MAE ANN B.

GONZALES
STATISTICS MPA 1A

Activity/Quiz 2

Answer the following problems using appropriate statistical tool and 5 steps of hypothesis testing.
(5 points each)

1. A weight reduction program claims to be effective in treating obesity. To test this claim 12 PNP
personnel were put on the program and the number of pounds of weight gain/loss was recorded for
each person after two years.  Can we conclude the weight loss program effective? (use 0.05 level of
significance)

Weight Loss
12
15
-5
7
1
-10
12
-8
20
8
-2
-5

Answer:

Using Step of Hypothesis Testing

Is there a significant difference among the participants' weight loss?

1. State your Null and Alternative Hypothesis

Ho: There is no significant difference among the participants’ weight loss.

H1: There is significant difference among the participants’ weight loss.

2. Level of Significance

α = 0.05

3. Statistical Tool

Dependent Sample t-test

4. Computation

Using JASP

One Sample T-Test

  t df p

Weight Loss 1.313 11 0.216

Note.  Student's t-test.

5. Making of decision and conclusion.

Based from the results, there was no significant difference on the weight loss of the participants

[t (11) = 1.313, p = 0.216] at 0.05 level of significance. Therefore, the weight loss program is not

effective.

2. A research study was conducted to examine the differences between older and younger adults on
perceived life satisfaction. A pilot study was conducted to examine this hypothesis. Ten older adults
(over the age of 70) and ten younger adults (between 20 and 30) were give a life satisfaction test (known
to have high reliability and validity). Scores on the measure range from 0 to 60 with high scores
indicative of high life satisfaction; low scores indicative of low life satisfaction. Is there significant
difference on the perceived life satisfaction when the participants are grouped according to age? (use
0.05 level of significance).

Participants Scores
 Older 45
Older 38
Older 52
Older 48
Older 25
Older 39
Older 51
Older 46
Older 55
Older 46
Younger 34
Younger 22
Younger 15
Younger 27
Younger 37
Younger 41
Younger 24
Younger 19
Younger 26
Younger 36

Answer:

Using Step of Hypothesis Testing

Is there significant difference on the perceived life satisfaction when the participants are

grouped according to age?

1. State your Null and Alternative Hypothesis

Ho: There is no significant difference on the perceived life satisfaction when the participants

are grouped according to age.

H1: There is significant difference on the perceived life satisfaction when the participants

are grouped according to age.

2. Level of Significance
 α = 0.05

3. Statistical Tool

Independent sample t-test

4. Computation

Using JASP

Independent Samples T-Test

Independent Samples T-Test
t df p
Scores 4.258 18 < .001
Note.  Student's t-test.

Descriptives

Group Descriptives
  Group N Mean SD SE
Scores Older 10 44.500 8.683 2.746
  Younger 10 28.100 8.543 2.702

5. Making of decision and conclusion.

Result shows that there was significant difference on the perceived life satisfaction when the

participants are grouped according to age [ t (18) = 4.258, p < 0.001] at 0.05 level of significance. This

implies that older participants have higher life satisfaction compared to younger participants.

3. Based on “An analysis of Factors that contribute to the Efficacy of Hypnotic Analgesia”, by Price and
Barber, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol.96, No.1. A study was conducted to investigate the
effectiveness of hypnotism in reducing pain. Results for randomly selected subjects, at level of
significance 0.05, test the claim that the sensory measurements are lower after hypnotism. (The values
are before and after hypnosis; the measurements are in centimeter on a pain scale.) Does hypnotism
appear effective in reducing pain?

Befor
After
e
6.6 6.8
6.5 2.4
9.0 7.4
10.3 8.5
11.3 8.1
8.1 6.1
6.3 3.4
11.6 2.0

Answer:

Using Step of Hypothesis Testing

Is there a significant difference in the reduction of pain of the selected subjects before and after

hypnotism?

1. State your Null and Alternative Hypothesis

Ho: There is no significant difference in the reduction of pain of the selected subjects before

and after hypnotism

H1: There is significant difference in the reduction of pain of the selected subjects before

and after hypnotism.

2. Level of Significance

α = 0.05

3. Statistical Tool
 Paired sample t-test

4. Computation

Using JASP

Paired Samples T-Test

Paired Samples T-Test
Measure 1   Measure 2 t df p
Before - After 3.036 7 0.019
Note.  Student's t-test.

Descriptives

Descriptives
  N Mean SD SE
Before 8 8.713 2.177 0.770
After 8 5.588 2.608 0.922

5. Making of decision and conclusion.

Result shows, there was significant difference in the reduction of pain of the selected subjects

before and after hypnotism [t (7) = 3.036, p = 0.019] at 0.05 level of significance. This implies that

hypnotism is effective in reducing pain of the participants.

4. A firm wishes to compare four programs for training workers to perform a certain manual task.
Twenty new employees are randomly assigned to the training programs, with 5 in each program. At the
end of the training period, a test is conducted to see how quickly trainees can perform the task. The
number of times the task is performed per minute is recorded for each trainee, with the following
results:
Program Score
Program 9
1
 Program 12
1
Program 14
1
Program 11
1
Program 13
1
Program 10
2
Program 6
2
Program 9
2
Program 9
2
Program 10
2
Program 12
3
Program 14
3
Program 11
3
Program 13
3
Program 11
3
Program 9
4
Program 8
4
Program 11
4
Program 7
4
Program 8
4

Using α = .05, determine whether the treatments differ in their effectiveness.

Answer:

Using Step of Hypothesis Testing

 Is there a significant difference on the quickness of the participants in performing the task when

grouped according to programs?

1. State your Null and Alternative Hypothesis

Ho: There is no significant difference on the quickness of the participants in performing the

task when grouped according to programs.

H1: There is significant difference on the quickness of the participants in performing the task

when grouped according to programs.

2. Level of Significance

α = 0.05

3. Statistical Tool

One-way ANOVA

4. Computation

Using JASP

ANOVA
ANOVA - Score
Cases Sum of Squares df Mean Square F p
Program 54.950 3 18.317 7.045 0.003
Residuals 41.600 16 2.600  
ANOVA - Score
Cases Sum of Squares df Mean Square F p
Note.  Type III Sum of Squares
 

Descriptives

Descriptives - Score
Program Mean SD N
Program 1 11.800 1.924 5
Program 2 8.800 1.643 5
Program 3 12.200 1.304 5
Program 4 8.600 1.517 5

Post Hoc Tests

Standard

Post Hoc Comparisons - Program

Mean Difference SE t p tukey p scheffe
Program 1 Program 2 3.000 1.020 2.942 0.043 0.068
  Program 3 -0.400 1.020 -0.392 0.979 0.984
  Program 4 3.200 1.020 3.138 0.029 0.048
Program 2 Program 3 -3.400 1.020 -3.334 0.020 0.034
  Program 4 0.200 1.020 0.196 0.997 0.998
Program 3 Program 4 3.600 1.020 3.530 0.013 0.024

Note.  P-value adjusted for comparing a family of 4

5. Making of decision and conclusion.

Based from the results, there was significant difference on the quickness of the participants in

performing the task when grouped according to programs [F (3, 16) = 7.045, p = 0.003] at 0.05 level of

significance.
 Utilizing Scheffe Method, Program 1 creates difference with Program 4 with mean difference of

3.2 and Program 3 creates difference with Program 2 and Program 4 with mean difference of 3.4 and 3.6

respectively. This implies that Program 1 is more effective than Program 4 and Program 3 is more

effective than Program 2 and Program 4.