DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 2. PARTICULAR SOLUTION (P.

S)—is a solution
obtained from the general solution by assigning
particular values to the arbitrary constants.
Differential Equations- is an equation containing
derivatives or differentials. 3. SINGULAR SOLUTION (S.S)—is a solution of a
differential equation not containing any arbitrary
TYPES OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS constant that cannot be obtained from general
1. Ordinary Differential Equations—involving one solution.
independent variable and containing only ordinary Ex. y = x2
derivatives or non-partial derivatives. Problem 4. When a differential equation of nth order
dy d2y can be shown to have solution involving “n”
Ex. = cos x and 2
+ k2y = 0 distinct arbitrary constant is called…….
dx dx a. particular solution b. general solution
2. Partial Differential Equations—involving partial
c. singular solution d. none of these
derivatives and having two or more independent variables.
 2V  2V I. DERIVATION OF DIFFERENTIAL
Ex. + =0
x 2 y 2 EQUATION/ ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY
CONSTANTS.
Problem 1. A type of differential equation involving only The number of arbitrary constants denotes
one independent variable and containing the number of differential order on the differential
only ordinary derivatives or non-partial derivatives is equation.
called………
a. ordinary b. partial c. exact d. polynomial Problem 5. Find the differential equation whose
general solution is y = A sin 5 x + B cos 5 x,
CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS Where A and B are arbitrary constants.
• Order of Differential Equations—is the order of the
highest derivative that occurs in it. a.. y"−5 y = 0 b. y"+25 y = 0
• Degree of a differential Equations—is the degree c. y '−25 y = 0 d . y"+5 y = 0
(or power) to which the highest ordered derivative
is raised.
II.FAMILIES OF CURVES
• Linearity for an Ordinary Differential Equations—a
An equation involving a parameter, as well
differential equation is linear if it is in the form;
as one or both of the coordinates of points in a plane,
dny d n −1 y dy may be represented by a family of curves, one curve
a n ( x){ n
} + a n −1 ( x ){ n −1
} + .........+ a1 ( x){ } corresponding .
dx dx dx
+ a 0 ( x) y = g ( x) Problem 6. Obtain the family of curves of parabola
3
d y 2 d y dy2 with vertex and focus on the x-axis.
Example: x 2{ } +{ 2 }− = 3x + 2
dx3 dx dx a.. y ( y ' ) + y" = 0 b. y ( y" ) + y ' = 0
Characteristics: order:3rd ; degree: 2nd ; linearity:
nonlinear with unknown function y and independent c. y ( y" ) + ( y ' ) 2 = 0 d . y ( y" ) 2 + y ' = 0
variable x. Problem 7. Find the differential equation of the family
Problem 2. The respective order and degree of the given of circles of fixed radius r with centers on
differential equation the x-axis.
d4y dy
5 x 4 + 3x 2 { }3 − (sin x) y 6 = 0
dx dx a.. y 2 ( y ' ) 2 + y 2 = r 2 b. y"+2 y ' = r 2
are……… c. y" y + y ' = r d . 2 y"+5 y ' = r
a. third and second b. first and third
c. third and first d. fourth and first
III.SOLUTION OF 1ST ORDER, 1ST DEGREE
Problem 3. From the given differential equation
2 4 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS:
 d 3z   d 2z  GENERAL FORM: M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0
 3  − 5 z 2  = et + 1, the respective I. Variable separable DE
 dt   dt  The general form reduces to:
known function and independent variable are…………. f ( x)dx + g ( y )dy = 0 , then integrate.
a. z and t b. t and z c. both t and z
Problem 8. Solve the general solution of the
d. none of these
differential equation (1 + x 2 )dy − (1 + y 2 )dx = 0.
SOLUTION OF A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS:
1. GENERAL SOLUTION (G.S.)—is the set of all a.. y − x = c(1 + xy) b. xy + x + y = c
possible solutions, which includes the particular
and singular solution. It contains number of c. y ( x + 1) 2 − x + c = 0 d . xy − x − y − 1 = c
arbitrary constants equal to the order of the
equations.
 Homogeneous DE
An equation f ( x, y ) = 0, is called a homogeneous IV. Linear DE
equation of the nth degree if: dy
The standard form: + P( x) y = Q( x)
f (kx, ky) = k f ( x, y) where M ( x, y) = f (kx, ky) = k f ( x, y)
n n
dx
To make it exact introduce “Integrating factor
N ( x. y) = g (kx, ky) = k g ( x, y) (IF)” where IF = e 
n P ( x ) dx
Also:
n—degree of homogeneous equation The complete solution is:

ye =  Q ( x )e 
Use substitution: P ( x ) dx P ( x ) dx
if M(x,y) is simpler use x=vy; dx = vdy + ydv dx + C
If N(x,y) is simpler use y=vx; dy = vdx + xdv
Problem 13. Find the general solution of the differential
Problem 9. Determine whether the equation
equation x 2dy − sin 2 xdx + 3xydx = 0 .
x y' = x + y is homogeneous and what is its
3 2

homogeheity?
a. homogeneous, 2nd dgree b. non-homogeneous a.. x 3 y + x cos 2 x − sin 4 x = c
c. homogeneous 3rd degree d. homogeneous, 1st degree b. 4 x 3 y + 2 x cos 2 x − sin 2 x = c
Problem 10. Find the particular solution of the differential
equation c.. 2 x 3 y + x 2 cos 2 x − sin 2 x = c
 y y
d . x 3 y + xy 2 cos 2 x − 4 sin 4 x = c
 x + y sin dx − x sin dy = 0
 x x
when y =0 and x = 1.
V. Bernoulli’s DE
x x The standard form is:
c. ln y + sin = y + 1 d . ln y + sin = 1 dy
y y + P( x) y = Q( x) y n where n  0,1
y y dx
a.. ln x + cos = 1 − x b. ln x + cos − 1 = 0 Then reduce to linear Differential
x x Equation making n=0.

III. Exact DE Problem 14. Solve for p = f (x) from the

M  N  differential equation
dp p
− = 2 p2.
Test for exactness: 
y  x =c x  y =c
=
dx x
c x
 F   F  a.. p = b. p =
Condition for exactness:  dx +  dy = 0 x −c2
c − x2
 x   y  x2 x
c. p = d. p =
c−x x−c
 F   F 
  = M ( x, y ) and also   = N ( x, y )
 x   y 
VI. APPLICATIONS
Then the complete solution is: F(x,y)=C
a. Law of growth and Decay
-States that the rate at which a certain quantity
Problem 11. Solve the general solution of the differential
increases or decreases is proportional to the
equation
amount present at any time, t.

( y 2 − 2 xy + 6 x)dx − ( x 2 − 2 xy + 2)dy = 0 . Problem 15. After two days, 10 grams of radioactive

chemical is present. Three days later, 5 grams is
a. y 2 x + 2 x 2 y − 3x 2 − y = c present. How much of the chemical was present initially?
Assuming the rate of disintegration is proportional to the
b. y 2 x − x 2 y + 3x 2 − 2 y = c amount present at anytime.
a. 20 grams b. 19grams
c. 2 y 2 x + x 2 y − 3x 2 + 2 y = c c. 16grams d. 14grams
d. 3y 2 x − 2x 2 y + x 2 − 3y = c b. Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Problem 12. The differential equation --states that “ the unbalanced force acting on a
ydx − ( x − 1)dy = 0 is a non-exact differential body that causes motion is equal to the product
equation. What is the integrating factor needed that will of the mass of the body and its acceleration”.
reduce it to an exact differential equation?
Problem 16. A motor boat and its load weighs 483lbs.
1 1 1 Assuming that the propeller force is constant and equal to 24
a. b. − c. 1/xy d. − lbs and water resistance is numerically equal to 1.5V lbs,
y2 x x + y2
2
 where V is the velocity at any instant in ft/s and if the boat
starts from rest. Determine the speed of the a.. x + y + ln(1 − 2 y ) + K = 0
boat after 10 sec.
a. 11.1fps b. 12.1 fps c. 10.11 fps d. 13.11 fps b. x − y + ln(1 + 2 y ) + K = 0
c. x − y + ln( y − 2 x) + K = 0
Problem 17. The approximate radius of the earth is 6,370 d . x + 2 y − ln(1 + y ) + K = 0
km, and g, the acceleration due to gravity,
is 9.81 m/s2. Find the escape velocity of an object projected VII. SOLUTION OF SECOND ORDER
from the earth’s surface, that is, the minimum velocity DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
imparted to it so it will never return. A. Homogeneous DE with constant coefficient
a. 10,180m/s b. 9,810m/s Standard Form:
c. 11,180m/s d. 12,180m/s
 d 2 y   dy 
a  2  + b  + cy = 0, where a, b, c,
 dx   dx 
c. Newton’s Law of Cooling are arbitrary constants a ≠ 0
--states that the rate at which a body cools
d
(heats up) is proportional to the difference in Let D = = differential operator;
temperature between it and its surrounding dx
atmosphere. the equation becomes:
{aD2 + bD + c} y = 0 .
Problem 18. A metal bar at a temperature of 100 F is
placed in a room at a constant temperature of 0 F. If after 20 Applying auxiliary equation:
minutes the temperature of the bar is 50 F. Find the time will am2 + bm + c = 0,
it take for the bar to reach a temperature then apply quadratic formula:
of 25 F? − b  b 2 − 4ac
a. 26.7min b. 36.9 mins m=
c. 39.6mins d. 64.9 mins. 2a
then 3 cases are involved for the possible
d. Mixture Problems roots:
---states that the rate of change of the pure Case I: When the roots of auxiliary equation,
substance in a tank is equal to the difference of m1 and m2 are real and distinct, the general
the rate at which the pure substance flows to solution is:
the tank and the rate at which the pure y = C1e m1t + C2 e m2 t
substance flows out of the tank.
Case II: When the roots of auxiliary equation,
m1 and m2 are real and equal, the general
Problem 19. A cylindrical tank containing 40 gallons of
solution is:
salt solution containing 2 lbs of salt per gallon. A
salt solution of concentration 3lbs/gal flows into the tank at y = C1 + C2temt
4 gal/min. How much salt is in the tank after 10 mins if the Case III: When the roots of auxiliary equation,
well stirred mixture flows out at 4 gal/min? m1 and m2 are imaginary (complex
a. 110lbs b. 115lbs c. 105 lbs d. 100lbs conjugate), in the form; m =   i where
 = 2 f and f = frequency of oscillation;
e. Geometric Application (Trajectory)
Then the general solution is:
-- any curve which cuts every member of a
given family of curves at a constant angle θ, is
called a θ trajectory of the family of curves. When y = e t C1 cos t + C2 sin  t
 = 900 , the family is called “ Orthogonal
Trajectory”. Problem 22. Obtain the general solution of the
homogeneous differential equation:
Problem 20. Find the orthogonal trajectory at P(1,1) to a curve ( D3 + 2D2 − 11D − 12) y = 0.
of y=C x2.
a.. y = C1e x + C 2 e 6 x + C3 e −4 x
a.. x 2 − 2 y 2 = 3 b. x 2 + 2 y 2 = 3
b. y = C1e 3 x + C 2 e − x + C3 e −4 x
c. 2 x 2 − y 2 = 3 d. x 2 + y 2 = 3
c.. y = (C1 + C 2 x + C3 x 2 )e − x
Problem 21. Find the isogonal trajectories with  = 450 for d . y = e − x (C1 cos 2 x + C 2 sin 2 x) + C3 e −4 x
−2 x
the family of curves y = Ce .
Problem 23. Obtain the general solution of the 3. Determine the arbitrary constants in Y so
homogeneous differential equation: that the equation resulting from the
y"+4 y '+4 y = 0. substitution is identically satisfied.

The class of functions f(x) possessing only a finite number

a.. y = e − x (C1 cos 2 x + C 2 sin 2 x) of linearly independent derivatives are as follows:
b. y = (C1 + C 2 x)e − 2 x Form of solution Normal choice for the trial
particular integral
1
− x c A
c.. y = (C1 + C 2 x)e 2
CXn A0Xn+A1Xn-1+……….+An-1X
d . y = C1e x + C 2 e − 2 x +An
ceax Aeax
Problem 24. Obtain the general solution of the Ccos ax or Csin ax Asin ax + B cos ax
homogeneous differential equation: Cx2eax cos bx or (A0x2+A1x+A2)eaxcos bx +
( D2 − 2D + 10) y = 0. 2 ax
cx e sin bx (B0x2+B1x+B2)eaxsin bx
a.. y = C1e− x + C2e−3 x b. y = (C1 + C2 x)e−3 x
26. Find the complete solution of
c. y = (C1 + C2 x)e− x d . y = e x (C1 cos3x + C2 sin 3x) y”+ 3y’ + 2y = 10e3x + 4x2
a. y = C1e-2x + C2e-x + 0.5e3x + 2x2 – 6x + 7
B. Non-homogeneous DE b. y = C1e3x + C2ex + 0.5e-3x + 2x3 – 6x +9
a. Variation of parameter c. y = C1e-3x + C2e-x + 0.5e3x + 2x2 – 6x + 7
Consider the DE in the form d. y = C1e-2x + C2e-3x + 0.5e3x + 2x2 – 6x + 7
𝑎0 (𝑥 )𝑦" + 𝑎1 (𝑥)𝑦′ + 𝑎2 (𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
The solution to the given DE will be in the 27. Find the complete solution of y” + 5y’ + 6y = e-3x
form y = yc + yp. a. y = C1e-2x+ C2e-3x – xe-3x
The complementary solution will be in the b. y = C1e-2x+ C2e-3x – xe-3x
form 𝑦𝑐 = 𝑐1 𝑦1 + 𝑐2 𝑦2 c. y = C1e-2x+ C2e-3x – xe-3x
The particular solution of the DE can be found d. y = C1e-2x+ C2e-3x – xe-3x
by varying the parameters in the
complementary function in the form
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑢1 𝑦1 + 𝑢2 𝑦2 where u1 and u2 are
function of x. For y to be solution of the DE it Problem Set in DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
must be true that Direction: Answer the following questions and problems.
𝑢′1 𝑦1 + 𝑢′2 𝑦2 = 0 equation 1 1. A certain population of bacteria is known to grow
Thus y’= u1y’1 + u2y’2 and at a rate proportional to the amount present in a
y”= (u1y”1 + u’1y’1) + (u2y”2 + u’2 y’2 ) culture that provides plentiful food and space.
and substitute y, y’ and y” to the original DE Initially there are 250 bacteria, and after seven
yields the following: hours 800 bacteria are observed in the culture.
𝑓(𝑥) Determine the approximate number of bacteria that
𝑢′1 𝑦′1 + 𝑢′2 𝑦′2 = 𝑎 (𝑥) equation 2
0 will be present in the culture after 24 hours.
Solving for u’1 and u’2 gives the following a. 13,485 b. 12,543
𝑦2 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑢′1 = − c. 16,345 d. 9,876
𝑦1 𝑦′2 − 𝑦2 𝑦′1 𝑎0 (𝑥) 2. A certain culture of bacteria grows at a rate that is
proportional to the number present. If it is found
𝑦1 𝑓(𝑥) that the number doubles in 4hours, how many may
𝑢′2 =
𝑦1 𝑦′2 − 𝑦2 𝑦′1 𝑎0 (𝑥) be expected at the end of 12 hours?
Finally solve for u1 and u2 and substitute to the a. 8 times the original b. 10 times the original
original yp. Thus the complete solution was c. 14 times the original
found. 3. The population of a certain country is known to
25. Find a complete solution of the y”+ y = sec x. increased at a rate proportional to the number of
a. y = C1sinx + C2cos x + (ln|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥|)cos x + xsinx people presently living in the country. If after 2
b. y = C1xsinx + C2xcosx + lncosx + sin x years the population has doubled, and after 3 years
c. y = C1xsinx – C2cosx + ln cos x + xsin x the population is 20,000, find the number of people
d. y = C1sinx + C2cosx + xlncos x + xsinx initially living in the country.
a. 7062 b. 5643 c. 3452 d. 9876
b. Method of undetermined coefficients 4. If the population of a country doubles in 50 years,
in how many years will it treble under the
The three –step procedure will be as follows: assumption that the rate of increase is proportional
1. Assume Y to be an arbitrary linear to the number of inhabitants?
combination of all the linearly independent a. 79.25 b. 56.32
functions which arise from f(x) by repeated c. 98.45 d. 34.54
differentiation.. 5. A certain radioactive material is known to decay at
2. Substitute Y into the given differential a rate proportional to the amount present. If
equation. initially there is 100mg of the material present and
if after 2 years it is observed that 5 percent of the
 original mass has decayed. Determine the time
necessary for 10% of the original mass to decay.
a. 4.12years b. 7.23years
c. 2.54 years d. 2.54 years
6. Radium decomposes at a rate proportional to the
amount present. If half the original amount
disappears in 1600 years, find the percentage lost in
100 years.
a. 4.2% b. 8.2%
c. 9.12% d. 2.34%
7. Find the half life of a radioactive substance if three
quarters of it is present after 8 h.
a. 19.3h b. 29.7h c. 12.5h d. 34.5h
8. After 2 days, 10 g of a radioactive chemical is
present. Three days later. 5 g is present. How much
of the chemical was present initially, assuming the
rate of disintegration is proportional to the amount
present?
a. 15.87g b. 12.34g
c. 29.8g d. 45.3g
9. A deposit places $10,000 in a certificate of deposit
account which pays 7% interest per annum,
compounded continuously. How much in the
account after 2 years?
a. $11,502 b.$9,876
c. $21,454 d. $6,786
10. A woman places $2000 in an account for her child
upon his birth. Assuming no additional deposits or
withdrawals, how much will the child have at his
eighteenth birthday if the bank pays 5% interest per
annum, compounded continuously.
a. 4919 b. 5432 c. 3452 d. 8976
11. How long will it take a bank deposit to double if
interest is compounded continuously at a rate at a
constant rate of 8% per annum?
a. 8.66 years b. 5.89 years
c. 5.87 years d. 18.9 years
12. A metal bar at a temperature of 100 F is placed in
room at a constant temperature of 0 F. If after 20
min the temperature of the bar is 50 F, find the time
it will take for the bar to reach a temperature of 25
F.
a. 40min b. 23.65min
c. 23.45min d. 12.34min
13. According to Newton’s Law of Cooling, the rate
at which a substance cools in air is proportional
to the difference between the temperature of the
substance and that of the air. If the temperature
of the air is 300 and the substance cools from
1000 to 700 in 15 min, find the time when the
temperature will be 400.
a. 52min b. 34min
c. 67min d. 98min
14. A body at a temperature of 0F is placed in a
room whose temperature is kept at 100F. If after
10 min the temperature of the body is 25F, find
the time needed for the body to reach a
temperature of 50F.
a. 24.1 min b. 34.5 min
c. 56.7min d. 12.3min
15. A tank initially holds 100g of a brine solution
containing 20 lb of salt. At t=0, fresh water is
poured into the tank at the rate of 5gal/min, while
the well stirred mixture leaves the tank at the same
rate. Find the amount of salt in the tank after 20
min.
a. 7.36lb b. 4.76lb c. 2.98lb d. 9.87lb
16. A 50 gal tank initially contains 10 gal of fresh
water. At t=0, a brine solution containing 1 lb of
salt per gallon is poured into the tank at the rate of
4 gal/min, while the well stirred mixture leaves the
tank at the rate of 2 gal/min. find the time required
for overflow to occur.
a. 20min b. 80min
c. 50min d. 76min
17. Refer to problem 16, find the amount of salt in
the tank at the moment of overflow.
a. 48lb b. 67lb c. 34lb d. 12lb
18. A 100 gal tank is filled with brine containing 60lb
of dissolved salt. Water runs into the tank at the
rate of 2gal/min and the mixture, kept uniform by
stirring, runs out at the same rate. How much salt is
in the tank after 1h?
a. 18lb b. 25lb c. 87lb d. 37lb
19. A steam pipe 20cm in diameter is protected with a
covering 6cm thick for which k=0.0003cal/cm-s-C.
Find the heat loss per hour through a meter length
of the pipe if the surface of the pipe is at 200C and
the outer surface of the covering is at 30C.
a. 245,443cal b. 345000cal
c. 654000cal d. 765000cal
20. A ship weighing 48,000tons starts from rest under
the force of a constant propeller thrust of 200,000
lb. Given that the water resistance in pounds is
10,000v, with v the velocity measured in ft/s. find
the terminal velocity in miles per hour.
a. 13.6 b. 34.6 c. 98.7 d. 24.7
21. A body of mass of m slugs falls from rest in a
medium for which the resistance(in pounds) is
proportional to the square of the velocity (in feet
per second). If the terminal velocity is 150 ft/s, find
the velocity at the end of 2s and the time required
for the velocity to become 100ft/s.
a. 61ft/s, 3.7s b. 35ft/s, 4.3s
c. 67ft/s, 5.4s d. 35ft/s, 7.9s
22. A boat is being towed at the rate of 12mi/h. At the
instant (t=0) that the towing line is cast off, a man
in the boat begins to row in the direction of motion,
exerting a force of 20lb. If the combined weight of
the man and boat is 480 lb and the resistance (in
pounds) is equal to 1.75v, where v is measured in
ft/s, find the speed of the boat after ½ min.
a. 11.6ft/s b. 45.32ft/s
c. 6.76ft/s d. 8.98ft/s
23. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of
curves x2 + y2 = c2.
a. y = kx b. y = cx
2
c. y = kx + 5 d. y = kx + 4 x = 3
2
24. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of
curves y = cx 2 .
x2
a. + y 2 = c b. x 2 − 4 y 2 = c
2
c. 2 x + 3 y = c d. 4 x + 6 y = c
2 2 2 2
25. Determine the differential equation of straight
line passing through the origin.
a. xdy-ydx b. xdx-ydy
c. xdy+ydx d. xdx+ydy
26. The equation y 2 = cx is the general solution of; (2t + 3x + 4)dt + (3t + 4 x + 5)dx = 0
y 2x a. t2+3tx+4t+2x2+5x=c
a. y' = b. y '=
b. 2t2+4xt+7t+4x2+6x=c
2x y
c. t2+2tx+2x+2x2+7t=c
2y x
c. y '= d. y '= d. x2+3xt+2x+t2+6x=c
x 2y 38. Solve the differential equation
27. A curve passing through the origin has a slope of y ' ' '+8 y ' '+37 y '+50 y = 0
2x at any point on the curve. The equation of the
curve is; a. y=C1e-2x+e3x(C2cos4x+C3sin4x)
a.y = x2 b. y = 2 x + c b. y=C1e-3x+e2x(C2cos4x+C3sin4x)
c. y=C1e-3x+e3x(C2cos2x+C3sin2x)
c. y = 2 x d. 2 x + y = 2
2
d. y=C1e-2x+e2x(C2cos3x+C3sin3x)
28. A curve has a differential equation of 2xydy +
y2dx = 0 if it passes through the point (1,1). Find
the slope at x = 25. 39. Solve the differential equation
a. -0.004 b. -0.12 c. -0.023 d. -0.43 y’’ + 16y =0
a. y=C1cos 4t + C2sin 4t
dr b. y=C1cos t + C2sin t
29. Obtain the particular solution of = −4rt
dt c. y=C1cos 2t + C2sin 2t
when t = 0, and r = r0. d. y=C1cos 3t + C2sin 3t
r = r0 e −2t = r0 e − t 40. Solve the differential equation
2 2
a. b. r
xy'−2 y = x 3 cos 4 x
r = 2r0 e −2t r = r0 e 2t
2 2
c. d.
1
a. y = x 2 sin 4 x + cx 2
4
30. Solve ( x + y)dx + ( y + x)dy = 0.
2 3
1 3
a. x3/3 +xy + y4/4 =c b. y = x sin 4 x + cx 3
b. x3/3 + x + y +y4/4 =c 4
c. x3/3 + xy – y4/4 = c 1 3
d. x3/3 – xy2 + y4 = c c. y = x sin 4 x + cx 2
2
1
31. Solve the differential equation d. y = x 2 sin 2 x + cx 2
(6 x + y 2 )dx + y(2 x − 3 y)dy = 0. 2
41. Find a complete solution of
a. xy + 3x − y = c
2 2 3
y” + 5y’ + 6y = 3e-2x + e3x
b. 3xy − 3x − y = c
2 2 3
a. y = C1e-2x + C2ex+3xe-2x+e3x/30
c. xy + 2 x − 3 y = c b. y = C1e-2x + C2e3x+3xe-3x+e3x/30
2 2 3

d. xy + 3x − y = c
2 2 2 c. y = C1e-3x + C2e3x+3xe-2x+e3x/30
d. y = C1e-2x + C2e2x+3xe-2x+e3x/30
dy 2 y
32. Solve the equation + = 6x3 .
dx x 42. Find a complete solution of
a. x y = x + c b. x y = 6 x + c
2 6 2 5
y” + y = 3sinx
c. x = 5 x + c
2 6
d. x y = 6 x + c
2 2 5 a. y = C1cos x + C2sinx – 1.5xcosx
33. The degree of the differential equation b. y = C1cos x + C2sin3x – 1.5xcos2x
y"−5xy' = e x + 1. c. y = C1cos 2x + C2sinx – 1.5xcos2x
a. 1 b. 2 c. 5 d. 3 d. y = C1cos5 x + C2sinx – 1.5xcos2x
33. A relationship between two variables which 43. Find a complete solution of
contains only essential arbitrary constants. (D4 + 8D2 + 16)y = -sinx
a. primitives b.proportionality a. y=C1cos2x+C2sin2x+C3xcos2x+C4xsin2x-sin/x
c. essential d. solution b. y=C1cos3x+C2sin2x+C3xcos2x+C4xsinx-sin/x
35. Find the general solution of c. y=C1cos2x+C2sin3x+C3xcos2x+C4xsin2x-sin/x
y"− y '−2 y = 0. d. y=C1cos2x+C2sin2x+C3xcos3x+C4xsinx-sin/x
a. y = C1e− x + C2e2 x b. y = C1e x + C2e2 x
44. Find the solution of the initial value
c. y = C1e− 2 x + C2e2 x d . y = C1e3 x + C2e21 problem y” – 4y’ + 4y = 0;
36. The family of curves which intersect a given family y(0) = 3, y’(0) = 4
of curves at an angle less than 900 are called: a. y = 3e2x – 2xe2x
a. orthogonal b. intersecting curves
c. isogonal d. acute angle
b. y = 3e2x – 5xe2x
37. Solve he differential equation ; c. y = 5e2x – 2xe2x
 d. y = 5e2x – 3xe2x a..sin 𝑦 = 𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 b. cos 𝑦 =
𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 c. sin 𝑦 = 𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦 d.
45. Find a complete solution of cos 𝑥 = 𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
y” + 2y’ + 5y = 0. 55. Solve (1 − 𝑦)𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 2
a. y = e-x(C1cos 2x + C2sin 2x) a..2𝑥 3 + 3𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 = 𝑐
b. y = e-x(C1cos 3x + C2sin 2x) b. 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 = 𝑐
c. y = e-x(C1cos 2x + C2sin 3x) c. 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 = 𝑐
d. y = e-2x(C1cos 2x + C2sin 2x) d. 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑦 2 − 5𝑦 = 𝑐
56. Solve (3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 4𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦
46. Find the solution of a..(𝑦 − 𝑥)(𝑦 + 3𝑥)3 = 𝑐𝑥 3
y” – 3y’ +2y = 2 + ex b. (𝑦 + 𝑥)(𝑦 − 2𝑥)3 = 𝑐𝑥 3
a. y =C1ex + C2e2x + 1 - xex c. (𝑦 + 𝑥)(𝑦 − 3𝑥)2 = 𝑐𝑥 3
b. y =C1e2x + C2e2x + 1 - xex d.(𝑦 − 𝑥)(𝑦 − 𝑥)3 = 𝑐𝑥 3
57. Solve (𝑦 2 + 7𝑥𝑦 + 16𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0 when
c. y =C1ex + C2e3x + 1 - xex
d. y =C1ex + C2e2x + 1 - xex 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1.
a..𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5(𝑦 + 4𝑥) ln 𝑥
b. 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4(𝑦 − 2𝑥) ln 𝑥
47. The degree and order of the differential equation. c. 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4(𝑦 − 𝑥) ln 𝑥
d. 𝑥 − 𝑦 = (𝑦 + 3𝑥) ln 𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 3
𝑑𝑥 2
+ 7 ( ) − 8𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥
58. Solve 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
a..1, 2 b. 2, 2 a..𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑐𝑦 b. 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑐𝑦
3 3
c. 2, -1 d. -2, -2 c. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑦 d. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 3 =
48. The independent variable in the differential 𝑐𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦
equation 2 ( ) + 3 ( ) + 𝑥 = 𝑒𝑡 59. Solve (𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
a..t b. 1 2(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 when 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1
c. x d. y a..(𝑥𝑦 − 2)2 + (𝑥 + 3)2 = 2𝑦 2 + 15
49. Eliminate the arbitrary constant B and α from the c. (𝑥𝑦 + 3)2 − (𝑥 + 3)2 = 2𝑦 2 − 13
relation 𝑥 = 𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜔𝑡 + 𝛼) a..(𝑥𝑦 − 2)2 + (𝑥 − 3)2 = 2𝑦 2 + 15
a..
𝑑2 𝑥
+ 𝜔2 𝑥 = 0 b.
𝑑2 𝑥
− 𝜔2 𝑥 = 1 d. (𝑥𝑦 − 2)2 + (𝑥 + 2)2 = 2𝑦 2 + 13
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 2 60. Solve 2(𝑦 − 4𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑2 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑥
c. 2 + 𝜔3 𝑥 = 2 d. 2 − a..𝑥 2 𝑦 = 2𝑥 4 + 𝑐 b. 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝜔3 𝑥 = 0 c. 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 3𝑥 4 − 𝑐 d. 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 3𝑥 4 − 𝑐
𝑦= ′
50. Eliminate the arbitrary constants 61. Solve 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2𝑦
𝐶1 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 2𝑥 sin 3𝑥 a..4𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 1 + 𝑐𝑒 −2𝑥
a..𝑦 ′′ − 4𝑦 ′ + 13𝑦 = 0 b. 4𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 2 − 𝑐𝑒 −2𝑥
b. 𝑦 ′′ − 4𝑦 ′ − 5𝑦 = 2 c. 4𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 − 𝑐𝑒 2𝑥
c. 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 ′ + 12𝑦 = 1 d. 4𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2 + 𝑐𝑒 2𝑥
d. 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 ′ − 13𝑦 = 0 62. Solve 6x2dy – y(2y3 + x)dx = 0.
51. Find the differential equation of the family of the a..(2y3 – x)2 = cxy6 b. (2x2 – y)2 = cyx6
parabolas with axis parallel to the y- axis and with c. (2x3 – y)2 = cyx4 d. (2x3 – y)3 = cyx6
distance from vertex to focus fixed as a. 63. Solve (𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4)𝑑𝑥 − (2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5)𝑑𝑦 = 0
a..(𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1)3 = 𝑐(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3)
a..2𝑎𝑦 ′′ = 1 b. 2𝑎𝑦 ′ = 2 b. (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)3 = 𝑐(𝑥 − 𝑦 − 4)
c. 3𝑎𝑦 ′′ = 1 d. 3𝑎𝑦 ′ = 2 c.. (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1)3 = 𝑐(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4)
52. Find the differential equation of the strophoids 𝑟 = d. none of these
𝑎(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 + tan 𝜃). 64. Radium decomposes at a rate proportional to the
quantity of radium present. Suppose that it is
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 found that in 25 years approximately 1.1% of a
𝑎. . = 𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 b. = 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 certain quantity of radium has decomposed.
c. = 𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 d. = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃 Determine approximately how long it will take for
53. Determine the general solution of 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = one half the original amount of radium to
0. decompose.
a..𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐 b. ln 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐 a..1566 years b. 1500 years
c. ln 𝑥 + ln 𝑦 = 𝑐 d. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑐 c. 1550 years d.
54. Solve sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + cos 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 1650 years
65. A certain radioactive substance has a half-life of b. 𝑦 = 𝑐1 − (𝑐2 − 𝑐3 𝑥)𝑒 −𝑥/2
38 hours. Find how long it takes for 90% of the c. 𝑦 = 𝑐1 − (𝑐2 − 𝑐3 𝑥)𝑒 −𝑥/2
radioactivity to be dissipated. d. none of these
a..126 hours b. 124 hours 73. Solve (𝐷 3 − 4𝐷 2 + 𝐷 + 6)𝑦 = 0
c. 136 hours d. 120 𝑎. . 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −𝑥 + +𝑐2 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑐3 𝑒 3𝑥
hours b. 𝑦 = 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑐3 𝑒 3𝑥
66. At 9 a.m., a thermometer reading 70 oF is taken c. 𝑦 = 𝑐2 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑐3 𝑒 3𝑥
outside where the temperature is 15oF. At 9:05 d. none of these
a.m. the thermometer reading is 45oF. At 9:10 74. Solve (3𝐷 3 + 5𝐷 2 − 2𝐷) = 0
a.m., the thermometer is taken back indoors where 𝑎. . 𝑦 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝑐3 𝑒 𝑥/3
the temperature is fixed at 70oF. Find the reading b. 𝑦 = 𝑐1 − 𝑐2 𝑒 −2𝑥 − 𝑐3 𝑒 −𝑥/3
at 9:20 a.m. c. 𝑦 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 𝑒 2𝑥 − 𝑐3 𝑒 −𝑥/3
d. none of these
a..58oF b. 55oF
c. 50oF d. 59oF 75. Solve 𝐷 2 (𝐷 − 1)𝑦 = 3𝑒 𝑥 + sin 𝑥
1
67. In a tank are 100 liters of brine containing 50 kg of a..𝑦 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 𝑥 + 𝑐3 𝑒 𝑥 + 3𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 +
2
total dissolved salt. Pure water is allowed to run 1
sin 𝑥
into the tank at the rate of 3 liters a minute. Brine 2
1
runs out of the tank at the rate of 2liters per b. 𝑦 = 𝑐1 − 𝑐2 𝑥 − 𝑐3 𝑒 𝑥 − 3𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 −
2
minute. The instantaneous concentration in the 1
sin 𝑥
2
tank is kept uniform by stirring. How much salt is 1
c..𝑦 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 𝑥 + 𝑐3 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 −
in the tank at the end of hour? 2
1
a..19.53 b. 18.63 sin 𝑥
2
c. 16.53 d. 22.40
d. none of these
68. A tank initially holds 100g of a brine solution
76. Solve (𝐷 2 + 3𝐷 + 2)𝑦 = 1 + 3𝑥 + 𝑥 2
containing 20 lb of salt. At t=0 , fresh water is 1
poured into the tank at the rate of 5gal/min, while a..𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝑥 2
2
the well stirred mixture leaves the tank at the same b. 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −2𝑥 − 𝑥 2
1
rate. Find the amount of salt in the tank after 20 c. 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −𝑥 − 𝑐2 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝑥 3
2
min. d. none of these
1
a..7.36 lb b. 4.76 lb 77. Solve (𝐷 2 − 3𝐷 + 2)𝑦 = −𝑥
1+𝑒
a.. 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 2𝑥 + (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 2𝑥 ) ln(1 + 𝑒 −𝑥 )
c. 2.98 lb d. 9.87 lb
b. 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑐2 𝑒 2𝑥 + (𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 2𝑥 ) ln(2 + 𝑒 −𝑥 )
69. A boat is being towed at the rate of 12mi/h. At the
c.𝑦 = 𝑐3 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑐2 𝑒 2𝑥 + (𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 2𝑥 ) ln(−2 − 𝑒 −𝑥 )
instant (t=0) that the towing line is cast off, a man
d. none of these
in the boat begins to row in the direction of
motion, exerting a force of 20 lb. If the combined
weight of the man and boat is 480 lb and the
resistance (in pounds) is equal to 1.75v, where v is
measured in ft/s, find the speed of the boat after ½
min.
a..11.6 ft/s b. 45.32 ft/s

c. 6.76 ft/s d. 8.98 ft/s

70. Find the orthogonal trajectory of the curve 𝑎𝑥 2 +
𝑏𝑦 2 = 𝑐 with a and b held fixed.
a..𝑦 𝑎 = 𝑘𝑥 𝑏 b. 𝑦 𝑎 = 𝑥 𝑏
2
c. 𝑦 = 𝑏𝑥 d. 𝑦 𝑎 = 𝑏 2 𝑥 2
71. Find the isogonal trajectory of the curve 𝑥 2 −
𝑦 2 = 𝑐, at an angle of 45o.
a..𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑐
b 𝑦 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑐
c. 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑐
d. 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑐
72. Solve (4𝐷 3 + 4𝐷 2 + 𝐷)𝑦 = 0
a..𝑦 = 𝑐1 + (𝑐2 + 𝑐3 𝑥)𝑒 −𝑥/2