INSTRUCTION MANUAL

FOR
STARTER AND
GROUP STARTER
PANEL
 CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION

2. TYPES AND CONSTRUCTION

2.1 SINGLE STARTER
2.2 GROUP STARTER PANEL
(1) SINGLE FACE CONSTRUCTION
(2) DOUBLE FACE CONSTRUCTION

3. STARTER COMPONENT DEVICES

(a) MOLDED-CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER
(b) MOLEDE-CASE SWITCH
(c) EXTERNAL OPERATING HANDLE
(d) CONTACTOR
(e) THERMAL OVERCURRENT RELAY
(f) START AND STOP PUSH BUTTON SWITCH
(g) MANU-AUTO (OR LOCAL-REMOTE) SWITCH
(h) STOP PUSH UTTON SWITCH WITH LOCK
(I) RUNNING LIGHT
(j) ALARM LIGHT
(k) CONTROL POWER TRANSFORMER
(l) AUTO TRANSFORMER
(m) LATCH-IN RELAY
(n) TIME-DELAY RELAY
(o) AUXILIARY RELAY

4. STARTER TYPES
4.1 FULL-VOLTAGE STARTER, NON-REVERSING
4.2 FULL-VOLTAGE STARTER, REVERSING
4.3 FULL-VOLTAGE STARTER, TWO-SPEED
4.4 FULL-VOLTAGE STARTER, LONG-TIME
4.5 REDUCED-VOLTAGE STARTER
(1) STAR-DELTA STARTER
(2) AUTO-TRANSFORMER STARTER
4.6 STARTER,AUTOMATIC START-STOP CONTROL
1. INTRODUCTION

Electric motors are used to drive essential and general auxiliary machineries located
elsewhere in the ship such as pumps, exhaust fans, blowers, compressors, purifiers, deck
equipment, and galley refrigerators.

Normal “start-stop” control and protection of these motors are made by means of starters.

Other basic functions of the starters are electrical isolation of the motor to provide
accessibility for maintenance and facilities for automatic, sequence and other enclosure.

The starter is, therefore, an assembly of various control devices and normally housed in a
sheet-steel enclosure.

The starter is either full-voltage (across-the line) or reduced-voltage (star-delta or

compensator) type with or without arrangement for reversed operation, long-time start
control, or speed control.

In either type, the starter is so designed that control of the motor can be made safely and
easily.

Further, the starter is designed for manual or automatic operation, or for both with a change-
over switch.

* Rules and regulations

Each starter is manufactured to the requirements of the Rules and Regulations of

All component control devices are either type-approved or recognized as complying with the
requirements.
2. Types and Construction

2-1. Single starter (Individual starter)

The single starter is a dead-front type of wall-mount construction or, in some larger starters,
self-standing construction.

The enclosure is rigidly constructed of 1.6mm, 2.0mm, or 2.6mm thick steel according to
size, and drip-proofed.
The front panel is a hinged door type.

The various control devices are arranged on the mounting plate inside the enclosure in a
manner that saves the space yet permits the inspection and maintenance to be done easily
and safely.

This type of starter is installed near the machine it control, such as in the machinery space.

2-2. Group starter panel

The group starter panel is dead-front type of self-standing construction or, in some cases,
wall-mount construction.

Its basic structure is a rigidly assembled vibration-resistant framework with 1.6mm thick steel
paneling to provide the required number of starter unit compartments, and is drip-proofed.

Each starter unit compartment has a 1.6mm thick front panel door of high-grade finish, which
is hinged at one side and fastened at the other side by a latch mechanism.

The Various control devices inside each starter unit compartment are arranged and mounted
in a manner that saves the space yet permits the inspection and maintenance to be done
easily and safely.

The group starter panel is usually installed at a location convenient for centralized control.

There are two kinds of group starter panels, single face and double face constructions;
(1) Single face construction

a. Front-type : starter unit control faces are orderly arranged in one face of the group
starter panel.
The external connection terminals for all starter units (for both load and control
circuits) are grouped and housed in the bottom compartment.
Thus, control, monitoring, and inspection/maintenance are all made form the front of
the group starter panel.

b. Back-type : same as the front type, except for the external connection terminals that
are located on the rear of each starter unit compartment.

The back of the group starter panel, therefore, has a paneling of door type for
accessibility.
This type is used when more space is required for cable connections and
inspection/maintenance.

(2) Double face construction (double type)

Starter unit faces are arranged in the front and rear of group starter panel.

Compared with a single face construction of the same width and height, the double face
construction can house about twice as many starter units.

The front of each unit necessary control and indicators as in the front type, while the rear
units control switches, ammeters and indicator lamps are grouped and brought to the
front of the group starter panel ; this reduces the total control face area to about 1/2 of
that of single face construction.
3. Starter component devices

Each starter is formed by using a combination of the devices mentioned below.

The asterisk (*) indicates that the marked device is not common for all starters but used as
required by the special circuit arrangements, user’s specifications, or the rules and
regulations of the classification society.

a) Molded-case circuit breaker* (no fuse breaker)

This is a primary switch of the starter and not used for normal “start stop” control.
In addition to serving as the primary disconnecting device, the molded case circuit
breaker has the fault-current interrupting function.

When this is used, re-establishment of the circuit after the fault is cleared can be made
easily and safely without need for replacement of elements such as fuses.

The operating motor can be disconnected from the circuit with this breaker.

b) Molded-case switch*

This is also used as the primary switch.

This switch is very similar in construction to the molded-case circuit breaker, but it has
neither trip element nor trip mechanism.

However, it is provided with arc chutes and it can interrupt normal motor-running
currents.

In this case, a set of fuse or a circuit breaker closer to the source of power normally
provides fault-current protection.

c) External operating handle

This is used to operate a molded-case circuit breaker or molded-case switch, which is

installed inside the starter compartment as a whole for dust-proof, drip-proof, or any
other special requirements.
 Moving this external operating handle downward past the “OFF” position unlatches the
starter unit compartment door to open.
The door is latch locked and cannot be opened when the handle is in any other position.
Safety in inspection and maintenance is thus assured for you cannot open the door
without first turning off the primary power.

If it is necessary to open the door with the circuit breaker of switch in “ON” position, then
turn the panel lock release screw immediately above the handle shaft clockwise (arrow-
marked) with a flat-bladed screwdriver and open the door.

Note; Each unit in the group starter panel is provided with the above external operating
handle.
For single starters, the breaker or switch handle is directly operated on the panel
face unless otherwise ordered.

d) Contactor

This is main device for normal “start-stop” control.

The contactor used for the starter is electromagnetic-operated and is capable of making,
carrying and interrupting normal motor starting and running current.

The closing coil (electromagnetic), which causes the contactor’s main contacts to close
when energized, is controlled through a start-stop push-button switch, relay contacts, etc.
The closing coil is of continuous duty and operates satisfactorily in a range form 85 to
110% of its rated voltage.

The contactor of high reliability is used for each starter so that it will not accidentally
open the circuit due to vibration or shock.

e) Thermal over current relay

This relay is provided to protect the motor against excessive temperature duo to
overload.

If the motor current exceeds the rated value (this is set to relay), this relay will operate
 and de-energized the closing coil of the contactor.

The contactor will then open the circuit.

This condition is generally called “the contactor is tripped.”

Some type of thermal over current relay must be manually reset after the cause of
overload has been removed.

f) Start and stop pushbutton switch (Momentary action)

“Start” pushbutton switch

Pressing this switch starts the motor.

The normally open contact of this switch connects either directly or indirectly through a
relay or relays to the main contactor’s closing coil.

The later type is usually used for large starter and where special starting arrangements
(e.g, timed starting control, star-delta starting, etc) are required.

In either type, the contactor is provided with a suitable self-holding arrangement.

“Stop” pushbutton switch

Pressing this switch stops the motor.

The normally closed contact of this switch is usually connected in series with the start
control circuit or circuits and pressing this button releases the self-holding condition of
the main contactor as well as that of other auxiliary relays and contactors in the control
circuit or circuits.

g) Manual-Auto (or Local-Remote) switch

This is usually a two-position change over switch.

With this switch at the “Manual (or Local)” position, manual start-stop control of the
motor is possible and no automatic operation is made.
 When this switch is set to the “Auto (or Remote)” position, start or stop control of the
motor is automatically made in response to external control signals from pressure
switches, temperature switches, automatic control devices, etc.

Stop pushbutton switch with lock*

This switch is connected to the starter, but provided in the machine side push button box.

The function is the same as that of the “stop” pushbutton switch mentioned in f) except
that this switch can be locked in the stop position for safety during maintenance of the
motor or the driven machine.

i) Running light

This indicator lamp is alight when the motor is operating.

j) Alarm lights*

These lamps are used, as required, to indicate the cause of trouble (high or low
pressure, temperature, level, or the like) that has resulted in tripping of the main
contactor (abnormal motor stop).

The alarm light which is illuminating will go out if the cause of trouble is removed.

k) Control power transformer

This is an isolated-winding step-down transformer used to supply the reduced-voltage

power to the starter control circuitry as required from the specific circuit arrangements of
from the regulatory body’s rules and regulations.

l) Auto transformer*

One type of reduced-voltage starter used this transformer which is usually a three-coil
unit with one coil connected in each phase.

Tap for 80, 65 and 50% voltage are provided and the 65% tap is normally used.
m) Latch-in relay*(Auxiliary relay)

This relay is used for start-stop control circuitry of an LVR (low voltage release) system.

In the LVR system, the starting procedure need not be repeated after a power outage or
voltage dip dropped out the main contactor and auxiliary control relay in the starter.

If the starting procedure must be repeated, then the arrangement is called an LVP (low
voltage protection) system,

The relay has closing coil (referred to as “4C” in circuit diagrams) and a tripping coil (or
reseting coil and referred to as 4T).

Once the closing coil is energized, the contacts of this relay mechanically lock in the
energized position even after the closing coil has been de-energized.

Reseting to the de-energized position is electrically made by energizing the tripping coil.

Since both the closing and tripping coils are of short-time rating, they are interlocked and
protected from being energized continuously.

This is normally done by connecting an NC contact of the relay in series with the main
coil and an NO contact in series with reset coil.

n) Time-delay relay* (Auxiliary relay)

This relay is used for timing control as required for automatic starting or stopping,
switching over from star to delta connecting, or other timed operation.

One of the following methods is used to obtain the time delay ;

a. Motor type (a small synchronous motor and a cam-and gear combination) ;

b. Pneumatic type (utilized delay caused by air flow through a small or if ice or if ices) ;
 c. R-C type (a resistor-and-capacitor series circuit, usually transistorized) ;

In addition to timed NO and NC contacts, this relay may have instantenous-action NO

contact.

o) Auxiliary relays

Auxiliary relays of general-purpose type are also used, as required, for amplifying the
switching capacity, by-passing, automatic controlling, interlocking, etc.
4. Starter types

4.1. Full-voltage starter, Non-reversing

Fig. 1. Non-reversing starter

88 ; Contactor
52 ; Molded-case circuit breaker
89 ; Molded-case switch
51 ; Thermal over current relay
M ; Electric motor
3-0 ; Stop push
FC, F1 ; Fuses
LP ; Source light
L ; Running light
A ; Ammeter
As shown in Fig.1, the electric motor is directly connected to the power lines when the “start”
pushbutton switch is pressed.

Since the auxiliary contact 88a of the contactor also closes, the contactor self-holds this
condition even if the “start” button is released.

Pressing the “stop” button cancels this condition and the motor is disconnected from the
power lines.

Contacts of external control devices may be included in the control circuit for remote control,
automatic control, etc.
4.2 Full-voltage starters, reversing

Applications ; Machine tool, air flow direction control of small fan, open-close control of valve,
etc.

Fig.2. Reversing starter

52 ; Molded-case circuit breaker
89 ; Molded-case switch
88F ; Contactor (for forward operation)
88R ; Contactor (for reverse operation)
51 ; Thermal over current relay
M ; Electric motor
3-0 ; Stop pushbutton switch
3CF ; Forward start pushbutton switch
3CR ; Reverse start pushbutton switch
FC, FL ; Fuses
LP ; Source light
LF ; Forward running light
LR ; Reverse running light
A ; Ammeter
As shown in Fig.2 the equipment for a reversing starter is similar to that for non-reversing
starter except that an additional set of a contactor and a start switch (also a running light, etc.
as necessary) is required for reversed operation.

Pressing the “Fwd” start button 3CF energizes the contactor 88F and the motor is connected
to the power lines in normal phase sequence.

Similarly, pressing the “Rev” start button 3CR energizes the contactor 88R and the motor is
connected to the power lines in reversed phase sequence.

Electrical interlocking is provided to prevent the two contactors from closing simultaneously.

When changing from forward to reversed operation or vice verse, the stop button 3-0 must
be pressed first.
4-3. Full-voltage starter, Two-speed
The speed (synchronous), n in rpm, of an induction motor is fixed by the power frequency, f
in HZ, and the number of pole, p ;

n = 120f/p (rpm)

For operation at a different speed, therefore, either the power frequency (f) or the number of
poles (p) must be changed.

The power frequency is normally not variable and the number of poles is changed by
reconnecting the stator winding, by providing the two independent stator windings (each for
a different number of poles), or by some other method.

Explained here is a two-speed starter of stator winding reconnection type.

Pressing the “Low’ start button 3CL, energizes the contactor 88L and the motor starts to
operate at low speed.

When changing from low to high speed operation or vice versa, the stop button 3-0 must be
pressed first.

Electrical interlocking is provided to prevent simultaneous closing of both high-speed and

low-speed side contactors.

The high-speed side contactor 88H and 6 are so arranged that 6 operated first, the 88H.

Pressing the stop button 3-0 de-energizes the high-speed side or low side contactor,
whichever operating.
 Fig.3. Two-speed starter
52 : Molded-case circuit breaker
89 : Molded-case switch
M : Electric motor, single winding, 2-speed
3-0 : Stop pushbutton switch
3CH : High start pushbutton switch
3CL : Low start pushbutton switch
FC, FL ; Fuses
88H,6 ; Contactor (for high-speed operation)
88L ; Contactor (for low-speed operation)
51H ; Thermal overcurrent relay (for high-speed operation)
51L ; Thermal overcurrent relay (for low-speed operation)
LP ; Source light
LH, LL ; High/Low running light
A ; Ammeter
4-4. Full-voltage starter, Long-time

Fig.4, Long-time starter

52 ; Molded-case circuit breaker
89 ; Molded-case switch
51 ; Thermal overcurrent relay
6 ; Contactor (for overcurrent relay short circuiting)
88 ; Contactor (for star-stop control)
19 ; Time-delay relay (controls contactor 6)
LP ; Source light
L ; Running light
FC, FL ; Fuses
M ; Electric motor
3-0 ; Stop pushbutton switch
3C ; Start pushbutton switch
A ; Ammeter
a) Purpose
This special control scheme as illustrated in Fig.4 is used for motors which require a
conditions, such as those driving oil purifiers.

Since a prolonged flow of starting current higher than the rated motor current can cause
operation of the thermal overcurrent relay, a time relay and a contactor for short-circuiting
the thermal (bimetallic) sensing elements of the overcurrent relay during the starting period
are normally added.
The long-time starter shown in Fig.4 is very similar to a non reversing full-voltage starter in
other respects.

b) Starting
Pressing the start button 3C energizes the contactor 6 and the time delay relay 19.
The main contacts of the contactor 6 then short-circuit the sensing elements of the thermal
overcurrent relay 51 and, at the same time, its auxiliary contact 6a energizes the main
contactor 88 ; the motor starts.

c) Running
After a certain time of operation, which is set to the time-delay relay 19, the timed NC
contact of the time-delay relay 19 opens and de-energizes the contactor 6; by-passing of
the overcurrent relay elements is thus removed and the starting period ends.

The motor continues to run and the thermal overcurrent relay 51 now protects the motor
against overload.

d) Stopping
Pressing the stop button 3-0 de-energizes the main contactor 88 and the motor stops.
4-5. Reduced-voltage starters

Reduced-voltage starter are used for large motors to reduce the inrush currents to
acceptable values for the power system to which they are connected.

A) Star-delta starter

a) General
In this starting method, the phase windings of the motor are Y-connected during the
starting period, then delta-connected for normal full-voltage running.

The voltage across each phase winding during the starting period is, therefore, 1/ 3
times the normal running running voltage, or 58% the phase-to-phase circuit voltage.

Since the current reduces directly with the voltage, the starting current when Y-
connected is limited to about 33% of that of full-voltage starting (delta-connected).

b) Starting and Running

Pressing the start button 3C energizes the contactor 6 and the main contacts of the
contactor 6 connect the motor phase winding ends together.

At the same time, its auxiliary contact 6a energizes the time-delay relay 19 and the
starting contactor 88; the motor starts at the reduced voltage (Y-connected).

After a certain time of operation, which is set to the time-delay relay 19, the timed NC
contact 19b of the time-delay relay 19 opens and the contactor 6 is de-energized.

The running contactor 42 then energizes through the timed NO contact 19a and the
auxiliary contact 6b of the contactor 6; the motor now operates at the full voltage (delta-
connected).

c) Stopping

Pressing the stop button 3-0 de-energizes both the starting and running contactors, 88
and 42; the motor stops.
 Fig.5. Star-delta starter

52 ; Molded-case circuit breaker

89 ; Molded-case switch
51 ; Thermal overcurrent relay
88 ; Contactor (for Starting)
6 ; Contactor (for running)
42 ; Contactor (for running)
M ; Electric motor
3-0 ; Stop pushbutton switch
3C ; Start pushbutton switch
LP ; Source light
L ; Running light
FC,FL ; Fuses
19 ; Time-delay relay
A : Ammeter
B) Auto-transformer starter or Compensator
This type of starter consists of a three-coil auto-transformer having 3 standard taps
(80,65, and 50%) and the 65% tap is normally used.

Fig.6 shows a most commonly employed form of control scheme for an auto-transformer
starter.

When starting the motor, the three coils of the auto-transformer are Y-connected and the
motor is connected to the power lines through the auto-transformer.

Next, when the motor has accelerated sufficiently and the starting current has decreased,
the Y-connection of the auto-transformer is opened and the motor is directly connected
to the power lines.

This timing is made by means of a time-delay relay and part of each transformer coil
acts as a reactor to maintain power on the motor during the transition period.

a) Starting and Running

Pressing the start button 3C energizes the contactor 6-1 and the time-delay relay 19,
and the auto-transformer is Y-connected.

The auxiliary NO contact 6-1a of the contactor 6-1 also closes, energizing the starting
contactor 6-2 ; the motor starts at the reduced voltage (65% the full voltage in this
example).

After a certain time of operation, which is set to the time-delay relay 19, the timed NC
contact 19b of the time-delay relay 19, the timed NC contact 19b of the time-delay relay
19 opens and the contactor 6-1 us de-energized.

The running contactor 88 then energizes through the timed NO contact 19a and the
auxiliary NC contact 6-1b of the contactor 6-1; the motor now operates at the full voltage.

At the same time, the auxiliary NC contact 88b of the running contactor 88 opens, de-
energizing the starting contactor 6-2 and the time-delay relay 19.
c) Stopping
Pressing the stop button 3-0 de-energizes the running contactor 88; the motor stops.

Fig.6. Auto-transformer starter

Atr ; Auto-transformer
52 ; Molded-case circuit breaker
89 ; Molded – case switch
6-1 ; Contactor (for auto-transformer Y-connection)
6-2 ; Contactor (for starting)
88 ; Contactor (for running)
51 ; Thermal overcurrent relay
M ; Electric motor
3-0 ; Stop pushbutton switch
3C ; Start pushbutton switch
FC,FL ; Fuses
LP ; Source light
L ; Running light
19 ; Time-delay relay
A ; Ammeter
4.6. STARTER, ATUOMATIC START0STIP CONTROL

Fig.7. Starter with Manu and Auto start-stop control circuit

52 ; Molded-case circuit breaker

88 ; Contactor
51 ; Thermal overcurrent relay
A ; Ammeter
M ; Electric motor
FC,FL ; Fuses
R.C ; Remote control switch box (Machine side push button switch box)
3-0 ; Stop push button switch
43R ; Local-Remote selector switch
3C ; Start pushbutton switch
LP ; Source light
L ; Running light
a) Local control
The Local-Remote selector switch 43R is first positioned to “Local”.
Pressing the start button 3C (or R.C start button), then energizes the coil of the
contactor 88 which self-holds this condition through closure of its auxiliary contact 88a ;
the main contacts of the contactor 88 are closed and the motor starts.

Pressing the stop button 3-0 (or R.C stop switch) de-energizes the coil of the contactor
88 and the motor stops.

b) Remote control
Positioning the Local-Remote selector switch 43R to “Remote”, then start-stop control
signal.

When the start signal closes, the coil of the contactor 88 is energized and it self-holds
this condition through closer of its auxiliary contact 88a ; the main contacts of the
contactor 88 are closed and the motor starts.

When stop signal opens, the coil of the contactor 88 is de-energized and the motor stops.