Republic of the Philippines

Don Honorio Ventura State University

Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga

College of Engineering and Architecture

Department of Mechanical Engineering

PROGRESS REPORT

Name: HIPOLITO,MARK DANIEL M. Student Number: _2018000973

Course, Year & Section: _BSME-4B_
Subject: MIP 422: Manufacturing and Industrial Plant Processes with Plant Visits
Progress Report No.: _3 Date: _MARCH 25,2022___

One of the subject in studying BSME is the Manufacturing and Industrial Plant Process

with a Plant Visit (MIP 422). There are four topics in MIP syllabus, first is the Methods,

processes and equipment involved in handling of solids. Second is the Dryers and Drying

Processes. Third is the Methods, processes and equipment involved in manufacturing. Lastly,

Packaging Processes and equipment. In the first topic, there are four lessons that will be tackled.

A) Feeders and storage silos, Feeders are machineries used in assembly and manufacturing

application to move or transport materials or products to a designated storage or to other

processing equipment. Silo is a structure for storing bulk materials. They are used in a

agriculture to store grain or fermented feed known as silage. B) Conveyors and Conveying

systems, a conveyor system is a fast and efficient mechanical handling apparatus for

automatically transporting loads and materials within an area.

C) Size reduction of solids. Size reduction refers to an operation wherein particles of solids are

cut or broken into smaller pieces. Size reduction is a mechanical process of breakdown of solids

into smaller size particles without altering the state of aggregation of solids. It is also called

comminution. Solids are broken in four different ways: by (1) compression, (2) impact, (3)

attrition and (4) cutting. In general, compression is the main mode for coarse reduction, giving

off only few fines, whereas impact can yield coarse or fine particles and attrition gives extremely

fine particles. D) Separation and classification of solids. Separating one substance from another

are known as separation techniques. Separations are a regular occurrence in the chemical

industry. In reality, a significant amount of processing equipment is dedicated to separating one

phase or one material from the other. Diffusional and mechanical separation are the two types of

separation. The technique of diffusional separation is used to separate homogeneous mixtures.

The transfer of material between phases, such as distillation, crystallization, and absorption, is

included in this separation. Heterogeneous mixtures are separated by mechanical separation. The

physical distinctions between the particles, such as size, shape, and density, are used to

determine these. It can be used to separate solids from other solids, liquids from solids, and gases

from solids. Classification is a critical unit process in a variety of sectors, including mineral

processing, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and the toner and powder paint industries. Particle

classification is a method for sorting an initial dispersion of particles into a desired degree of

homogeneity based on a characteristic. The velocities or motion directions of tiny and coarse

particles are different in classifiers. The fine and coarse products are separated into two

categories: time and place in the classifiers. Because a multitude of forces might be involved in

defining particle trajectories, a classifier is usually a complex system. Fluid drag forces,

gravitational forces, centrifugal forces, and other forces are examples of these forces.

The second topic is the Dryers and drying processes. Drying is a crucial industrial procedure.

Industrial dryers use a variety of temperature settings and drying methods. The most popular

drier uses steam, gas, or hot water to heat the air, which is then passed over the wet product.

Drying can be accomplished in one of two ways. Natural and mechanical dehydration, as well as

artificial drying dependent on energy supply. Natural drying occurs under the influence of

sunlight and wind and is classified into three types: drying in the sun, sunlight, and shade

Temperature, air flow, and humidity are all uncontrollable in natural drying, but they are all

well-controlled in artificial drying. Mechanical dehydration, often known as artificial

dehydration, is divided into atmospheric and sub-atmospheric varieties based on the drying

conditions used. Drying in atmospheric pressure circumstances can be separated into batch and

continuous types based on the manner of drying operation. Drying by mechanical means

comprises (1) heated air, (2) direct contact with water, and (3) other methods. Sun drying is the

process of drying a food product under natural sunlight. The drying procedure does not require

any energy. Hot days with little humidity and a minimum temperature of 35°C are ideal for sun
drying goods. Poor-quality food cannot be dried naturally to generate a high-quality dried

product. By using this procedure, the lower limit of moisture content is about 15%. When it

comes to sun drying, contamination and intermittent drying are common issues. It's only

achievable in low-humidity locations. Solar drying makes use of specially built structures to

gather and enhance sunlight. Solar driers produce high air temperature and low humidity,

allowing for rapid drying. This dryer dries faster than the sun and requires less drying space. It

cannot, however, be utilized on cloudy days. In general, three types of solar driers are used: (1)

absorption or hot box type driers, in which the product is directly heated by the sun, (2) indirect or

convection driers, in which the product is exposed to warm air heated by a solar absorber or heat

exchanger, and (3) hybrid driers, which combine the first and second types. Shade drying, this technique

is used to dry foods that lose their color when exposed to direct sunshine. Herbs, green and red chilies,

okra, and beans, among other things, are typically dried in a covered area with sufficient air circulation.

There are also other types/ways of drying process.

References:

https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/university-of-batangas/mechanical-engineering/feeders-

and-storage-silos/7715843

https://6river.com/what-is-a-conveyor-system/

https://pdfcoffee.com/ip4-separation-and-classification-of-solidsdocx-pdf-free.html

https://industrialheatpumps.nl/english/applications/drying_processes/#:~:text=Drying%20is

%20an%20important%20industrial,circulated%20over%20the%20wet%20product.