GEOFISIKA EKSPLORASI MINERAL

GRAVITY

Prihadi Sumintadireja 24 Oktober 2019

 PERENCANAAN SURVEY
1. Peta Topografi
2. Peta Geologi
3. Desain Titik Survei
4. Persiapan Peralatan Survei Gravity
5. Operasi Lapangan

PELAKSANAAN
 DESCRIPTION OF THE SURVEY

• Identifikasi kemungkinan masalah operasional di

lapangan
• Waktu pelaksanaan
 RESOURCES

• Crew
• 4 Team GPS geodetic Static
• 4 Team GPS RTK
• 4 Team Gravity
• Instruments
• 4 Unit GPS Trimble 4000SSi
• 1 Unit Base RTK Topcon Hyperlite Ga
• 3 Unit Rover RTK Topcon Hyperlite Ga
• 4 Unit LaCoste-Romberg Gravimeter
 RESOURCES
• Communication (if phone signal no receivable)
• 3 unit SSB radios ( 2 unit at field,
1 unit at head office)
• 6 unit Handy talky
• Data Processing
• 4 unit Laptop
• 1 Scanner
• 1 printer
• Camp Facilities
• Internet acces
GEODETIC GPS RECEIVER
(Static, Trimble 4000SSi)
 GEODETIC GPS SPECIFICATION
Specification
Dimensions (inches)
9.8 x 11 x 4
(W x D x H)
Weight receiver (lbs) 6.8
Weight antenna (lbs) 5.8
Operating Voltage Receiver 10.5-35 VDC
Operating Voltage Antenna 9 VDC
Operating Temperature  -20 C to +55 C
Humidity 100%
Antenna connector (at antenna end) N-type
Antenna connector (at receiver end) Lemo
Data Channel L1/L2
Data Logging Code and Phase
Memory 726 Kb – 100 Mb
Antenna Ground Plane
GPS RTK RECEIVER
(Topcon Hyperlite Ga)
RTK GPS SPECIFICATION
 STATIC GPS METHOD

= Reference Point for RTK = Primary Static Mesurement Baseline (2x24 jam)

= Static Reference = Secondary Static Mesurement Baseline(1-2 jam)

RTK MEASUREMENT CONCEPT

5 km

5 km

RTK Reference Point

Gravitymeter Type G

Specifications
Analog Reading
Accuracy Resolution: < 0.01 mGal
Weight: approx 8 kg, with Case
Portable

Standard Accessories
Two Gel Type Storage 12 V Batteries
Battery Charger
Aluminium Case
Aluminium Baseplate
Spare Fuses
Level Adjusting Tool, and
Power Extension Cable
Gravitymeter Type G

CALIBRATION
KALIBRASI GRAVITY

Instrument: G-980

Date 9/4/2012
No.Sta Time Reading Reading InTide
MgalCorr. Drift Corr Corr'd Drift
Hours Minutes Reading (mGal) (mGal)
DG.0 826 506 1262.000 1292.464 -0.025 0.000 1292.439 0
LIPI 906 546 1251.330 1281.537 -0.039 0.005 1281.498 10.941
DG0 926 566 1262.010 1292.474 -0.043 0.007 1292.432 10.934
10.937

CCF : 0.997854394
 DATA ACQUISITION PLAN
Calibration

Calibration of the gravimeter is carried out several

times: before and after a trip and every 1 months.

Base Station

The gravity base station in every location is established

by tying the base station to the nearest standard base
station to the location.
 GRAVITY INTERPRETATION

• Phase I – Review gravity source data and data reduction

• Phase II – Gravity profiles
PHASE I – REVIEW GRAVITY SOURCE
DATA AND DATA REDUCTION

• Review gravity source data will be needed to be

available in an “x y z” (using one unique UTM coordinate
system) ASCII or ASCII GRID format.
PHASE II – GRAVITY PROFILES

• Gravity profile will be produced for each line using its

reduced data to present the trend of gravity values along
the line. The used density values in the profiles are
determined from seismic and well data

Sample profile gravity modeling using GMSsys software and controlled by seismic
and well data
 Coordinate X, Y, Z
Gravity Response

Geological Setting Gravity Map

•Well Data •Spectral Analysis
•Density test •Regional and
•Seismic Data residual Anomaly

Coordinate X, Y, Z,
of Subsurface
Body Model
GRAVITY FORWARD Calculating Gravity

MODELING FLOW Response Model

CHART Match to
Field
Response

Result
 GRAVITY EXISTING DATA

Only 35 gravity points available

within Lirik II block
 PREDICTION OF PROBLEM
IN THE FIELD
Rainy Season
Example based on LAPI ITB experiences on previous study
Planning Actually

N
 PREDICTION OF PROBLEM
IN THE FIELD

Distribution of point
Planning Implementation

N
 Equipments

GPS Trimble (3 instruments)

GPS Leica (3 instruments) Gravimeter: LaCoste&Romberg G-type (3 instruments), Scintrex Autograv (1 instrument)
 Field Case Study Plan and Operational Time Frame

• Field survey operation took 53 days including mob-demob,

wich is behind the schedule due to weather condition (rainy
season), mainly poor acces road, and plantation concession
permit
Survey Plan
Gravity Measurement Point Realisation

PLAN ACTUAL
Production Chart
GRAVITY MODELLING
 Gravity Model

9A Observed
9B
Calculated
Rms Error

NW SE
Geology Model
 depth section (m)
Basement geometry 3D Visualization
 PEMODELAN GRAVITY SKALA
REGIONAL DI AREA FORE ARC BASIN
TECTONICS
METODOLOGI ANALISIS STRUKTUR
METODOLOGI ANALISIS STRUKTUR

Prawirodirdjo and Bock, 2004

Gravity Modeling View on Seismic
Section
red box = seismic section
Indonesian Regional Gravity Map
Scale of 1:2.000.000
Source: GRDC (I. Budiman, et. al., 2000)
bouguer correction, avg. density = 2.67

Complete Bouguer Anomaly (mGal)

 Regional Terain Model
Data grid: 1’ Arc
Source: General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) http://www.gebco.net/
 Ideal Tectonic Component of Sunda Arc
Ideal Tectonic Component
(Hamilton, 1979)of Sunda Arc
(Hamilton, 1979)
Back Arc Island Arc Fore Arc Trench
Basins Basins
Accretionary
Wedge
N S
0

10

Schematic Profile Across The Sunda Arc Of Java

Km 20
0 200 400 600 km
 GRAVITY MODELLING LINES
B1-1

B1-2
B2-1

B3-2

B3-1
B4-2

B4-1 B6-2
B5-1
B6-1 B7-1
B7-2
 2D GRAVITY MODEL
Basin3 - Line1
Basin3-1 Line: B3-1 (UTM Zone 47S)
(X: 476588.5, Y: 9988639 ) -
(X: 772164.5, Y: 9585674 )

Observed
Calculated
Error GRDC data
SW NE
 2D GEOLOGICAL MODELLING

CONTINENT CRUST
SEA WATER
OCEANIC CRUST
FOREARC
ACCRETIONARY PRISM
GRDC data

SW NE

UPPER MANTLE
 2D GRAVITY MODEL
Basin6 - Line1
Line: B6-1 (UTM Zone 49S)
(X: 430503.33, Y: 8819757.82) -
(X: 448320.14, Y: 9032149.21)

Basin6-1 Observed
Calculated
Error GRDC data
S N
 2D GEOLOGICAL MODELLING
N

CONTINENT CRUST
SEA WATER OCEANIC CRUST
FOREARC ACCRETIONARY PRISM

GRDC data

S N

S N
UPPER MANTLE
 REFERENCES
Barber, A.J., Crow, M.J., De Smet, M.E.M., 2005. Tectonic evolution. In: Barber, A.J., Crow, M.J., Milsom, J.S. (Eds.), Sumatra:
Geology, Resources and Tectonic Evolution: Geol.Soc. Mem., 31, pp. 234–25
Budiman, I., Nasution, J., Sobari, Simamora, W.H., 2000, Gravity anomaly map of western part of Indonesia, Bandung , Indonesia
Geological Research and Development Center.
Hamilton, W., 1979, Tectonics of the Indonesian Region, Geological Survey Profesional Paper 1078, 345 p.
Larter, R.D., Vanneste, L.E., Morris, P., Smythe, D.K., 2003, Structure and tectonic evolution of the South Sandwich arc, Geological
Society, Special Publication 219, p.273-274
Matson, R. and Moore, G.F., 1992. Structural controls on fore-arc basin subsidence in the central Sumatera fore-arc basin.
Geology and Geophysics of Continental Margins. American Association of Petroleum Geologist Memoir, 53 pp.
Moore, G.F., Curray, J.R. and Moore, D.G., 1980. Variations in geological structure along the Sunda fore arc, northeastern Indian
Ocean. In, Hayes, D. (ed.), “The tectonic and geological evolution of southeastern Asian seas and islands”, p. 145-160.
Reynolds, J.M., 1997, An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics, John Wiley and Son
Prawirodirdjo, L. and Bock, Y. (2004). Instantaneous global plate motion model from 12 years of continuous GPS observations.
Journal of Geophysical Research 109(B8): doi: 10.1029/2003JB002944. issn: 0148-0227.
Simandjuntak, T.O. and Barber, A.J., 1996. Contrasting Tectonic Styles in the Neogene Orogenic Belts of Indonesia. Geological
Society of London Special Publication 106, pp. 185-201.
http://geoseismic-seasia.blogspot.com/2008/11/nw-north-sumatra.html
http://geoseismic-seasia.blogspot.com/2009/01/sw-west-java-basin.html