Turkey 43rd / 140

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index 2019 edition

Key Indicators Sources: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

International tourist arrivals 37,603,000 T&T industry Share of GDP % GDP 4.3
International tourism inbound receipts US $22,478.0 million T&T industry employment 532,100 jobs
% of total 1.8%
Average receipts per arrival US $597.8
T&T industry Share of Employment % total employment 1.8
T&T industry GDP US $33,783.9 million
% of total 4.3%

Performance Overview Key Score

International Openness Price competitiveness

3.8 5.6
52nd 48th
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Environmental sustainability
5.1 3.7
39th 126th
ICT readiness Air transport infrastructure
4.6 4.7
71st 20th
Human resources Ground & port
& labour market infrastructure
4.2 3.6
97th 56th
Tourist service
Health & hygiene infrastructure
5.5 5.0
65th 37th

Safety & Natural

security resources
4.3 2.8
125th 77th

4.4
Business
environment 4.2 Cultural
resources &
business travel
3.8
71st Overall Score 17th

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Score 1-7 (best) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Past performance

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Edition 2015 2017 2019

Rank 44 / 141 44 / 136 43 / 140

Score 4.1 4.1 4.2

Turkey 43rd /140

Index Component Value Rank/140 PREV Value EUROPE Avg Avg Best Performer

 Business environment 4.4 71 63 Hong Kong SAR

Property rights 4.0 96 62 Finland
Business impact of rules on FDI 4.6 64 47 Hong Kong SAR
Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes 3.3 90 94 Singapore
Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regulations 2.7 = 109 116 Finland
Time required to deal with construction permits days Lower is Better  ⬅ 103 = 37 35 ⬅ Korea, Rep.
Cost to deal with construction permits % construction cost Lower is Better ⬅ 3.9 92 91 ⬅ Multiple
Extent of market dominance 3.5 86 54 Switzerland
Time to start a business days Lower is Better  ⬅ 7.0 43 37 ⬅ New Zealand
Cost of starting a business % GNI per capita Lower is Better  ⬅ 10.6 82 98 ⬅ Multiple
Effect of taxation on incentives to work 3.8 80 66 Singapore
Effect of taxation on incentives to invest 3.6 = 73 71 Bahrain
Total tax rate % profits Lower is Better  ⬅ 40.9 85 85 ⬅ Brunei Darussalam
Labour and contributions tax rate % profits ⬅
Lower is Better  20.3 94 83 ⬅ Multiple
Profit tax rate % profits Lower is Better  ⬅ 18.1 87 80 ⬅ Multiple
Rate of other taxes % profits Lower is Better  ⬅ 2.5 78 84 ⬅ Multiple

 Safety and security 4.3 125 116 Finland

Business costs of crime and violence 3.9 106 75 Lesotho
Reliability of police services 4.1 90 67 Finland
Business costs of terrorism 3.7 128 117 Lesotho
Index of terrorism incidence 1-7 (no incidence) 3.5 134 126 Multiple
Homicide rate /100,000 pop. Lower is Better  ⬅ 4.3 = 83 81 ⬅ Japan

 Health and hygiene 5.5 65 64 Austria

Physician density /1,000 pop 1.7 = 72 70 Sweden
Use of basic sanitation services % pop. 96.4 50 Multiple
Use of basic drinking water services % pop. 98.9 49 Multiple
Hospital beds /10,000 pop. 27.0 60 67 Japan

HIV prevalence % adult pop. Lower is Better  ⬅ 0.0 = 1 1 ⬅ Bosnia and

Herzegovina
Malaria incidence cases/100,000 pop. Lower is Better  ⬅ P.R. 1 77 ⬅ Iran, Islamic Rep.

 Human resources and labour market 4.2 97 94 United States

Qualification of the labour force 5.3 = 71 63 Singapore
Primary education enrollment rate net % 94.3 77 85 Canada
Secondary education enrollment rate gross % 103.0 35 46 Belgium
Extent of staff training 3.5 = 107 99 Switzerland
Degree of customer orientation 4.6 71 39 Switzerland
Labour market 3.1 133 126 United States
Hiring and firing practices 3.4 102 90 Hong Kong SAR
Ease of finding skilled employees 3.5 117 90 United States
Ease of hiring foreign labour 4.0 83 85 Albania
Pay and productivity 3.6 95 92 United States
Female participation in the labor force ratio to men 0.47 126 123 Mozambique

 ICT readiness 4.6 71 72 Hong Kong SAR

ICT use for biz-to-biz transactions 4.7 72 52 Switzerland
Internet use for biz-to-consumer transactions 4.7 59 46 Sweden
Internet users % pop. 64.7 66 71 Iceland
Fixed-broadband Internet subscriptions /100 pop. 14.8 59 61 Switzerland
Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions /100 pop. 96.4 103 100 Hong Kong SAR

Mobile-broadband subscriptions /100 pop. 70.5 64 73

United Arab
Emirates
Mobile network coverage % pop. 99.8 46 90 Multiple
Quality of electricity supply 4.6 89 83 Hong Kong SAR
Turkey 43rd /140

Index Component Value Rank/140 PREV Value EUROPE Avg Avg Best Performer

 Prioritization of Travel & Tourism 5.1 39 87 Malta

Government prioritization of travel and tourism industry 5.1 61 66 Lesotho
T&T government expenditure % government budget 5.8 30 132 Seychelles
Effectiveness of marketing and branding to attract tourists 4.1 87 66 Lesotho
Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data 0–120 (best) 110 7 5 Spain
Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data 0–21 (best) 21.0 8 17 Multiple
Country brand strategy rating 1–100 (best) 67.7 109 115 Paraguay

 International Openness 3.8 52 50 New Zealand

Visa requirements 0–100 (best) 41.0 53 34 Haiti
Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements 0–38 (best) 11.3 = 61 58 New Zealand
Number of regional trade agreements in force number 24.0 42 45 Multiple

 Price competitiveness 5.6 48 70 Iran, Islamic Rep.

Ticket taxes and airport charges 0–100 (best) 90.2 29 28 Multiple
Hotel price index US$ Lower is Better  ⬅ 82.8 8 27 ⬅ Lithuania
Purchasing power parity PPP $ Lower is Better ⬅ 0.4 42 72 ⬅ Egypt
Fuel price levels US$ cents/litre Lower is Better ⬅ 123.0 122 132 ⬅ Venezuela

 Environmental sustainability 3.7 = 126 112 Switzerland

Stringency of environmental regulations 3.7 94 78 Finland
Enforcement of environmental regulations 3.5 = 90 86 Finland
Sustainability of travel and tourism industry development 4.5 61 41 Lesotho
Particulate matter (2.5) concentration Micrograms per cubic meter ⬅
Lower is Better  13.4 87 90 ⬅ Mauritius
Environmental treaty ratification 0–29 (best) 17 125 125 Multiple
Baseline water stress 5–0 (best) Lower is Better  ⬅ 3.8 = 114 109 ⬅ Multiple
Threatened species % total species Lower is Better  ⬅ 8.5 105 105 ⬅ Luxembourg
Forest cover change % change Lower is Better  ⬅ 0.0 = 40 41 ⬅ Seychelles
Wastewater treatment % 48.8 43 53 Multiple
Fish stock status (% of catch) Lower is Better  ⬅ 79.7 84 ⬅ Yemen

 Air transport infrastructure 4.7 = 20 14 Canada

Quality of air transport infrastructure 5.2 39 29 Singapore
Available seat kilometres, domestic millions 770.1 11 11 United States
Available seat kilometres, international millions 2,679.5 17 15 United States
Aircraft departures /1,000 pop. 9.2 38 40 Seychelles
Airport density airports/million pop. 0.8 80 78 Seychelles
Number of operating airlines Number 127.0 13 12 United States

 Ground and port infrastructure 3.6 56 54 Hong Kong SAR

Quality of roads 4.9 33 28 Singapore
Road density km of road/100 square km - 65 65 Malta
Paved road density km of road/100 square km - 48 51 Malta
Quality of railroad infrastructure (survey question) 3.1 58 51 Switzerland
Railroad density km of railroads/100 square km 1.3 = 50 50 Czech Republic
Quality of port infrastructure 4.6 52 52 Netherlands
Ground transport efficiency 3.9 = 54 55 Japan

 Tourist service infrastructure 5.0 37 42 Portugal

Hotel rooms number/100 pop. 0.5 = 67 64 Seychelles
Quality of tourism infrastructure 5.8 13 20 Singapore
Presence of major car rental companies 7 1 51 Multiple
Automated teller machines number/100,000 adult pop. 78.1 33 27 Korea, Rep.

 Natural resources 2.8 77 70 Mexico

Number of World Heritage natural sites number of sites 1 = 50 46 China
Total known species number of species 576 68 65 Brazil
Total protected areas % total territorial area 0.2 = 137 135 Slovenia
Natural tourism digital demand 0–100 (best) 33 30 27 Italy
Attractiveness of natural assets 4.8 87 69 Costa Rica

 Cultural resources and business travel 3.8 17 16 China

Number of World Heritage cultural sites number of sites 17 11 13 Italy
Oral and intangible cultural heritage number of expressions 17 5 5 China
Sports stadiums number of large stadiums 23.0 18 29 United States
Number of international association meetings 3-year average 123.7 34 18 United States
Cultural and entertainment tourism digital demand 0–100 (best) 18 27 24 China