004 Slides SU1 Chap5 SAR Part 2

Singapore Airworthiness
Requirements Part 2
Lesson Recording
© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

Introduction
At the completion of today’s video, you will b e able to understand

the important elements of the Parts of Singapore
Airworthiness Requirements (SARs)

Singapore Airworthiness Requirements (SAR)
• Five Parts of SAR:
1. Part 21: Deals with certification and approval of products and articles
2. Part 39: Issue of Airworthiness Directive
3. Part 66: Maintenance Licenses
4. Part 145: Maintenance Organizations
5. Part 147: Maintenance Training Organizations

Singapore Airworthiness Requirements Part 21
1. type certificate for a product;

2. a supplemental type certificate for a product;
3. a design approval for a modification or a repair to a product or article;
4. STSO Certificate of Approval for an article;

5. Design Organisation Approval (DOA) for a design organisation;

6. Production Organisation Approval (POA) for a production organisation;
7. Letter of agreement for production without a POA; and
8. any form of approval given to an appliance or activity in support of any
of the aboveApprovals

Airworthiness Requirements: Type Certificate (TC)
A type certificate is issued to signify
• the airworthiness of an aircraft manufacturing design.
• The certificate is issued by a regulating body, and once issued, the

design cannot be changed.
• What happen if the manufacturer wish to change?
• Supplemental type certificate

• New design (new type certificate).

Airworthiness Requirements: Supplementary Type Certificate
A supplemental type certificate(STC) is a national aviation authority

approved major modification or repair to an existing type certified aircraft,
engine or propeller.
• As it adds to the existing type certificate, it is deemed "supplemental".

• In the United States issuance of such certificates is under the purview of
the Federal Aviation Administration(FAA).

Example of TCs
• The world's best-selling single aisle

aircraft, the A320neo, has received
joint Type Certification from the
European Aviation Safety Agency
(EASA) and the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) on 24th
November 2015

Technical Standing Order (TSO)
• A TSO is a minimum performance standardpublished by FAA for

specified materials, parts, and appliances installed on civil aircraft. TSO
authorization is both design and production approval. Many TSOs are
for avionics articles, like radios, transponders and GPSs.
• Receiving a TSO authorization means that an article meets a minimum

performance requirement.
• A separate FAA approval is required toinstall the article on an aircraft.

Singapore Technical Standing Order (TSO)
A STSO must meet standards used by DGCA or FAA or relevant authorities in

compliance with Chicago Convention and accepted by DGCA.

1. Part 21: Application for and grant of certificates


The SAR-39 prescribes the requirements governing the issue of

Airworthiness Directives that are applicable to Singapore aircraft and any
aircraft component to be fitted on Singapore aircraft

‘Airworthiness Directive’ is a document issued or adopted by the Authority

which mandates actions to be performed to restore an acceptable level of
safety.

CAAS may issue an Airworthiness Directivein respect of aircraft or aircraft

component if the Authority believes on reasonable grounds that:
a) an unsafe condition exists in any aircraft or aircraft component; and

b) that condition is likely to exist or develop in any other aircraft or
aircraft component of the same design.

No person shall operate or permit the operation of a Singapore

aircraft to which an Airworthiness Directive applies unless that
person ensures that the aircraft complies with each applicable
Airworthiness Directive by the compliance time specified in the
Airworthiness Directive.

Advisory Circulars
Advisory Circulars:
• Not in Part 39
• Issued to provide guidance to the industry on subjects related to

procedures and to provide an acceptable means of compliance with the
Technical Requirements.
• Advisory Circulars are intended to be informative in nature

and not regulatory; however, many times they describe actions or advice
that the Authority expects to be implemented or followed.

Airworthiness Notices (AN)
Airworthiness Notices are issued by CAAS to circulate information on an

administrative or technical nature to all concerned with airworthiness of civil
aircraft.
The type of information is categorized as:

• Part A: GeneralAdministration
• Part B: Procedures
• Part C: Matters involving directly airworthiness



• SAR-66 :
— CategoryA
— Category B1
— Category B2
— Category C

• Example of License Privilege:

– Category B1
o Maintenance of the aircraft structure, powerplant, mechanical and
electrical systems. Certification of work on avionics systems
requiring only simple tests to prove their serviceability are also
included in the privileges. Troubleshooting on avionics systems is
not allowed.
o To issue a certificate of release to service, the aircraft maintenance

license is endorsed with the appropriate aircraft type rating.
o In the preceding 2-year period, he or she has had 6 months of

maintenance experience relevant to the privileges of his or her
aircraft maintenance license.

Example of Experience requirements:
• For category B2 and subcategories B1.1 and B1.3:

• 5 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft if
the applicant has no previous relevant technical training; or
• 3 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and
completion of training considered relevant by the Authority as a
skilled worker, in a technical trade; or
• 2 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and
completion of a SAR-147 approved basic training course.

SAR-66 is available in Canvas and you are to familiarize with the licensing
requirements



Maintenance Organisation Approval
The SAR-145 specifies the requirements for the approval of a maintenance

organization.
• Any organisation intending to maintain a Singapore-registered aircraft

or component fitted on Singapore-registered aircraft shall hold a SAR-
145 Maintenance Organisation Approval.
• To obtain a SAR-145 maintenance approval, the applicant shall fulfil the
requirements as specified in SAR-145.



Maintenance Training Organisation Approval
Maintenance Training Organisation Approval (SAR-147)
• Any organisation intending to conduct training leading to a SAR-66 aircraft

maintenance licence must hold a SAR-147 MTO approval.
• To obtain a SAR-147 MTO approval, the organisation shall fulfil the

requirements as specified in Singapore Airworthiness Requirement
Part-147 (SAR-147).

Summary
Parliament Passes
the Act
Empowers Minister
Air Navigation Act
for Transport
Empowers DG, CAAS

Air Navigation
to make further
regulations Order
Singapore
Airworthiness Notices Airworthiness
Airworthiness Advisory Circulars (AC)
(AN) Directives (AD)
Requirements (SAR)
6 Sections
5 Parts
SAR-21
SAR-39
SAR-66
SAR-145
SAR-147

Summary
Design Org. AD
(SAR-21) (SAR-39)
Manufacturing
Org. Aircraft Operations SAR / AN / AC
(SAR-21)
Maintenance Org
(SAR-145)
Training Org AML

(SAR-147) (SAR-66)

Reflection Question
Name the parts of SAR.
Which part of the SAR deals with licensing of engineers?
Distinguish the differences between AD, AC and ANs

References
• CAAS SAR: https://www.caas.gov.sg/legislation-regulations/regulatory-

requirements/safety-regulation/airworthiness

004 Slides SU1 Chap5 SAR Part 2

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Singapore Airworthiness

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

At the completion of today’s video, you will b e able to understand

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

• Five Parts of SAR:

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

1. type certificate for a product;

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

5. Design Organisation Approval (DOA) for a design organisation;

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

A type certificate is issued to signify

• the airworthiness of an aircraft manufacturing design.

• The certificate is issued by a regulating body, and once issued, the

• What happen if the manufacturer wish to change?

• Supplemental type certificate

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

A supplemental type certificate(STC) is a national aviation authority

• As it adds to the existing type certificate, it is deemed "supplemental".

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

• The world's best-selling single aisle

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

• A TSO is a minimum performance standardpublished by FAA for

• Receiving a TSO authorization means that an article meets a minimum

• A separate FAA approval is required toinstall the article on an aircraft.

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

A STSO must meet standards used by DGCA or FAA or relevant authorities in

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

1. Part 21: Application for and grant of certificates

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

The SAR-39 prescribes the requirements governing the issue of

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

‘Airworthiness Directive’ is a document issued or adopted by the Authority

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

CAAS may issue an Airworthiness Directivein respect of aircraft or aircraft

a) an unsafe condition exists in any aircraft or aircraft component; and

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

No person shall operate or permit the operation of a Singapore

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

• Issued to provide guidance to the industry on subjects related to

• Advisory Circulars are intended to be informative in nature

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

Airworthiness Notices are issued by CAAS to circulate information on an

The type of information is categorized as:

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

1. Part 21: Application for and grant of certificates

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

• Example of License Privilege:

o To issue a certificate of release to service, the aircraft maintenance

o In the preceding 2-year period, he or she has had 6 months of

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

Example of Experience requirements:

• For category B2 and subcategories B1.1 and B1.3:

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

1. Part 21: Application for and grant of certificates

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

The SAR-145 specifies the requirements for the approval of a maintenance

• Any organisation intending to maintain a Singapore-registered aircraft

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

1. Part 21: Application for and grant of certificates

© 2019 Singapore University of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

Maintenance Training Organisation Approval (SAR-147)

• Any organisation intending to conduct training leading to a SAR-66 aircraft