdirtyor wet.
(5) Sparkplugelectrodegapincorrect.
(6) Sparkplugelectrodesareconnected or bridged.
(7)Incorrectsparktiming.

10- 2 ENGINGE MISFIRES


(1) Incorrectsparkplugelectrodgegap.Adjust ittoanywhere between 0.7 and 0.8mm.
(2) Ignitioncablewornandleaking.
(3) Sparks weak.
(4) Ignition wire connections loose.
(5) Waterin gasoline.
(6) Insufficientcompression.

10-3 ENGINE STOPS


(1) Fuel tank empty. Water, dirt, gum, etc. in gasoline.
(2) Vaporlock, i.e., gasolineevaporatinginthefuellinesduetooverheataroundthe engine.
(3) Vapor lock inthefuellines or carburetorduetothe use of toovolatilewintergasinthe
hot season.
(4) Air vent hole inthefueltankcapplugged.
(5) Bearing parts seized dueto lack of oil.
(6) Magneto or ignition coil faulty.

10- 4 ENGINE OVERHEATS


(1) Crankcase oil level low. Add oil immediately.
( 2 ) Spark timingincorrect.
( 3 ) Low grade gasoline is used, or engine is overloaded.
(4)Cooling aircirculationrestricted.
(5) Cooling air pathmisdirectedcauses loss of cooling efficiency.
(6) Cylinderheadcooling fins clogged up withdirt.
(7) Engine operatedinan enclosed spacewithoutsufficient coolingair.
(8)Exhaustgasdischargerestricted, or carbondepositsinthe combustionchamber.
(9) Engine running on low-octane gaoline detonatesduetoheavy load at low speed.

- 61 -
10-5 ENGINEKNOCKS
(i) Poor quality gasoline.
(2) Engine operatingunder heavy load at low speed.
(3) Carbon or lead deposits in thecylinderhead.
(4) Spark timing incorrect.
(5) Loose connectingrodbearingdue to wear.
(6) Loose piston pin due to wear.
(7,) Cuases of engine overheat.

10- 6 ENGINEBACKFIRESTHROUGHCARBURETOR
(1) Water or dirt in gasoline, or low- grade gasoline.
(2) Intakevalvestuck.
( 3 ) Valves overheated, or hotcarbon particles in the combustionchamber.
(4) Engine cold.

- 62 -
11. INSTALLATION
Enginelife,ease of maintenanceandinspection,frequency of checksandrepairs,andoperating
costalldepend on the way in which theengineisinstalled. Review the following instructions
carefullyforinstallingthe engine.

11 - 1 INSTALLING
When mounting the engine, carefully examine its position, the method of connecting it to a machine,
thefoundation, and the mehtod of supportingtheengine.
When determining its mounting position, in particular, make sure that gasoline and oil caneasily
be supplied and checked, the spark plug can easily be checked, the air cleaner can easily be serviced,
andthatthe oil caneasilybedischarged.

11 - 2 VENTILATION
Fresh air isnecessaryfor cooling theengineandburningthefuel.
In the case the engine is operated under a hood or in a small room, temperature rise in the engine
room can cause vapor lock, oil deterioration, increased oil consumption, loss of power, piston seizure,
shorterenginelife,etc.,makingit impossible tooperatetheengineproperly.Itisnecessary,
therefore, to provideaduct or baffle to guide cooling air to the engine to preventrecirculation
of he hotairusedforengine cooling, andtemperaturerise of the machine.
Keep the engine room temperature below 50°C eveninthehottestperiod of theyear.

11- 3 EXHAUST GAS DISCHARGE


Exhaust gas is noxious. When operating the engine indoors, be sure t o discharge the exhaust gas
outdoors. If a long exhaust pipe is used insuch acase, theinternalresistanceincreasescausing
loss of engine power. Thus pipeinside diametermust be increasedinproportiontoexhaustpipe
length.
Exhaust pipe :Lessthan 3m long, pipeinsidediameter 30mm,
Lessthan 5mlong,pipeinside diameter 33mm.

11 - 4 POWER TRANSMISSION TO DRIVEN MACHINES


11 - 4 - 1 BELT DRIVE
Takethe following notesintoconsideration.
* V- belts are preferable to flat belts.
* Thedrivingshaft of theengine must beparalleltothedriven shaft of the machine.
* Thedrivingpulley of theenginemustbe in line withthedrivenpulley of the machine.
* Install the enginepulleyas close tothe engine as possible.
* If possible, spanthe belthorizontally.
* Disengage the load when startingtheengine.
If no clutch is used, use abelttensionpulley or the like.

11 - 4 - 2 FLEXfBLE COUPLING
When usingaflexiblecoupling,runoutandmisalignmentbetweenthedrivenshaftandengine
shaftmustbeminimized.Runoutandmisalignmenttoleranceare specified by thecoupling
manufacturer.

- 63 -
12. SERVICE DATA

12- 1 CLEARANCE DATAAND LIMITS


Unit : mm (in)
T ~EH%/EH34
ITEM

i
Limit
CYLINDER HEAD
Flatness

0.05 0.1
(0.002) (0.004)

Valve seatcontact width

0.7-1 .O 2.0
IN. EX.
(0.028-0.039) (0.079)

Valveguideinsidedia.

6.600-6.622 6.75
(0.260-0.261 1 (0.266)

- 64 -
Unit : mm (in)

I EH30 I EH34
I STD Lmit SBD Lmit
CYLlNDER To be rebored To be rebored
0 Inside dia. the when when the
difference difference
78.000-78.01 9 betweenmax. 84.000-84.022 between max.
STD
(3.071 "3.072) and min. of (3.307-3.308) and m i no. f
diameter diameter
reached to 0.1 reached t o 0.1
(0.004). (0.004).

I 1s t 78.250-78.269 84.250-84.272
Ditto Ditto
reboring (3.081
-3.082) (3.31 7-3.31 8)

2nd 78.500-78.51 9 84.500-84.522


reboring (3.091 -3.092) (3.327-3.328)

Roundinessafter reboring.

0.0 1 0.01
(0.004) (0.004)

8 Cylindricity after reboring.

0.01 5 0.0 15
(0.0006) (0.0006)

PISTON
Q Piston size (At skirt in thrust
direction) 77.96-77.98 77.87 83.96-83.98 83.87
STD
(3.069-3.070) (3.066) (3.305-3.306) (3.302)

78.21 -78.23 78.12 84.21 -84.23 84.1 2


' st
' O
(3.079-3.080) (3.076) (3.31 5-3.316 ) (3.312)

I
2nd o/s
78.46-78.48
(3.089-3.090)
78.37
(3.085)
84.46-84.48
(3.325-3.326)
84.37
(3.322)

- 65 -
Unit : mm (in)
EH30 EH34
ITEM
STD Limit STD Limit
Ringgroovesideclearance
0.05-0.09 0.1 5 0.05-0.09 0.1 5
TOD
(0.002-0.0035) (0.006) (0.002-0.0035) (0.006)

0.03-0.07 0.1 5 0.93-0.07 0.1 5


2nd
'0.0012-0.0028: (0.006) 0.0012-0.0028> (0.006)

0.01-0.065 0.1 5 0.01-0.065 0.1 5


Oil ring
:0.0004--0.0026: (0.006) 0.0004-0.0026: (0.006)
P i s t o n pin hole

20.995-21.008 2 1.035 20.995-21.008 2 1.035


'0.8266-0.8271: (0.8281 0.8266-0.8271 (0.828 1

Pistcm pin outsldn dta.

20.99 1 " 2 1 .OOO 20.960 20.991 -21 .OOO 20.960


:0.8264--0.8268: (0.8251 ) 0.8264-0.8268; (0.825 1 )

Clearance between piston a n d


cylinder a t skirt area.

0.025--@.@64 U.rJ25."-,0.067 0.25


:0.001 G-".0025 :0.0010-0.0026: (0.0098)

0.2-0.4 1.5
(0.0079-0.01 57 io.0091

i
- _.
._.
..
-1- "

0.1 -4.3
I 1.5
, /

'I (0.0591

i
i
- 66 -
Unit : mm (in)

1
STD Limit
CONNECTING ROD
Big endinside dia.
38.000-38.01 6
( 1 -4961 -
1 -4967)

Clearance between big end


andcrankpin
0.030-0.060
0.2 (0.0079)
(0.00 12-0.0024)

Small end insidedia.

21.010-21.023
21.080 (0.8299)
(0.8272-0.8277)

Clearance betweensmall
endandpiston pin

0.01 0-0.032
0.1 2 (0.0047)
(0.0004-0.001 3)

Big end side clearance

0.1 -0.3
1.O (0.0394)
(0.0039-0.01 18)

CRANKSHAFT

37.956-37.970 37.85
(1 -4943- 1.4949) (1.4902)

34.986-34.997
(1.3774- 1.3778)

I Clealance between I 1
journal andmain bearing
- 0.009-0.014
.
..
. ..: .
.
,
(- 0.00035-0.00055)

- 67 -
Unit : mm (in)

T EH30/EH34
I ITEM
STD Limit
CAMSHAFT
0 Cam height 36.1 "36.3
35.95 (1.41 54)
(1.4213-1.4291)

IN.EX.
cams
19.967- 19.980
19.950(0.7854)
(0.7861 -0.7866)

VALVE
* Valve stem outside dia.
IN.
6.535-6.550
6.450(0.2539)
(0.2573-0.2579)

6.522-6.544
EX. 6.450(0.2539)
(0.2568-0.2576)

Clearance between valve stem dia. and


valve guide
0.050-0.087
IN. 0.30 (0.01 1 8)
(0.0022-0.0034)

. .
0.056-0.1 00
EX. 0.30 (0.01 18)
(0.0022-0.0039)
~ - .

IN./EX. 0.085-0.1 15
(cold) (0.0034-0.0045)
Unit : mm (in)

ITEM
r STD
EH30/EH34
Limit
1
TAPPET
0 Stem outside dia.
8.960-8.975
8.93 (0.351 6)
(0.3528-0.3533)

Guide inside dia.

9.00-9.01 5
9.08 (0.3575)
(0.3543-0.3549)

0 Tappet guide clearance

0.025-0.055
0.15 (0.0059)
(0,001 0-0.0022)

ROCKER ARM

1 1.986-1 1.994
1 1.92 (0.4693)
(0.471 9-0.4722)

Rocker armhole dia.

1 2.006- 1 2.024
12.07 (0.4752)
(0.4727-0.4734)

Rocker armshaft clearance

0.01 2-0.038
0.15 (0.0059)
(0.0005-0.001 5)

VALVE SPRING FREE LENGTH

39.5 (1.5551 )

- 69 -
Unit : mm (in)
EH30/EH34
ITEM
STD Limit
VALVE SEAT ANGLE (IN. EX.)
0 Valve cutter angle (a)
0 Valve contact width (b)

a : 90"
b : 0.7-1.0 2.0
(0.028-0.039) (0.079)

12- 2 TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS


~ ~~~

TIGHTENING TORQUE
DESCRIPTION
~~ ~~
kg cm I N m I f t Ib

Cylinder head bolts 340-420 1.2 24.6-30.4 33.3-4

Connecting rod cap bolts 225-275 22.1 -27.0 16.3- 19.9

Flywheel nut 850-950 83.4-93.2 61.5-68.7


~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~ ~~

Main bearing cover bolts 170- 190 16.7-18.6 12.3-13.7

New spark plug 120-150 11.8- 14.7 8.7- 10.9


Spark plug
Retightening 230-270 22.6-126.5 16.6- 19.5

- 70 -
12-3 OIL GRADE CHART

Comparison between oil viscosity and temparature t

Single
Specified grade
Lubricant
aualitv

Multi-
grade

- 20 - 10 0 10 20 30 4oT
-4 14 32 50 68 86 104°F

Use oil classified as SC or higher.


Multi-grade oil tends to increase its consumption at high ambienttemperature.

- 7t -
13. MAINTENANCEAND STORAGE
The following maintenance jobs apply when theengine is operatedcorrectlyundernormal
conditions. Theindicated maintenance intervalsareby no means guarantees for maintenance free
operationsduringtheseintervals.
Forexample, if the engine is operatedinextremelydustyconditions,theaircleanershouldbe
cleaned everydayinstead of every 50 hours.

13- 1 DAILYMAINTENANCE

MAINTENANCE REMARKS

1) Clean away dust and chaff from Governor linkage is especially sensitive to dust.
engine.
2) Check fuel
leakage
from
fuel
system. If any,retightenfasteners
orreplace necessary parts.

3) Inspect for loose hardwares


and Loose bolts andnuts may come off and
result in
retighten if necessary. breakage of otherparts.
4) Check oil level and addtofull
mark.

13-2 INITIAL 20 HRS. MAINTENANCE

MAINTENANCE REMARKS

1) Change crankcase oil. To remove sludgefrom run- in operation.

13-3 EVERY 50 HRS. (10 DAYS) MAINTENANCE

I MAINTENANCE REMARKS

1) Changecrankcase oil. Contaminated oil quickenswear.

2) Clean aircleaner.

3) Check and clean spark plug. If dirty, wash in gasoline or polish w i t h emery paper.

- 72 -
13-4 EVERY 1O Q " 2 8 0 HRS. (MONTHLY) MAINTENANCE

~~~ ~
REMARKS I
1) Clean fuelfilter and fueltank.

2) Inspect cooling system and remove Remove blower housing and clean up between fins and
dirtand chaff. housing.

43-5 EVERY 500-600 HRS. MAINTENANCE

I MAINTENANCE REMARKS I
I head. I power. I
2) Disassemble and clean carburetor

13- 6 EVERY 1000 WRS. (YEARLY) MAINTENANCE

I MAINTENANCE REMARKS

I 1) Overhaul engine. Clean andcorrectparts.


Replace piston ringsand othernecessary parts.

I 2) Replace fuel lines once ayear. I Avoid hazardscausedbyfuel leakage.

(1) Performtheabove 13- 1 and 13- 2 maintenance jobs.


(2) Drain fuelfromthefueltankandcarburetorfloatchamber.
(3) To preventrust in thecylinderbore,apply oil throughthe spark plug hole andturnthe
crankshaftseveralturns by hand.Reinstalltheplug.
(4)Turnthestarting pulley by handand leave i t where theresistanceistheheaviest.
(5) Clean outside of theenginewith oiled cloth.
( 6 ) Put a plastic cover orthe like over the engine andstorethe engine in dry place.

- 73 -
Industrial
Engines

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