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Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module No. 5
Numbers and Number Sense

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Lesson
Exponent and Base
1

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. describe the exponent and the base in a number expressed in

exponential notation
2. determine the base and exponent in a given problem

In this lesson pupils will learn on how to describe the exponent and
the base in a number expressed in exponential notation.

An exponential notation has two parts: the base and the exponent.
The base is the factor and the exponent indicates the number of times the base is
used as a factor and is written as superscript.

For example, the expression 42 is in exponential notation and is read

as four squared or four to the second power. Number 4 is called the base. It is
the factor or the number being multiplied. Number 2 is called exponent. It indicates
the number of times the base is used as a factor. In the given expression, it tells that
number 4 is multiplied by itself two times.

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Illustrative Examples

Read the examples below and learn how Exponent and Base are being describe.

Example 1. Mang Tasio harvested 2 kg of mangoes on Monday, 4 kg on Tuesday,

8 kg on Wednesday, 16 kg on Thursday, and so on. If the pattern
continues, how many kilograms of mangoes will he harvest on Sunday?

Think and Learn

The problem above shows that the weight of mangoes harvested is

doubling each day. This can be expressed into an exponential notation
as 27 because the problem is asking for the weight of mangoes that will
be harvested on Sunday which is the seventh day. But how does the
expression 27 or two to the seventh power works?

2 – is called base and it is used as a factor of itself

7 – is called exponent and it tells how many times the base is used as a factor

Thus, 27 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 and 2x2x2x2x2x2x2 = 128

Therefore the answer of the problem is: One hundred twenty-eight kilograms of
mangoes will be harvested on Sunday

Example 2. In an expression 83, which number represents the base? Which number
represents the exponent?
Solution:
In an expression 83,
8 – is called base and it is used as a factor of itself
3 – is called exponent and it tells how many times the base is used as a
factor
83 can be written as 8 x 8 x 8 = 512

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Activity 1
Do this!
Mother bought 3 cookies on Saturday, 9 cookies on
Sunday, 27 cookies on Monday and so on. If the pattern
continues, how many cookies will mother buy on
Tuesday? Describe or identify what number is the base
and the exponent. Write your answer on the attached
activity sheet found on Appendix A.

Check your
answer on page 14

Did you get the correct answers?

If yes, Congratulations, you can now proceed to the next activity.

If no, read and study again example 1 and review your answer for activity 1.

Example 3. Write 5 x 5 x 5 in exponential notation. Determine the base and the

exponent.

Solutions:

a. Write 5 as the base since it is used as a factor.

b. Write 3 as the exponent since five is multiplied by itself three times.
53 – exponential notation

Answer:
53 – exponential notation
base - 53 - exponent
53 , can be written as 5x5x5 = 125
Therefore, the value of the expression 53 is 125

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Activity 2
Do this!
Write 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 in exponential notation.
Determine the base and the exponent. Write your
answer on the attached activity sheet found on
Appendix A
Check your
answer on page 14

Did you get the correct answer?

If yes, Congratulations, you can now proceed to the next activity.

Activity 3

Express the ratio of the given problem below.

Question:
If no, read and study again example 3 and review your answer for activity 2.

Example 4. In the expression 10 x 10 x 10 x 10, what is the base and the exponent?
Then write its exponential notation.

Solutions:

a. Write 10 as the base since it is used as a factor.

b. Since 10 is multiplied by itself four times, the exponent is four.
c. The exponential notation for the expression is 10 4 and if we try to evaluate
the value of 104, the answer is 10x10x10x10 = 10 000
Therefore, the exponential expression 104 = 10 000

Note: The third example is a numerical expression in the powers of 10.

Observe that there are four zeros in 10 000, so 10 is used four times as a
factor. The number of zeros indicates the number of times 10 is used as a
factor.

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Activity 3
Do this!
In the expression 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10, what
is the base and the exponent? Then write its
exponential notation. Write your answer on the
attached activity sheet found on Appendix A
Check your
answer on page 14

Did you get the correct answer?

If yes, Congratulations, you can now proceed to the next activity.

If no, read and study again example 4 and review your answer for activity3.

More Examples

Example 1. In the expression 60, determine which number is the base and the
exponent.
Solutions:
In the expression 60,
6 – is called the base
0 – is called exponent
Note: Any nonzero number with a zero exponent is equal to 1.
Therefore, exponential expression 60 = 1

Example 2. What number represents the base and the exponent in the exponential
expression 41?
Solutions:
41 is an exponential expression in which;
4 - is called the base
1 - is called exponent
Note: Any number raised to the exponent of 1 is equal to the number itself.
So the expression 41 = 4

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Try this!
Complete the table by determining the base and exponent in the given
exponential expression. Write your answer on the activity sheet found on
Appendix B.
Exponential Expression Base Exponent
e.g. 32 3 2
1. 25
2. 73
3. 140
4. 51
5. 340

Determine whether the encircled

number in each exponential expression is a base or an exponent. Write your
answer on the attached activity sheet found on Appendix C.

1. 36 ____________________

2. 52 ___________________

3. 103 ___________________

4. 80 __________________

5. 124 __________________
 Assessment

In the following items you describe/tell the exponent and the base. Write your answer
on the attached activity sheet found on Appendix E.

Exponential Notation Base Exponent

1. 161 ______ ________

2. 94 ______ ________

3. 153 ______ ________

4. 314 ______ ________

5. 253 ______ ________

6. 75 ______ ________

7. 13 ______ ________

8. Which is the base and the exponent in the exponential expression 204?
Base_________ Exponent _________
9. In the expression 5 x 5 x 5, what number is the base? What is the exponent?
Base_________ Exponent _________
10. Determine the base and the exponent in the exponential expression 410?
Base_________ Exponent _________

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 Lesson
Value of Numbers Express in
2 Exponential Notation

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. give the value of a number expressed in exponential notation.

2. solve word problems involving exponent

In this lesson pupils will learn on how to give the value of number
expressed in exponential notation.

To find the value of a number expressed in exponential notation, we must

identify the base and the exponent. The base indicates the number to be multiplied.
The exponent tells how many times the base is to be multiplied by itself. Writing the
exponential notation in expanded form can be used to give the value of a number.
Any nonzero number with a zero exponent is equal to 1. Any number raised to the
exponent 1 is equal to the number itself. The number of zeros found after the digit 1
in a power of 10 corresponds to the exponent of 10.

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Illustrative Examples

Give the value of the number expressed in exponential notation.

Example 1. One of the modules JM made has 24 pages. Write the power as a
product of factors. How many pages does the module have?

Solutions:

a. Write 2 as the factor to be multiplied.

b. Multiply 2 by itself four times since the exponent is four.(2 x 2 x 2 x 2)
c. Get the product of 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16
Therefore: 24 = 16
Answer: = 16 pages

Activity 1
Do this!
One of the modules JM made has 33 pages. Write
the power as a product of factors. How many pages
does the module have? Write your answer on the
attached activity sheet found on Appendix F.
Check your
answer on page 15

Did you get the correct answer?

If yes, Congratulations, you can now proceed to the next activity.

Activity 3

Express the ratio of the given problem below.

Question:
If no, read and study again example 1 and review your answer for activity 1.

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Example 2. Ella sent a chain message to five of her friends. Each of her 5 friends
sent the message to five more friends. And, each of those friends sent it
to five other friends, and so on. Find the number of messages sent at
stage six by writing the expression in expanded form.
Solution: Solve the problem by:

a. Write 5 as the base because the chain messages started with 5 friends.
b. Write 6 as the exponent because the chain messages is until the sixth stage
c. The exponential notation is: 56
d. In expanded form, 56 = x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5
e. Solve the value of the expression 56 by getting the product of 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5
x 5= 15 625
Answer: 15 625 messages

Activity 2
Do this!
Ella sent a chain message to four of her friends. Each of
her 4 friends sent the message to four more friends. And,
each of those friends sent it to four other friends, and so
on. Find the number of messages sent at stage five by
writing the expression in expanded form. Write your
answer on the attached activity sheet found on Appendix
F.
Check your
answer on page 15

Did you get the correct answer?

If yes, Congratulations, you can now proceed to the next activity.

Activity 3

Express the ratio of the given problem below.

Question:s
If no, read and study again example 2 and review your answer for activity 2.

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 Assessment

Give the value of the number expressed in exponential notation in the following
items. Write your answer on the attached activity sheet found on Appendix I.

1. 83 = ______

2. 1251 = ______

3. 1000 = ______

4. 57 = ______

5. 62 = ______

6. 94 = ______

7. 262 = ______

8. A certain module has 26 pages. How many pages does the module have?

9. Marie sent an email to three of her friends. Each of her 3 friends sent the
email to three more friends. And, each of those friends sent it to three other
friends, and so on. How many messages sent at stage four?

10. John Francis saved Ᵽ4 on Monday, Ᵽ16 on Tuesday, Ᵽ64 on Wednesday

and so on. If the pattern continues, how much will he save on Friday?