15/09/2021

PRODI TEKNIK GEOLOGI

FAKULTAS ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI KEBUMIAN (FITB)
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG (ITB)

GL-4052 GEOLOGI WELL-LOGGING

PENDAHULUAN

1 (Introduction)

Dwiharso Nugroho, Dr.

nuki.dnugroho@geodin.net ; nuki.dnugroho@gmail.com

Well Log Analysis ~ Well Logging ~ Petrophysics

The study of the properties of rocks (reservoir) by
petrophysical techniques using electric, nuclear, and
acoustical sources (logs)
Log curve shapes are determined visually from
the appearance of the recorded data when
plotted versus depth.

Crain, E.R, 2000, The Log Analysis Handbook, Vol. 1

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Petrophysics
o petrophysics is the study of the physical and chemical properties of
rocks/formation/reservoirs and their contained fluids (in sub surface)
o the aim of petrophysicist is to estimate (1) thickness of the reservoir, (2) porosity
of the reservoir, (3) differentiate between oil, gas and water bearing reservoirs.
o the tools available to the petrophysics are:
• Mud logging (solids, liquids, gasses, volumes, rates, concentrations, and
temperature)
• Wireline logging (open- and cased- hole; MWD & LWD)
• Core sampling [(wireline (percussion and drilled) and whole] and core analysis
• Fluid sampling (wireline and/or drill stem tests)

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(Glover, 2000)

Well test

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Well Log Analysis : WIRELINE LOG ANALYSIS

The study of the properties of rocks by petrophysical techniques using
electric, nuclear, and acoustical sources (logs)

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Reservoir (2) Porosity

Properties
(1) Thickness

(3) Water Saturation

• Gross Sand (GS) thickness→ tebal stratigrafis

antara dua top reservoir
• Net Sand (NS) thickness → GS dng cut off Vshale
• Net Effective Sand (NES) thickness → NS dng cut
off Porosity
• Net Pay (NP) thickness → NES dng cut off Sw

GL- 4052 GEOLOGI WELL-LOGGING

…THICKNESS (overview)

• Gross Sand (GS)

thickness→ tebal
stratigrafis antara
dua top reservoir
• Net Sand (NS)
thickness → GS dng
TAF-6 cut off Vshale
NP • Net Effective Sand
NES (NES) thickness → NS
GS NS
dng cut off Porosity
TAF-5 • Net Pay (NP) thickness
→ NES dng cut off Sw

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RESERVOIR PROPERTIES :
(1) RESERVOIR THICKNESS
(applying Vsh (volume of shale) cut off to get : Net Reservoir Thickness)

more detailed shaly

sand condition/cases

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RESERVOIR PROPERTIES :
(1) RESERVOIR THICKNESS
(applying Vsh (volume of shale) cut off to get : Net
Reservoir Thickness
Basic of Sandstone classification

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RESERVOIR PROPERTIES :
(1) RESERVOIR THICKNESS
(applying Vsh (volume of shale) cut off to get : Net Reservoir Thickness
VSH CALCULATION(SINGLE CLAY INDICATOR)

Volume shale dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan

beberapa alternatif log sebagai berikut :
a. Log Gamma Ray (GR)
IGR= (GR – GRmin)/(GRmax – GRmin)

GR = bacaan log GR pada zona interest

GR min = bacaan log GR pada zona 100% bersih lempung
GR max = bacaan log GR pada zona 100% lempung

b. Log Spontaneous Potential (SP)

Vsh = (SSP – PSP) / SSP = 1 – (PSP/SSP)

SP = bacaan log SP pada zona interest

SSP = static spontaneous potential of a thick clean sand or carbonate
= the deflection from the shale/base line to the clean line
PSP = pseudo static spontaneous potential (SP of shaly formation)
= the deflection from the shale/base line to the curve reading

GL- 4052 GEOLOGI WELL-LOGGING

RESERVOIR PROPERTIES :
(2) POROSITY
WELL LOG ANALYSIS : WIRELINE LOG ANALYSIS
POROSITY (CLEAN SAND ANALYSIS)

a. Log Density
The formation density log is a porosity log that measures
electron density of a formation.
Alat mengirimkan gamma ray ke formasi/batuan dan
menyebabkan compton scattering yang mereduksi energy
karena berinteraksi dengan electron dari atom pada batuan.
Sisa energi yg ditangkap kembali oleh alat sebanding dengan
densitas electron formasi/batuan.
ρ rock (ρb) = (1- Ф) ρ matriks + Ф ρ fluid
Ф = (ρma - ρb) / (ρma- ρf)
ρma = nilai densitas matriks
ρb = bacaan log density (bulk density) pada zona interest
ρf = nilai densitas fluida
c. Log sonic
b. Log Neutron
Ф = (∆t–∆t ma) / (∆tf –∆t ma)
Bacaan log neutron merupakan nilai hasil perhitungan
konsentrasi ion hidrogen pada suatu formasi. ∆t = bacaan log sonic pada zona interest
Konsentrasi ion hidrogen pada suatu formasi sebanding ∆t ma = nilai ∆t matriks
dengan jumlah fluida yang mengisi pori batuan. ∆t f = nilai ∆t fluida
Karenanya, bacaan log neutron dapat digunakan secara
langsung untuk menentukan porositas suatu formasi / The Sonic Log is a porosity log that measures interval
batuan / reservoir. transit time (∆t, delta t, or DT) of a compressional sound
wave traveling through the formation along the axis of
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RESERVOIR PROPERTIES :
(3) HC AND WATER SATURATION
WELL LOG ANALYSIS : WIRELINE LOG ANALYSIS
SW (CLEAN SAND ANALYSIS)
• Water saturation (Sw) express how much
pore space is occupied by water, hence it
determine the amount of hydrocarbon within
a pore
• Water saturation depends on permeability
and capillary pressure
• Water saturation can be calculated from
resistivity data, since hydrocarbon is more
resistive than formation water
Sw n = F . (Rw / Rt)

GL- 4052 GEOLOGI WELL-LOGGING

PRODI TEKNIK GEOLOGI

FAKULTAS ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI KEBUMIAN (FITB)
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG (ITB)

GL-4052 GEOLOGI WELL-LOGGING

LOGGING LUMPUR

2 (Mud Logging)

Dwiharso Nugroho
nuki.dnugroho@geodin.net ; nuki.dnugroho@gmail.com

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MUDLOGGING SENSORS

Diambil dari Materi Kursus WSG oleh Tonny Widianto @ 11 February 2017)
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MUDLOGGING DATA
Real Time Data
• ROP (Rate of Penetration -→ m/hr, ft/hr, min/m)
• WOB (Weight on Bit -→ ton, klbs)
• WOH (Weight on Hook -→ ton, klbs)
• RPM (Rotation Per Minutes)
• FLOW RATE (Flow of Mud to be pump -→ litre/min,
Gal/min)
• TORQUE (lbs/ft, amps)
• SPP (Stand Pipe Pressure during Circulation -→ psi, bar)
• RETURN (Mud Volume to be return on a mud pit/tank -→
m3, ltr)

Lag Time/Delayed Data

• Gas Data (%, ppm)
• Cutting (Lithology)
Diambil dari Materi Kursus WSG oleh Tonny Widianto @ 11 February 2017)
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DATUM & WELL TYPE

RTE
GL RTE
MSL
(0-20 m)
Water
(20-100 m)
depth

Riser
TVD (100-3000 m)
TMD
TVD-SS Horizontal

TD
Vertical S shape
J shape
Multi Lateral
Diambil dari Materi Kursus WSG oleh Tonny Widianto @ 11 February 2017)
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WELL PROJECTION
• Trajectory
• Inclination/Angle
• Azimuth
• Departure

Diambil dari Materi Kursus WSG oleh Tonny Widianto @ 11 February 2017)
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CUTTINGS

Diambil dari Materi Kursus WSG oleh Tonny Widianto @ 11 February 2017)
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CUTTINGS PREPARATION

Diambil dari Materi Kursus WSG oleh Tonny Widianto @ 11 February 2017)
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Mud Logging – Mudlogger

• A mudlogger is a professional geologist responsible for operating a computerized logging unit at both
onshore and offshore drilling sites.
• Mudloggers are responsible for :
• evaluating the lithology of all strata penetrated by drilling and reporting any hydrocarbon discoveries by
analyzing rock cutting samples from drilling mud,
• evaluating gas chromatography data used to screen for hydrocarbon in the cuttings,
• sometimes analyzing wireline logs,
• monitor aspects of rig operations and downhole conditions on a wellsite, and report suspected unsafe
conditions to other rig personnel.
• Mudloggers provide time-sensitive geological and drilling data to clients in the form of daily reports and
logs, often transmitted live via satellite.
• write longer summary reports upon well completion

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